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| 1 | Trend of declining stroke mortality in China:reasons and analysis显示文摘Introduction There is a downward trend of stroke-related mortality in the USA.By reviewing all published articles on stroke mortality in China,we analysed its trend and possible factors that have influenced the trend.Methods Both English and Chinese literatures were searched on the mortality of stroke or cerebrovascular diseases in China.Potential papers related to this topic were identified from PubMed,Medline,Embase,Cochrane Library,Wanfang Database,SINOMED and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases.Results Comparing the results from the most recent population-based epidemiological survey and databank from the national Center for Disease Control and Prevention,the age-adjusted stroke mortality rate has shown a downward trend among both urban and rural population in the past 30 years in China.Comparing with 30 years ago,the rate of stroke mortality has decreased by more than 31%in urban/suburban population and 11%in rural population.In men,the age-adjusted stroke mortality rate decreased by 18.9%and in women by 24.9%between 1994 and 2013.Factors that may have contributed to the trend of decreased stroke mortality rate include(1)improved healthcare coverage and healthcare environment;(2)improved treatment options and medical technology;(3)support by government to educate the public on stroke and stroke prevention;and(4)improved public knowledge on stroke.Conclusions The age-adjusted stroke mortality rate in China has shown a downward trend among both urban and rural population in the past 30 years.The major influencing factors that helped in reducing stroke mortality in China included improved healthcare coverage,healthcare environment,the updated treatment options and modern medical technology. | Wenzhi Wang David Wang Hongmei Liu Haixin Sun Bin Jiang Xiaojuan Ru Dongling Sun Zhenghong Chen Yongjun Wang | 2017 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2017，2，3： | 52 |
| 2 | Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China显示文摘There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock. | ZHU GuangYou ZHAO WenZhi ZHANG ShuiChang LIANG YingBo WANG ZhengJun | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，A01： | 41 |
| 3 | Relationship between the later strong gas-charging and the improvement of the reservoir capacity in deep Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tazhong area, Tarim Basin显示文摘Some large-scale oil-gas fields have recently been discovered in marine carbonate in China, especially the significant discoveries in deep reservoir that reveals a favorable exploration prospect. Tazhong area is the first-order tectonic unit in Tarim Basin, where there are nearly trillion cubic meters of natural gas resources in the Ordovician limestone reef flat complex in Lianglitage Formation. The reservoir is shelf edge reef flat complex, characterized by ultra-low porosity, low permeability and strong heterogeneous, with a current burial depth of 4500―6500 m. Studies find that the formation and distribution of deep reservoir of the Lianglitage Formation were controlled not only by the early high-energy sedimentary facies and corrosion, but the fracture network formed by the strong gas-charging process since the Himalayan epoch, which played an important role in optimizing and improving reservoir properties. This paper discusses the relationship between the strong later gas-charging and the improvement of the reservoir capacity in deep Ordovician carbonate reservoir, and also builts the corresponding mechanisms and modes, which is favorable for the prediction and evaluation of the advantageous exploration targets. | ZHAO WenZhi ZHU GuangYou ZHANG ShuiChang ZHAO XueFeng SUN YuShan WANG HongJun YANG HaiJun HAN JianFa | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，17： | 31 |
| 4 | The porosity origin of dolostone reservoirs in the Tarim, Sichuan and Ordos basins and its implication to reservoir prediction显示文摘Origin of dolostone remained a controversial subject, although numerous dolomitization models had been proposed to date. Because of the dolomitization's potential to be hydrocarbon reservoirs, one debatable issue was the role of dolomitization in porosity construction or destruction. Based upon case studies of dolostone reservoirs in various geological settings such as evaporative tidal flat(Ordos Basin, NW China), evaporative platform(Sichuan Basin, SW China), and burial and hydrothermal diagenesis(Tarim Basin, NW China), here we systematically discuss the origin of porosity in dolostone reservoirs. Contrary to traditional concepts, which regarded dolomitization as a significant mechanism for porosity creation, we found two dominant factors controlling reservoir development