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| 1 | 伴有脑肿胀的大脑和小脑梗死的管理推荐意见美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会对医疗专业人员的声明显示文摘背景和目的关于缺血性卒中后脑肿胀患者的最佳管理方案,仍有许多尚未确定的问题。需要制定相关指南来指导如何处理这种严重并发症,如何提供最佳的综合性神经科和内科治疗,以及在患者病情恶化时如何与面临外科干预复杂决策的家属进行良好的沟通。本科学声明为大脑或小脑半球缺血性卒中伴脑肿胀的患者提供了早期的管理方案。方法写作组利用系统文献综述,参考公开发表的临床和流行病学研究、发病率和死亡率报告、临床与公共卫生指南、权威声明、个人文件以及专家意见,对现有证据进行总结并指出与当前知识水平的差距。写作组通过对MEDLINE、EMBASE和Web of Science数据库进行医学文献计算机检索(最后检索时间为2013年3月,研究对象为成年人)回顾最相关的文献。在美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,ARIA)框架背景下对证据进行组织,根据AHA/美国心脏病学学会基金会以及AHA卒中委员会的证据强度分级方案进行分类。这份声明经过AHA内部的广泛同行评议。结果已有适用于由缺血性梗死引起的半球(累及整个大脑中动脉供血区或更大范围)和小脑(累及小脑后下动脉或小脑上动脉供血区)肿胀的临床标准。幕上半球缺血性卒中伴脑肿胀发生恶化的临床表现包括新发意识障碍或意识障碍加重、脑性上睑下垂以及瞳孔大小变化。在小脑梗死伴肿胀患者中,意识水平下降是脑干受压的结果,因此可能出现早期角膜反射丧失和瞳孔缩小。应制定标准化定义以促进多中心和基于人群的发病率、患病率、危险因素和转归研究。脑肿胀高危患者的识别应包括临床和神经影像学资料。如果大面积卒中患者有必要进入全面复苏状态,则需要收入具备神经监护功能的病房。这些患者最好被收入由技术熟练和经验丰富的医生(如神经重症监护医生或神经血管科医生)负责的重症监护室或卒中单元。综合性医疗管理包括气道管理和机械通气、血压控制、液体管理以及血糖和体温控制。在幕上半球缺血性卒中伴肿胀患者中,不需行常规颅内压监测或脑脊液引流,但神经功能继续恶化的患者应考虑行去骨瓣减压和硬脑膜切开术。去骨瓣减压术在≥60岁的患者中的疗效尚不确定。在神经功能恶化的小脑卒中伴肿胀患者中,应行枕骨下颅骨切除和硬脑膜切开术。当应用脑室造瘘术缓解小脑梗死后梗阻性脑积水时,应同时行枕骨下颅骨切除术以防小脑向上移位导致的病情恶化。幕上半球梗死伴肿胀患者可获得令人满意的转归,但即使行去骨瓣减压术,仍有1/3的患者会遗留严重残疾和完全生活依赖。多数小脑梗死患者在术后能获得可接受的功能转归。结论大脑和小脑梗死伴肿胀是需要立即给予专业神经重症监护、并常需要进行神经外科干预的危重情况。去骨瓣减压术是很多患者的必然治疗选择,经过选择的患者能从中受益匪浅,尽管他们可能会遗留残疾,但仍可生活自理。 | Eelco F. M. Wijdicks Kevin N. Sheth Bob S. Carter David M. Greer Scott E. Kasner W. Taylor Kimberly Stefan Schwab Eric E. Smith Rafael J. Tamargo Max Wintermark 王玉琴 牛牧 柯开富 | 2014 | 国际脑血管病杂志2014，22，4： | 11 |
| 2 | Vacuum interrupter,high reliability component of distribution switches,circuit breakers and contactors显示文摘The use of vacuum interrupters(VIs)as the current interruption component for switches,circuit breakers,reclosers and contactors operating at distribution voltages has escalated since their introduction in the mid-1950’s.This electrical product has developed a dominating position for switching and protecting distribution circuits.VIs are even being introduced into switching products operating at transmission voltages.Among the reasons for the VI’s popularity are its compactness,its range of application,its low cost,its superb electrical and mechanical life and its ease of application.Its major advantage is its well-established reliability.In this paper we show how this reliability has been achieved by design,by mechanical life testing and by electrical performance testing.We introduce the“sealed for life”concept for the VI’s integrity.We discuss this in terms of what is meant by a practical leak rate for VIs with a life of over 30 years.We show that a simple high voltage withstand test is an easy and effective method for monitoring the long-term vacuum integrity.Finally we evaluate the need for routine inspection of this electrical product when it is used in adverse ambient environments. | SLADE Paul G. MAYO Stephen SMITH R.Kirkland TAYLOR Erik D. | 2007 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)2007，8，3： | 4 |
| 3 | The barren stalk2 Gene Is Required for Axillary Meristem Development in Maize显示文摘The diversity of plant architecture is determined by axillary meristems (AMs). AMs are produced from small groups of stem cells in the axils of leaf primordia and generate vegetative branches and reproductive inflorescences . Previous studies identified genes critical for AM development that function in auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling. barren stalkl (ba1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, acts downstream of auxin to control AM formation. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of barren stalk2 (ba2), a mutant that fails to produce ears and has fewer branches and spikelets in the tassel, indicating that ba2 functions in reproductive AM development. Furthermore, the ba2 mutation suppresses tiller growth in the teosinte branchedl mutant, indicating that ba2 also plays an essential role in vegetative AM development. The ba2 gene encodes a protein that co-localizes and heterodimerizes with BA1 in the nucleus . Characterization of the genetic interaction between ba2 and ba1 demonstrates that ba1 shows a gene dosage effect in ba2 mutants, providing further evidence that BA1 and BA2 act together in the same pathway. Characterization of the molecular and genetic interaction between ba2 and additional genes required for the regulation of ba1 further supports this finding. The ba1 and ba2 genes are orthologs of rice genes, LAX PANICLE1 (LAX1) and LAX2, respectively, hence providing insights into pathways controlling AMs development in grasses. | Hong Yao Andrea Skirpan Brian Wardell Michaela S.Matthes Norman B.Best Tyler McCubbin Amanda Durbak Taylor Smith Simon Malcomber Paula McSteen | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，3： | 4 |
