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| 1 | 地形、邻株植物及自身大小对红楠幼树生长与存活的影响显示文摘在山地森林中,树木生长不仅受地形的影响,也与邻株植物存在各种相互作用,而且具有个体大小依赖性。然而这些影响都具有物种特异性,即不同物种即使在同类地形或与同种植物相邻也会受到不同乃至相反的影响。此外,不同物种个体生长的自身大小依赖性也存在差异。作者利用中欧合作项目'中国亚热带森林生物多样性与生态系统功能实验研究(BEF)'实验样地,以渐危的常绿阔叶木本植物红楠(Machilus thunbergii)为研究对象,连续两年观测了存活的1,452株红楠幼树基径和树高,分析坡向和坡度等地形、邻株植物丰富度及其功能群组成、红楠自身大小对红楠幼树生长和存活率的影响。结果表明:(1)红楠幼树位于阴坡时比位于阳坡具有更高的生长速率和存活率,而坡度只对树高生长量有显著影响;(2)邻株植物物种丰富度对红楠幼树的基径、树高和存活率影响不显著;(3)邻株植物功能类型对红楠幼树生长具有极显著的影响,影响程度大小依次为落叶阔叶型>落叶阔叶与常绿阔叶的混交型>常绿阔叶型>常绿针叶型,而对存活率无显著影响;(4)红楠幼树的生长与自身大小呈正相关幂函数关系,即基径和树高的生长速率都会随着其自身大小的增加而增加。可见,构建树木生长模型,不仅要考虑地形等环境因子差异,而且要充分考虑邻株植物的功能类群差异、邻株植物相互作用的性质和程度,以及自身个体大小等因素,为渐危和濒危树种的保护提供更为可靠的理论依据。 | 童跃伟 项文化 王正文 Walter Durka Markus Fischer | 2013 | 生物多样性2013，21，3： | 14 |
| 2 | Opposing intraspecific vs.interspecific diversity effects on herbivory and growth in subtropical experimental tree assemblages显示文摘Aims Positive plant diversity-ecosystem function relations are ultimately driven by variation in functional traits among individuals that form a community.To date,research has largely focused on the role of species diversity for ecosystem functioning.However,substantial intraspecific trait variation is common and a significant part of this variation caused by genetic differences among individuals.Here,we studied the relative importance of species diversity and seed family(SF)diversity within species for growth and herbivory in experimental subtropical tree assemblages.Methods In 2010,we set up a field experiment in subtropical China,using four species from the local species pool.Trees were raised from seeds,with seeds from the same mother tree forming an SF.We established 23 plots containing one or four species(species diversity treatment)and one or four SFs per species(SF diversity treatment).Tree growth(stem diameter,plant height and crown expansion)and herbivory(percentage leaf loss due to leaf chewers)were monitored annually from 2011 to 2013.Important findings Tree species richness promoted growth but had no effect on herbivory.In contrast,SF diversity reduced growth and increased herbivory but only so in species mixtures.Most of the observed effects were time dependent,with the largest effect found in 2013.Our results suggest that biodiversity can affect plant performance directly via tree species-species interactions,or context dependent,via potential effects on inter-trophic interactions.Two important conclusions should be drawn from our findings.Firstly,in future studies regarding biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)relationships,intraspecific genetic diversity should be given similar weight as species diversity as it has often been neglected and its effects are not well understood.Secondly,we demonstrate opposite effects of biodiversity among and within species,stressing the importance to consider the effects of multiple levels of biodiversity simultaneously. | Christoph Z.Hahn Pascal A.Niklaus Helge Bruelheide Stefan G.Michalski Miaomiao Shi Xuefei Yang Xueqin Zeng Markus Fischer Walter Durka | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 11 |
| 3 | Species-specific effects of genetic diversity and species diversity of experimental communities on early tree performance显示文摘Aims Changing biodiversity can affect ecosystem functioning.However,the role of genetic diversity within species,relative to the one of species diversity,has hardly been addressed.Methods To address the effects of both genetic diversity and species diversity during the important stage of early tree life,we used eight seed families(SF)taken from each of 12 evergreen and deciduous tree species of subtropical forest to perform a factorial experiment.We established 264 communities of 16 trees each.Each community had a species diversity of either one or four species and a genetic diversity of either one,two or four SF per species.We measured plant survival,growth rate,final biomass and herbivory 20 months after sowing.Important Findings Species differed from each other in biomass,growth rate,herbivory and survival(P<0.001).Deciduous species tended to have much higher biomass(P<0.1)and experienced higher herbivory(P<0.05)than evergreen species.Species diversity affected the performance of different species differently(species diversity by species interaction,P<0.001 for all variables but survival).Biomass differed between SF and increasing genetic diversity from one to two,and from two to four,SF per species increased biomass for some species and decreased it for others(P<0.001).Our study showed pronounced species-specific responses of early tree performance to species diversity and less pronounced responses to genetic diversity.These species-specific responses suggest feedbacks of species diversity and genetic diversity on future species composition. | Xueqin Zeng Walter Durka Markus Fischer | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 8 |