in dolostones, i.e., porosity inherited from precursor carbonates and porosity resulted from post-dolomitization dissolution. Actually, dolomitization rarely had a notable effect on porosity creation but rather in many cases destroyed pre-existing porosity such as saddle dolostone precipitation in vugs and fractures. Porosity in dolostones associated with evaporative tidal flat or evaporative platform was generally created by subaerial dissolution of evaporites and/or undolomitized components. Porosity in burial dolostones was inherited mostly from precursor carbonates, which could be enlarged due to subsequent dissolution. Intercrystalline porosity in hydrothermal dolostones was either formed during dolomitization or inherited from precursor carbonates, whereas dissolution-enlarged intercrystalline pores and/or vugs were usually interpreted to be the result of hydrothermal alteration. These understandings on dolostone porosity shed light on reservoir prediction. Dolostone reservoirs associated with evaporative tidal flat were laterally distributed as banded or quasi-stratified shapes in evaporite-bearing dolostones, and vertically presented as multi-interval patterns on tops of shallowing-upward cycles. Dolostone reservoirs associated with evaporative platform commonly occurred along epiplatforms or beneath evaporite beds, and vertically presented as multi-interval patterns in dolostones and/or evaporite-bearing dolostones of reef/shoal facies. Constrained by primary sedimentary facies, burial dolostone reservoirs were distributed in dolomitized, porous sediments of reef/shoal facies, and occurred vertically as multi-interval patterns in crystalline dolostones on tops of shallowing-upward cycles. Hydrothermal dolomitization was obviously controlled by conduits(e.g., faults, unconformities), along which lenticular reservoirs could develop. | ZHAO WenZhi SHEN AnJiang ZHENG JianFeng QIAO ZhanFeng WANG XiaoFang LU JunMing | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，10： | 23 |
| 5 | Global blue carbon accumulation in tidal wetlands increases with climate change显示文摘Coastal tidal wetlands produce and accumulate significant amounts of organic carbon(C)that help to mitigate climate change.However,previous data limitations have prevented a robust evaluation of the global rates and mechanisms driving C accumulation.Here,we go beyond recent soil C stock estimates to reveal global tidal wetland C accumulation and predict changes under relative sea level rise,temperature and precipitation.We use data from literature study sites and our new observations spanning wide latitudinal gradients and 20 countries.Globally,tidal wetlands accumulate 53.65(95%CI:48.52-59.01)Tg C yr^(-1),which is~30%of the organic C buried on the ocean floor.Modeling based on current climatic drivers and under projected emissions scenarios revealed a net increase in the global C accumulation by2100.This rapid increase is driven by sea level rise in tidal marshes,and higher temperature and precipitation in mangroves.Countries with large areas of coastal wetlands,like Indonesia and Mexico,are more susceptible to tidal wetland C losses under climate change,while regions such as Australia,Brazil,the USA and China will experience a significant C accumulation increase under all projected scenarios. | Faming Wang Christian J.Sanders Isaac R.Santos Jianwu Tang Mark Schuerch Matthew L.Kirwan Robert E.Kopp Kai Zhu Xiuzhen Li Jiacan Yuan Wenzhi Liu Zhian Li | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，9： | 22 |
| 6 | Comparative study of gas accumulations in the Permian Changxing reefs and Triassic Feixianguan oolitic reservoirs between Longgang and Luojiazhai-Puguang in the Sichuan Basin显示文摘Reef and oolitic gas reservoirs in the Permian Changxing and Triassic Feixianguan formations have been discovered in both the Luojiazhai-Puguang and Longgang areas of the Sichuan Basin, but the accumulation scale, abundance and distribution patterns differ greatly. In fact, the two areas have more differences than they have similarities. Similarities include: (1) the lithology, properties and types of porosity of the reef and oolitic reservoirs are primarily consistent in the two areas; (2) well-developed regional caprocks that seal the fluid system; and (3) accumulation process histories, with liquid hydrocarbon charging at an early stage, cracking into gas at a high to over-mature stage, adjustment of gas reservoirs at an uplifting stage, and final reservoir generation at a late stage. Differences include: (1) gas accumulations in the Luojiazhai-Puguang area that are dominated by oil-type cracked gas, with multiple and sufficient gas sources, contrasting with gas accumulations in the Longgang area that are dominated by coal-sourced gas with insufficient gas sources; (2) heterogeneity and