| 4 | Lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome after cardiopulmonary bypass显示文摘 | George Asimakopoulos Peter L.C Smith Chandana P Ratnatunga Kenneth M Taylor | 1999 | The Annals of Thoracic Surgery1999，，3： | 2 |
| 5 | High Detection Rates of Colorectal Neoplasia by Stool DNA Testing With a Novel Digital Melt Curve Assay显示文摘 | Hongzhi Zou William R. Taylor Jonathan J. Harrington Fareeda Taher Nazer Hussain Xiaoming Cao Charles L. Loprinzi Theodore R. Levine Douglas K. Rex Dennis Ahnen Kandice L. Knigge Peter Lance Xuan Jiang David I. Smith David A. Ahlquist | 2009 | Gastroenterology2009，，2： | 2 |
| 6 | Crystal structures of mitochondrial processing peptidase reveal the mode for specific cleavage of import signal sequences 显示文摘 | Taylor AB Smith BS Kitada SJ | 2001 | Structure Cambridge2001，9，7： | 1 |
| 7 | A multicenter, open, non-comparative phase Ⅱ study of a combination of fludarabine phosphate,cytarabine and granulocyte colonystimulating factor in relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia and de novo refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation 显示文摘 | Jackson G Taylor P Smith GM | 2001 | Br J Haematol2001，112，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Suboptimal Inhibition of Platelet Cyclooxygenase-1 by Aspirin in Metabolic Syndrome显示文摘 | James P. Smith Elias V. Haddad Mary B. Taylor Denise Oram Dana Blakemore Qingxia Chen Olivier Boutaud John A. Oates | 2012 | Hypertension2012，，3： | 1 |
| 9 | A semiempirical method for analysis of the reflectance spectra of binary mineral mixtures显示文摘 | Johnson P E Smith M O Taylor G S | 1983 | Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth1983，88，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Dissociated Functional Brain Abnormalities of Inhibition in Boys With Pure Conduct Disorder and in Boys With Pure Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder显示文摘 | Rubia Katya Halari Rozmin Smith Anna B Mohammed Majeed Scott Steven Giampietro Vincent Taylor Eric Brammer Michael J | 2008 | The American Journal of Psychiatry2008，，7： | 1 |
| 11 | A muhicenter,open, non- comparative phase lI study of a combination of fludarabine phosphate, cytarabine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia and de novo refractory anaemia with excess of blasts in transformation 显示文摘 | Jackson G Taylor P Smith GM | 2001 | Br J Haematol2001，112，1： | 1 |
| 12 | World-City Network: A New Metageography?显示文摘 | Jonathan V. Beaverstock Richard G. Smith Peter J. Taylor | 2000 | Annals of the Association of American Geographers2000，，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Urban woodlands:their role in reducing the effects of particulate pollution显示文摘 | BECKETT K P FREER - SMITH P H TAYLOR G | 1998 | Environmental Pollution1998，99，： | 1 |
| 14 | Cysteine protease activity in the wall of abdominal aortic aneurysms显示文摘 | Abisi S Burnand K G Waltham M Humphries J Taylor P R Smith A | 2007 | J Vasc Surg2007，46，： | 1 |
| 15 | Specific adrenomedullin binding sites and hypotension in the rat systemic vascular bed显示文摘 | Nandha KA Taylor GM Smith DM | 1996 | Regul Pept1996，62，23： | 1 |
| 16 | The capture of particulate pollution by trees at five contrasting urban sites显示文摘 | Beckett KP Freer - Smith PH Taylor G | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Instantaneous ca- pacity of OFDM on Rayleigh-Fading channels 显示文摘 | Clark A Smith P J and Taylor D P | 2007 | IEEE Transactions on Information Theory2007，53，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Divergent effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin Ⅱ-Receptor antagonsin on myocardial infarction in rats显示文摘 | Taylor K Patten R D Smith J J | 1998 | J Cardiovasc Pharmacol1998，31，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Exhaled nitric oxide measurements, clinical application and interpretation 显示文摘 | Taylor DR Pijnenburg MW Smith AD | 2006 | Thorax2006，61，9： | 1 |
| 20 | MIMO Cognitive Radios with Antenna Selection 显示文摘 | HANIF M F SMITH P J TAYLOR D P | 2011 | Wireless Communications IEEE Transactions on2011，10，11： | 1 |
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