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1Global Wheat Head Detection(GWHD)Dataset:A Large and Diverse Dataset of High-Resolution RGB-Labelled Images to Develop and Benchmark Wheat Head Detection Methods显示文摘The detection of wheat heads in plant images is an important task for estimating pertinent wheat traits including head population density and head characteristics such as health,size,maturity stage,and the presence of awns.Several studies have developed methods for wheat head detection from high-resolution RGB imagery based on machine learning algorithms.However,these methods have generally been calibrated and validated on limited datasets.High variability in observational conditions,genotypic differences,development stages,and head orientation makes wheat head detection a challenge for computer vision.Further,possible blurring due to motion or wind and overlap between heads for dense populations make this task even more complex.Through a joint international collaborative effort,we have built a large,diverse,and well-labelled dataset of wheat images,called the Global Wheat Head Detection(GWHD)dataset.It contains 4700 high-resolution RGB images and 190000 labelled wheat heads collected from several countries around the world at different growth stages with a wide range of genotypes.Guidelines for image acquisition,associating minimum metadata to respect FAIR principles,and consistent head labelling methods are proposed when developing new head detection datasets.The GWHD dataset is publicly available at http://www.global-wheat.com/and aimed at developing and benchmarking methods for wheat head detection.Etienne David Simon Madec Pouria Sadeghi-Tehran Helge Aasen Bangyou Zheng Shouyang Liu Norbert Kirchgessner Goro Ishikawa Koichi Nagasawa Minhajul A.Badhon Curtis Pozniak Benoit de Solan Andreas Hund Scott C.Chapman Frédéric Baret Ian Stavness Wei Guo 2020Plant Phenomics2020,2,1:13
2Global Wheat Head Detection 2021:An Improved Dataset for Benchmarking Wheat Head Detection Methods显示文摘The Global Wheat Head Detection(GWHD)dataset was created in 2020 and has assembled 193,634 labelled wheat heads from 4700 RGB images acquired from various acquisition platforms and 7 countries/institutions.With an associated competition hosted in Kaggle,GWHD_2020 has successfully attracted attention from both the computer vision and agricultural science communities.From this first experience,a few avenues for improvements have been identified regarding data size,head diversity,and label reliability.To address these issues,the 2020 dataset has been reexamined,relabeled,and complemented by adding 1722 images from 5 additional countries,allowing for 81,553 additional wheat heads.We now release in 2021 a new version of the Global Wheat Head Detection dataset,which is bigger,more diverse,and less noisy than the GWHD_2020 version.Etienne David Mario Serouart Daniel Smith Simon Madec Kaaviya Velumani Shouyang Liu Xu Wang Francisco Pinto Shahameh Shafiee Izzat SATahir Hisashi Tsujimoto Shuhei Nasuda Bangyou Zheng Norbert Kirchgessner Helge Aasen Andreas Hund Pouria Sadhegi-Tehran Koichi Nagasawa Goro Ishikawa Sébastien Dandrifosse Alexis Carlier Benjamin Dumont Benoit Mercatoris Byron Evers Ken Kuroki Haozhou Wang Masanori Ishii Minhajul ABadhon Curtis Pozniak David Shaner LeBauer Morten Lillemo Jesse Poland Scott Chapman Benoit de Solan Frédéric Baret Ian Stavness Wei Guo 2021Plant Phenomics2021,3,1:2
3The solar wind plasma upstream of Mars observed by Tianwen-1:Comparison with Mars Express and MAVEN显示文摘On the great journey to Mars,China’s first planetary exploration mission,the Tianwen-1 came within 26 million kilometers of Mars from 31 October 2020 to 25 January 2021 and was getting closer to its destination,the red planet,in search of answers to the cataclysmic climate change that occurred in Martian history.Both the escape of the Martian atmosphere and the loss of surface water were firmly influenced by solar activities.Tianwen-1 provided a unique chance to depict the solar wind streams between Earth and Mars during the minimum of Solar Cycle 25.During the three-month cruise phase of Tianwen-1,the solar wind flows were successively observed at Earth,Tianwen-1,and Mars.After the field of view correction and noise reduction,the solar wind velocity and density measured by Tianwen-1 show good agreement with those at Earth and Mars.The results indicate that the performance of the ion analyzer onboard the Tianwen-1 orbiter is reliable and stable.It is worth looking forward to the joint observations of ion escape with other Mars probes in the following Martian years.Kai FAN Limei YAN Yong WEI Aibing ZHANG Linggao KONG Markus FRÄNZ Fei HE Lihui CHAI Chongjing YUAN Yuqi WANG Jun ZHONG Zhaojin RONG Zhonghua YAO Yongxin PAN Jun CUI Jiansen HE Wenya LI Binbin TANG Chi WANG 2022Science China Earth Sciences2022,65,4:2