horizontal diversity of reservoirs in the Longgang area that are stronger than in the Luojiazhai-Puguang area; and (3) the development of deep and large faults in the Luojiazhai-Puguang area that link source, reservoir and migration pathways, contrasting with poorly developed faults in Longgang area, where laterally variable fractures are the major migration pathway. Because of these differences, abundant large-scale structurally-controlled gas accumulations are developed in the Luojiazhai-Puguang area, whereas lithology plays a more important role in gas accumulation in the Longgang area where accumulations are smaller-scale and have lower gas-bearing abundance. We suggest that future exploration for reef and oolitic gas accumulations should be strengthened in NE Sichuan and NW Sichuan Jiulongshan. In particular, the transitional zone between Longgang and Kaijiang-Liangping Bay has the best potential for new discoveries. | ZHAO WenZhi XU ChunChun WANG TongShan WANG HongJun WANG ZeCheng BIAN CongSheng LI Xia | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，31： | 21 |
| 7 | Oil cracking: An important way for highly efficient gen- eration of gas from marine source rock kitchen显示文摘The potentials of gas generation by kerogen in the late period and by crude oil cracking are closely related to the origin of natural gas in the high- to over mature ma- rine area and their exploration perspectives. The carbon structure of kerogens, with different types and at different evolution stages, have been experimentally studied using the high magnetic field solid 13C nuclear magnetic resonance technique in order to determine the oil and gas potential of kerogens. Results show that the contents of gas potential carbon(GPC) of types I, II, III kerogens at the high- to over mature stage are very low, indicating their weak gas-generating capacity and limited gas production; however, the content of oil potential carbon(OPC) of the low mature type I kerogen is much higher, implying that a large amount of crude oil generated during the oil-generating period will be the material for later gas generation by oil cracking. The kinetic experiment of gas generation by crude oil cracking shows that, when the temperature is about 160℃(Ro=1.6%), the crude oil will start to produce large amounts of gas; the temperature range for major gas generation of crude oil is higher than that of the kerogens, and the gas production is 2 to 4 times higher than that of kerogens. The natural gas de- rived from oil cracking (called oil-cracked gas) is much abundant in methyl hexamethylene, which is quite different from the natural gas produced by thermal degradation of kerogens (named kerogen degradation gas) at high- to over mature stage. | ZHAO Wenzhi WANG Zhaoyun ZHANG Shuichang WANG Hongjun WANG Yunpeng | 2005 | Chinese Science Bulletin2005，50，22： | 18 |
| 8 | Relative humidity reconstruction for northwestern China's Altay Mountains using tree-ring δ^(18)O显示文摘Relative humidity is an important factor in water and water vapor feedback cycles.In this study,we established a 222-year annual tree-ring δ^(18)O chronology for Siberian larch(Larix sibirica Ldb.)from the Altay Mountains in northwestern China.Climate response analyses revealed that the relative humidity was the primary factor limiting tree-ring δ^(18)O fractionation.Based on our analysis,tree-ring δ^(18)O can be used to reconstruct the July–August relative humidity based on both a reasonable mechanism of tree-ring δ^(18)O fractionation and a statistically significant regression model.We used this model to reconstruct variations in the July–August relative humidity,and the model explained 47.4% of the total variation in the measured relative humidity data from 1961 to 2011.The relative humidity in the study area increased from 1900 to the 1990s and decreased thereafter.Two regime-shift dry periods were detected during the study period(one from 1817 to 1830 and the other from 2004 to 2011). | Guobao Xu Xiaohong Liu Dahe Qin Tuo Chen Wenzhi Wang Guoju Wu Weizhen Sun Wenling An Xiaomin Zeng | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，2： | 14 |