| 4 | Genetic diversity and differentiation follow secondary succession in a multi-species study on woody plants from subtropical China显示文摘Aims Species diversity and genetic diversity may be affected in parallel by similar environmental drivers.However,genetic diversity may also be affected independently by habitat characteristics.We aim at disentangling relationships between genetic diversity,species diversity and habitat characteristics of woody species in subtropical forest.Methods We studied 11 dominant tree and shrub species in 27 plots in Gutianshan,China,and assessed their genetic diversity(A_(r))and population differentiation(F′_(ST))with microsatellite markers.We tested if Ar and population specific F′_(ST) were correlated to local species diversity and plot characteristics.Multi-model inference and model averaging were used to determine the relative importance of each predictor.Additionally,we tested for isolation-by-distance(IBD)and isolation-by-elevation by regressing pairwise F′_(ST) against pairwise spatial and elevational distances.Important Findings Genetic diversity was not related to species diversity for any of the study species.Thus,our results do not support joint effects of habitat characteristics on these two levels of biodiversity.Instead,genetic diversity in two understory shrubs,Rhododendron simsii and Vaccinium carlesii,was affected by plot age with decreasing genetic diversity in successionally older plots.Population differentiation increased with plot age in R.simsii and Lithocarpus glaber.This shows that succession can reduce genetic diversity within,and increase genetic diversity between populations.Furthermore,we found four cases of IBD and two cases of isolation-by-elevation.The former indicates inefficient pollen and seed dispersal by animals whereas the latter might be due to phenological asynchronies.These patterns indicate that succession can affect genetic diversity without parallel effects on species diversity and that gene flow in a continuous subtropical forest can be restricted even at a local scale. | Christoph Z.Hahn Stefan G.Michalski Markus Fischer Walter Durka | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 5 |
| 5 | Heritability of early growth traits and their plasticity in 14 woody species of Chinese subtropical forest显示文摘Aims Genetic variation in plant traits represents the raw material for future adaptive evolution.Its extent can be estimated as heritability based on the performance of experimental plants of known relatedness,such as maternal half-sib seed families.While there is considerable heritability information for herbaceous plants and commercially important trees,little is known for woody species of natural subtropical forest.Moreover,it is open whether heritability is higher for species with r-or K-strategies,for more common species with larger distribution ranges than for rarer ones,or for populations closer to the centres of distributional ranges.Methods For 14 woody species in Chinese subtropical forest,we collected 13-38 maternal seed families,assessed seed size,grew replicates of each seed family in one more and one less benign nursery environment and measured stem diameter and plant height after 7 months.Important findings For the different species,plants grew 1.8-8.1 times taller in the more benign environment.For all 14 species,variation between seed families(and thus heritability)was significant(with very few exceptions at the P<0.001 level)for seed size and for stem diameter and plant height in both nurseries.Moreover,significant seed family by nursery interactions for stem diameter and plant height for all species(P<0.001)indicated significant heritability for plasticity in these traits.Multiple regression analysis suggests that heritabilities were higher for species with higher age at reproduction and higher wood density(traits indicating a K strategy)but also for species with higher specific leaf area(a trait rather indicating an r strategy).Furthermore,heritabilities were higher for species with larger range sizes,while there was no significant relationship between heritabilities and the distance of the study area to the range margins of our study species.In conclusion,the detected large heritability estimates suggest considerable potential for the evolution of plant performance and its plasticity for trees of subtropical forest.Moreover,our study shows that the simple method of comparing plants of different maternal seed families is valuable to address evolutionary ecological questions for so far understudied species. | Xueqin Zeng Walter Durka Erik Welk Markus Fischer | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 4 |