4Engineering of dendritic dopant-free hole transport molecules:enabling ultrahigh fill factor in perovskite solar cells with optimized dendron construction显示文摘Developing dopant-free hole-transporting materials(HTMs)for high-performance perovskite solar cells(PVSCs)has been a very active research topic in recent years since HTMs play a critical role in optimizing interfacial charge carrier kinetics and in turn determining device performance.Here,a novel dendritic engineering strategy is first utilized to design HTMs with a D-A type molecular framework,and diphenylamine and/or carbazole is selected as the building block for constructing dendrons.All HTMs show good thermal stability and excellent film morphology,and the key optoelectronic properties could be fine-tuned by varying the dendron structure.Among them,MPA-Cz-BTI and MCz-Cz-BTI exhibit an improved interfacial contact with the perovskite active layer,and non-radiative recombination loss and charge transport loss can be effectively suppressed.Consequently,high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of 20.8%and 21.35%are achieved for MPA-Cz-BTI and MCz-Cz-BTI based devices,respectively,accompanied by excellent long-term storage stability.More encouragingly,ultrahigh fill factors of 85.2%and 83.5%are recorded for both devices,which are among the highest values reported to date.This work demonstrates the great potential of dendritic materials as a new type of dopant-free HTMs for high-performance PVSCs with excellent FF.Wei Chen Yang Wang Bin Liu Yajun Gao Ziang Wu Yongqiang Shi Yumin Tang Kun Yang Yujie Zhang Weipeng Sun Xiyuan Feng Frédéric Laquai Han Young Woo Aleksandra B.Djurisic Xugang Guo Zhubing He 2021Science China Chemistry2021,64,1:2
5Relation between water content in acetone/alcohol-based primer and interfacial ultrastructure 显示文摘Tay FR Gwinnett JA Wei SH 1998J Dent1998,26,2:1
6The overwet phenomenon in two-component acetone -based primers containing aryl amine and carboxylic acid monomers 显示文摘Tay FR Gwinnett JA Wei SH 1997Dent Mater1997,13,2:1
7Bridging the gap between overly dry and overwet bonding phenomenon of dentin hybridization and tubular seal显示文摘Gwinnett A J Tay FR Wei SHY 1996Tokyo: Quintessence1996,15,5:1
8Gas chromatographic analysis of histamine in mahi-mahi(Coryohaena hippurus) 显示文摘Antoine FR Wei CI Otwell WS 2002J Agric Food Chem2002,50,:1
9Indirect posterior restorations using a new chairside microhybrid resin composite system显示文摘Tay FR Wei SH 2001J Adhes Dent2001,3,1:1
10Cardiovascular effects of oxytocin显示文摘Weis FR Jr Markello R Mo B 1975Obstet Gynecol1975,46,2:1
11Analytical and computational modelling for wave energy systems:the example of oscillating wave surge converters显示文摘The development of new wave energy converters has shed light on a number of unanswered questions in fluid mechanics, but has also identified a number of new issues of importance for their future deployment. The main concerns relevant to the practical use of wave energy converters are sustainability, survivability, and maintainability. Of course,it is also necessary to maximize the capture per unit area of the structure as well as to minimize the cost. In this review, we consider some of the questions related to the topics of sustainability, survivability, and maintenance access, with respect to sea conditions, for generic wave energy converters with an emphasis on the oscillating wave surge converter. New analytical models that have been developed are a topic of particular discussion. It is also shown how existing numerical models have been pushed to their limits to provide answers to open questions relating to the operation and characteristics of wave energy converters.Frédéric Dias Emiliano Renzi Sarah Gallagher Dripta Sarkar Yanji Wei Thomas Abadie Cathal Cummins Ashkan Rafiee 2017Acta Mechanica Sinica2017,33,4:1
12Endogenous or3 polyunsaturated fat- ty acid production confers resistance to obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes in mice显示文摘Li J Li FR Wei D 2014Mol Endocrinol2014,28,8:1
13Indirect posterior restorations using a newchairside microhybid resin composit system显示文摘Tay FR Wei SH 2001J Adhes Dent2001,3,1:1
14The overwet phenomenon:a transmission electron microscopic study of surface moisture in the acid-conditioned,resin-dentin interface显示文摘Tay FR Gwinnett AJ Wei SH 0,,04:1
15Relation between water content in acetone/ alcohol- based primer and interfacial ultrastructure 显示文摘Tay FR Gwinnett JA Wei SH 1998J Dent1998,26,2:1
16Intubation by use of the light wand:experience in 253 patients 显示文摘Weis FR Hatton MN 1989J Oral Maxillofac Surg1989,47,:1
17Ultrastructure of the resin-dentin interface following reversible and irreversible rewetting 显示文摘Tay FR Gwinnett A J Wei SH 1997Am J Dent1997,10,2:1
18Micromorphological spectrum from overdrying to overwetting acid-conditioned dentin in water-free acetone-based, single-bottle primer/adhesives 显示文摘Tay FR Gwinnett JA Wei SH 1996Dent Mater1996,12,4:1
19Influence of land use change on soil nutrients in an intensive agricul-tural region of North China显示文摘Kong XB Hang FR Wei Q Xu Y Hui JG 2006Soil and Tillage Research2006,88,12:1
20Cardiovascular effects of oxytocin 显示文摘Weis FR Jr Markello R Mo B 1975Obstet Gynecol1975,46,2:1
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