| 9 | Moisture variations over the past millennium characterized by Qaidam Basin tree-ring δ^(18)O显示文摘High-resolution tree-ring δ18O chronologies covering the last millennium,although scarce,are essential in understanding patterns of climatic changes in the northeastern region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.For this study,a tree-ring δ18O chronology with a temporal resolution of 3-years was developed from the long-lived Qilian juniper(Sabina przewalskii Kom.),extending back in time to AD 991.This long δ18O chronology was significantly correlated with the yearly δ18O in tree rings during the common period from 1800 to 2006,and was an effective proxy for relative humidity during the growing season.A low-frequency moisture pattern signified the occurrence of a slight drought during the Medieval Climate Anomaly,a marked occurrence of a wet period during the Little Ice Age,and a trend in increasing moisture levels,although lower than average,alongside the Twentieth Century warming trend.Comparisons to other hydroclimatic reconstructions indicate that this tree-ring18O chronology serves as a reliable paleo-humidity proxy for the Qaidam Basin as well as documenting details of past humidity levels in the region. | WANG WenZhi LIU XiaoHong XU GuoBao SHAO XueMei QIN DaHe SUN WeiZhen AN WenLing ZENG XiaoMin | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，32： | 14 |
| 10 | Analysis on forming conditions of deep marine reservoirs and their concentration belts in superimposed basins in China显示文摘By taking the Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin as examples, the conditions for deep marine reservoir formation were illustrated in three aspects listed below: late-stage superimposition style, burial history and structural deformation of the marine stratigraphic system. The burial history of marine source rocks can be divided into three types, i.e., type I, type II and type III, which are obviously different from the case with present hydrocarbon phases in terms of hydrocarbon generation and petroleum-reservoir formation. Based on evolution history, the structural belts in the marine stratigraphic sequence can also be divided into four types, i.e. earlier normal fault-later fault-fold type, earlier uplift-later fault-fold type, earlier uplift-later flattened slope type, and earlier depression-later thrust type. In this paper, a successive gas generation model was proposed, and it was particularly pointed out that coupling of geothermal field annealing evolution and tectonic subsidence and late gas generation from dispersed liquid hydrocarbon in highly matured to over-matured source rocks are key factors for formation of marine petroleum reservoirs. The geological conditions for formation of high-grade reservoirs in deep marine system, covering early hydrocarbon injection, deep denudation and buried dolomitization, were summarized. It was finally concluded that three major structural belts, i.e. paleo-uplift belt characterized by composite hydrocarbon accumulation, paleo-fault belt and high-energy sedimentary facies belt, were involved in marine hydrocarbon accumulation. | ZHAO WenZhi WANG ZeCheng ZHANG ShuiChang WANG HongJun | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，A01： | 13 |
| 11 | Preliminary report on methane emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir in the summer drainage period显示文摘Recently reported summertime methane (CH4) emissions (6.7 ± 13.3 mg CH4/(m2·hr)) from newly created marshes in the drawdown area of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), China have triggered broad concern in academic circles and among the public. The CH4 emissions from TGR water surfaces and drawdown areas were monitored from 3rd June to 16th October 2010 with floating and static chambers and gas chromatography. The average CH4 emission flux from permanently flooded areas in Zigui, Wushan and Yunyang Counties was (0.33 ± 0.09) mg CH4/(m2·hr). In half of these hottest months of the year, the wilderness, cropland and deforested drawdown sites were aerobic and located above water level, and the CH4 emissions were very small, ranging from a sink at 0.12 mg CH4/(m2·hr) to a source at 0.08 mg CH4/(m2·hr) except for one mud-covered site after flood. Mean CH4 emission in flooded drawdown sites was 0.34 mg CH4/(m2·hr). The emissions from the rice paddy sites in the drawdown area were averaged at (4.86 ± 2.31) mg CH4/(m2·hr). Excepting the rice-paddy sites, these results show much lower emission levels than previously reported. Our results indicated considerable spatial and temporal variation in CH4 emissions from the TGR. Human activities and occasional events, such as flood, may also affect emission levels. Long-term CH4 measurements and modeling in a large region are necessary to accurately estimate greenhouse gas emissions from the TGR. | Fei Lu Le Yang Xiaoke Wang Xiaonan Duan Yujing Mu Wenzhi Song Feixiang Zheng Junfeng Niu Lei Tong Hua Zheng Yongjuan Zhou Jiangxiao Qiu Zhiyun Ouyang | 2011 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2011，23，12： | 13 |