| 6 | Species diversity and population density affect genetic structure and gene dispersal in a subtropical understory shrub显示文摘Aims The dispersal of pollen and seeds is spatially restricted and may vary among plant populations because of varying biotic interactions,population histories or abiotic conditions.Because gene dispersal is spatially restricted,it will eventually result in the development of spatial genetic structure(SGS),which in turn can allow insights into gene dispersal processes.Here,we assessed the effect of habitat characteristics like population density and community structure on small-scale SGS and estimate historical gene dispersal at different spatial scales.Methods In a set of 12 populations of the subtropical understory shrub Ardisia crenata,we assessed genetic variation at 7 microsatellite loci within and among populations.We investigated small-scale genetic structure with spatial genetic autocorrelation statistics and heterogeneity tests and estimated gene dispersal distances based on population differentiation and on within-population SGS.SGS was related to habitat characteristics by multiple regression.Important Findings The populations showed high genetic diversity(He=0.64)within populations and rather strong genetic differentiation(F#ST=0.208)among populations,following an isolation-by-distance pattern,which suggests that populations are in gene flow–drift equilibrium.Significant SGS was present within populations(mean Sp=0.027).Population density and species diversity had a joint effect on SGS with low population density and high species diversity leading to stronger small-scale SGS.Estimates of historical gene dispersal from between-population differentiation and from within-population SGS resulted in similar values between 4.8 and 22.9 m.The results indicate that local-ranged pollen dispersal and inefficient long-distance seed dispersal,both affected by population density and species diversity,contributed to the genetic population structure of the species.We suggest that SGS in shrubs is more similar to that of herbs than to trees and that in communities with high species diversity gene flow is more restricted than at low species diversity.This may represent a process that retards the development of a positive species diversity–genetic diversity relationship. | Xueqin Zeng Stefan G.Michalski Markus Fischer Walter Durka | 2012 | Journal of Plant Ecology2012，5，3： | 2 |
| 7 | Differential impacts of adult trees on offspring and non-offspring recruits in a subtropical forest显示文摘An important mechanism promoting species coexistence is conspecific negative density dependence(CNDD),which inhibits conspecific neighbors by accumulating host-specific enemies near adult trees.Natural enemies may be genotype-specific and regulate offspring dynamics more strongly than non-offspring,which is often neglected due to the difficulty in ascertaining genetic relatedness.Here,we investigated whether offspring and non-offspring of a dominant species,Castanopsis eyrei,suffered from different strength of CNDD based on parentage assignment in a subtropical forest.We found decreased recruitment efficiency(proxy of survival probability)of offspring compared with non-offspring near adult trees during the seedling-sapling transition,suggesting genotype-dependent interactions drive tree demographic dynamics.Furthermore,the genetic similarity between individuals of same cohort decreased in late life history stages,indicating genetic-relatedness-dependent tree mortality throughout ontogeny.Our results demonstrate that within-species genetic relatedness significantly affects the strength of CNDD,implying genotype-specific natural enemies may contribute to population dynamics in natural forests. | Fang Wang Xiangcheng Mi Lei Chen Wubing Xu Walter Durka Nathan GSwenson Daniel JJohnson Samantha JWorthy Jianhua Xue Yan Zhu Bernhard Schmid Yu Liang Keping Ma | 2022 | Science China(Life Sciences)2022，65，10： | 0 |
| 8 | Deep phylogeographic splits and limited mixing by sea surface currents govern genetic population structure in the mangrove genus Lumnitzera(Combretaceae)across the Indonesian Archipelago显示文摘The Indonesian Archipelago accommodates the largest mangrove area in Southeast Asia and possesses the world's richest composition of mangrove species.The archipelago comprises areas of the biogeographic regions Sunda and Wallacea,separated by Wallace's line.Here,we used the true mangrove species Lumnitzera littorea and Lumnitzera racemosa as a study case for understanding the effects of phylogeographic history,sea surface currents,and geographical distance on genetic diversity and genetic structure.We sampled 14 populations of L.littorea(N=106)and 21 populations of L.racemosa(N=152)from Indonesia and used 3122 and 3048 SNP loci,respectively,genotyped using the ddRADseq approach.We assessed genetic diversity,genetic structure,and effective dispersal of the populations and related them to geographical distance and sea surface currents.Our study revealed low levels of genetic variation at the population level in Lumnitzera.Pronounced genetic differentiation between populations indicated two phylogroups in both species.While in L.littorea the two phylogroups were largely separated by Wallace's line,L.racemosa showed a northwest vs.southeast pattern with strong mixture in Wallacea.Our findings provide novel insights into the phylogeography of the mangrove genus Lumnitzera and the role of sea surface currents in the Indonesian Archipelago. | Jeprianto Manurung Blanca M.Rojas Andrés Christopher D.Barratt Jan Schnitzler Bror F.Jönsson Ruliyana Susanti Walter Durka Alexandra N.Muellner-Riehl | 2023 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2023，61，2： | 0 |
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