| 12 | Formation Mechanism of the High-quality Upper Paleozoic Natural Gas Reservoirs in the Ordos Basin显示文摘The upper Paleozoic natural gas reservoirs in the Ordos basin are generally characterized by a large gas-bearingarea and low reserve abundance. On such a geological background, there still exist gas-enriched zones, with relatively highoutputs, high reserve abundance and stably distributed gas layers. The gas-enriched layers with relatively high permeability (thelower limit permeability is 0.5×10?3 μm2) are key factors for the enrichment and high output of natural gas. Based on coreobservation, analytic results of inclusions, and a great deal of drilling data, we proposed the following four mechanisms for theformation of high-quality reservoirs: (1) in the source area the parent rocks are mainly metamorphic rocks and granites, whichare favorable to keeping primary porosity; (2) under the condition of low A/S (accommodation/sediment supply) ratios,sandstone complex formed due to multistage fluvial stacking and filling are coarse in grain size with a high degree of sorting,low content of mud and good physical properties; (3) early-stage recharge of hydrocarbons restricted compaction andcementation, and thus are favorable to preservation of primary pores; (4) microfractures caused by the activity of basementfaults during the Yanshan Movement stage can not only improve the permeability of tight sandstones, but also afford verticalpathways for hydrocarbon gas migration. | ZHAO Wenzhi WANG Zecheng CHEN Menjin ZHENG Hongju | 2005 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2005，79，6： | 13 |
| 13 | Chinese Stroke Association guidelines for clinical management of cerebrovascular disorders:executive summary and 2019 update of the management of high-risk population显示文摘Aim Cerebrovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in China,causing a huge burden among patients and their families.Hence,stroke prevention is critical,especially in the high-risk population.Here,we present the evidence-based guideline suitable for the Chinese population.Methods Literature search of PubMed and Cochrane library(from January 1964 to June 2019)was done.After thorough discussion among the writing group members,recommendations were listed and summarised.This guideline was reviewed and discussed by the fellow writing committees of the Chinese Stroke Association’s Stroke.Results This evidence-based guideline was written in three parts:controlling the risk factors of stroke,utilisation of antiplatelet agents and assessing the risks of first-ever stroke.All recommendations were listed along with the recommending classes and levels of evidence.Conclusions This guideline provides recommendations for primary prevention of cerebrovascular disease among high-risk population in China.Controlling related risk factors,appropriately using antiplatelet agents,assessing the risk of developing first-ever stroke should help reduce the rate of cerebrovascular disease in China. | Yilong Wang Shangrong Han Haiqiang Qin Huaguang Zheng Bin Jiang Yong Cao Yuan Gao Ling Guan Qian Jia Yong Jiang Yuming Jiao Shuya Li Yapeng Li Zixiao Li Wei Liu Xiaojuan Ru Dongling Sun Haixin Sun Penglian Wang Tingting Wang Lixia Zong Lei Guo Xuewei Xie Yuming Xu Yuyuan Xu Xiaomeng Yang Yingying Yang Mengyuan Zhou Wenzhi Wang Chinese Stroke Association Stroke Council Guideline Writing Committee | 2020 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2020，5，3： | 11 |
| 14 | Terrestrial heat flow in Junggar Basin, Northwest China显示文摘Based on temperature logs of 117 boreholes and thermal conductivity of 119 rock samples, the first group of 35 heat flow data in the Junggar Basin are presented. The thermal gradients vary between 11.6 and 26.5℃/km , and the thermal conductivity changes from 0.17 to 3.6 W/mK. Heat flow ranges from 23.4 to 53.7 mW/m2 with a mean of (42.3±7.7) mW/m2. The heat flow pattern shows that heat flow is higher in the uplifts and lower in the depressions. The factors affecting the heat flow and its distribution include basin type, basement structure, sediment thickness, radioactive heat generation, etc. The overall low present-day heat flow in the Junggar Basin reflected its tectonothermal evolution characterized by lithospheric thickening, thrust and fault at shallow crust as well as consequently quick subsidence during the Late Cenozoic. | WANG Shejiao HU Shengbiao LI Tiejun WANG Jiyang ZHAO Wenzhi | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，19： | 10 |
| 15 | Hydrocarbon generation characteristics and exploration prospects of Proterozoic source rocks in China显示文摘A large number of primary oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered in Proterozoic strata all over the globe.Proterozoic sequences are widely distributed in China, and the discovery of large Sinian-aged gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Mesoproterozoic liquid oil seepages in North China shows that attention should be paid to the exploration potential of Proterozoic strata. In this paper, the main controlling factors of Proterozoic source rocks are discussed. Principally, active atmospheric circulation and astronomical cycles may have driven intense upwelling and runoff to provide nutrients; oxygenated oceanic surface waters could have provided suitable environments for the organisms to thrive; volcanic activity and terrestrial weathering caused by continental break-up would have injected large amounts of nutrients into the ocean, leading to persistent blooms of marine organisms; and extensive anoxic deep waters may have created ideal conditions for the preservation of organic matter. Additionally, the appearance of eukaryotes resulted in diversified hydrocarbon parent material, which effectively improved the generation potential for oil and gas. Through the comparison of Formations across different cratons, seven sets of Proterozoic organic-rich source rocks have been recognized in China, which mainly developed during interglacial periods and are also comparable worldwide. The Hongshuizhuang and Xiamaling Formations in North China have already been identified previously as Mesoproterozoic source rocks. The early Proterozoic Changchengian System is highly promising as a potential source rock in the Ordos Basin. In the Upper Yangtze area, the Neoproterozoic Datangpo and Doushantuo Formations are extensively distributed, and represent the major source rocks for Sinian gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin. Moreover, the Nanhuan System may contain abundant shales with high organic matter contents in the Tarim Basin, although this possibility still needs to be verified. Indeed, all three cratons may contain source rocks of Proterozoic strata; thus, these strata represent major exploration targets worthy of great attention. | Wenzhi ZHAO Xiaomei WANG Suyun HU Shuichang ZHANG Huajian WANG Shuwei GUAN Yuntao YE Rong REN Tongshan WANG | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，6： | 9 |
| 16 | Offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry enabling fourdimensional separation and characterization of the multicomponents from white ginseng and red ginseng显示文摘Inherent complexity of plant metabolites necessitates the use of multi-dimensional information to accomplish comprehensive profiling and confirmative identification.A dimension-enhanced strategy,by offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography/ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(2 D-LC/IM-QTOF-MS)enabling four-dimensional separations(2 D-LC,IM,and MS),is proposed.In combination with in-house database-driven automated peak annotation,this strategy was utilized to characterize ginsenosides simultaneously from white ginseng(WG)and red ginseng(RG).An offline 2 DLC system configuring an Xbridge Amide column and an HSS T3 column showed orthogonality 0.76 in the resolution of ginsenosides.Ginsenoside analysis was performed by data-independent high-definition MSE(HDMSE)in the negative ESI mode on a Vion?IMS-QTOF hybrid high-resolution mass spectrometer,which could better resolve ginsenosides than MSEand directly give the CCS information.An in-house ginsenoside database recording 504 known ginsenosides and 58 reference compounds,was established to assist the identification of ginsenosides.Streamlined workflows,by applying UNIFI?to automatedly annotate the HDMSEdata,were proposed.We could separate and characterize 323 ginsenosides(including 286 from WG and 306 from RG),and 125 thereof may have not been isolated from the Panax genus.The established 2 D-LC/IM-QTOF-HDMSEapproach could also act as a magnifier to probe differentiated components between WG and RG.Compared with conventional approaches,this dimensionenhanced strategy could better resolve coeluting herbal components and more efficiently,more reliably identify the multicomponents,which,we believe,offers more possibilities for the systematic exposure and confirmative identification of plant metabolites. | Tiantian Zuo Chunxia Zhang Weiwei Li Hongda Wang Ying Hu Wenzhi Yang Li Jia Xiaoyan Wang Xiumei Gao Dean Guo | 2020 | Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis2020，10，6： | 9 |
| 17 | A discussion on the upper limit of maturity for gas generation by marine kerogens and the utmost of gas generative potential:Taking the study on the Tarim Basin as an example显示文摘The experimental data yielded by Rock-Eval pyrolysis, kerogen atomic H/C, Py-GC and gold-tube sealing thermal simulation on the marine Cambrian-Ordovician source rock from the Tarim Basin revealed that the upper limit of maturity for natural gas generation or the 'deadline of gas generation' for marine types I and II kerogens is equal to 3.0% of vitrinite reflectance (Ro); while the 'deadline of gas generation' for type III kerogens typically like coals is as high as 10% Ro. Thus, different organic matter has obviously different utmost maturities for gas generation. The mass-balance calculation by kerogen elements showed that when Ro>1.5%, the utmost amount of gas generation for the marine type II kerogen is less than 185 m3/t TOC, accounting for less than 30% of its total hydrocarbon generative potential; when Ro>2.0%, it becomes 110 m3/t TOC, less than 20% of the total hydrocarbon generative potential. The amount of the gas generative potential obtained by Rock-Eval is only around one tenth of the calculated value by the mass balance of kerogen elements at the same thermal evolutionary stage, while those by Py-GC and gold-tube sealing simulation are intervenient between the above two. The utmost of gas generative potential at the over 1.3% Ro stage is around 60―90 m3/t TOC, therefore, the amount of gas generation obtained by Rock-Eval is the minimum of gas generative potential, while that by the mass-balance calculation of kerogen elements is the maximum that the actual amount of gas generation should not exceed. | CHEN JianPing ZHAO WenZhi XIAO ZhongYao ZHANG ShuiChang DENG ChunPing SUN YongGe WANG ZhaoMing | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，A01： | 8 |
| 18 | Cracking conditions of crude oil under different geological environments显示文摘There are mainly 3 kinds of existing states of oil generating from source rocks,that is,dispersive liquid hydrocarbon inside of source rock,dispersive liquid hydrocarbon outside of source rock and concentrated liquid hydrocarbon outside of source rock.Because of the differences in thermal history and medium conditions around,and the interaction of organic and inorganic matter,the liquid hydrocarbon with 3 kinds of existing state has different cracking conditions.The gas generation dynamics experiments of crude oil matching different mediums indicate that the distribution of activation energy of methane changes a lot according to medium difference.The carbonate has a main influence on oil cracking conditions and can largely reduce its activation energy,which reflects the lower cracking temperature of crude oil.The mudstone takes a second place and the sandstone is the smallest.The catalytic cracking function to the oil of the carbonate,of the mudstone and of the sandstone changes weaken in turn.The corresponding Ro values of main gas generation period in different mediums are as follows:1.5%―3.8%with pure crude oil,1.2%―3.2%with dispersive crude oil in carbonate,1.3%~3.4% with dispersive crude oil in mudstone and 1.4%―3.6%with dispersive crude oil in sandstone.The influence of pressure to crude oil cracking is relatively complicated.In the low heating speed condition, pressure restrains the oil cracking and gas generation,but in the high heating speed condition,pressure has an indistinctive influence to the oil cracking and gas generation.Pressure also makes a different effort in different evolvement stage.Taking the middle and lower Cambrian source rocks in the Tarim Basin as an example,primary oil generating quantity is 2232.24×10 8 t,residual oil and oil cracking gas quantity is 806.21×10 8 t and 106.95×10 12 m 3 respectively. | ZHAO WenZhi,WANG ZhaoYun,ZHANG ShuiChang&WANG HongJun Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S1： | 8 |
| 19 | Inner Envelope CHLOROPLAST MANGANESE TRANSPORTER 1 Supports Manganese Homeostasis and Phototrophic Growth in Arabidopsis显示文摘 | Bin Zhang Chi Zhang Congge Liu Yanping Jing Yuan Wang Ling Jin Lei Yang Aigen Fu Jisen Shi Fugeng Zhao Wenzhi Lan Sheng Luan | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，7： | 6 |
| 20 | Intelligent identification of two-dimensional nanostructures by machine-learning optical microscopy显示文摘Two-dimensional (2D)materials and their heterostructures,with wafer-scale synthesis methods and fascinating properties,have attracted significant interest and triggered revolutions in corresponding device applications.However,facile methods to realize accurate,intelligent,and large-area characterizations of these 2D nanostructures are still highly desired.Herein,we report the successful application of machine-learning strategy in the optical identification of 2D nanostructures.The machine-leaming optical identification (MOI)method endows optical microscopy with intelligent insight into the characteristic color information of 2D nanostructures in the optical photograph.The experimental results indicate that the MOI method enables accurate,intelligent,and large-area characterizations of graphene,molybdenum disulfide,and their heterostructures, including identifications of the thickness,existence of impurities,and even stacking order.With the convergence of artificial intelligence and nanoscience,this intelligent identification method can certainly promote fundamental research and wafer-scale device applications of 2D nanostructures. | Xiaoyang Lin Zhizhong Si Wenzhi Fu Jianlei Yang Side Guo Yuan Cao Jin Zhang Xinhe Wang Peng Liu Kaili Jiang Weisheng Zhao | 2018 | Nano Research2018，11，12： | 5 |
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