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| 1 | Global methane and nitrous oxide emissions from terrestrial ecosystems due to multiple environmental changes显示文摘Greenhouse gas(GHG)-induced climate change is among the most pressing sustainability challenges facing humanity today,posing serious risks for ecosystem health.Methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)are the two most important GHGs after carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),but their regional and global budgets are not well known.In this study,we applied a process-based coupled biogeochemical model to concurrently estimate the magnitude and spatial and temporal patterns of CH_(4)and N_(2)O fluxes as driven by multiple environmental changes,including climate variability,rising atmospheric CO_(2),increasing nitrogen deposition,tropospheric ozone pollution,land use change,and nitrogen fertilizer use.The estimated CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions from global land ecosystems during 1981-2010 were 144.39±12.90 Tg C/yr(mean 62 SE;1 Tg=1012 g)and 12.52±0.74 Tg N/yr,respectively.Our simulations indicated a significant(P,0.01)annually increasing trend for CH_(4)(0.43±0.06 Tg C/yr)and N_(2)O(0.14±0.02 Tg N/yr)in the study period.CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions increased significantly in most climatic zones and continents,especially in the tropical regions and Asia.The most rapid increase in CH_(4)emission was found in natural wetlands and rice fields due to increased rice cultivation area and climate warming.N_(2)O emission increased substantially in all the biome types and the largest increase occurred in upland crops due to increasing air temperature and nitrogen fertilizer use.Clearly,the three major GHGs(CH_(4),N_(2)O,and CO_(2))should be simultaneously considered when evaluating if a policy is effective to mitigate climate change. | Hanqin Tian Guangsheng Chen Chaoqun Lu Xiaofeng Xu Wei Ren Bowen Zhang Kamaljit Banger Bo Tao Shufen Pan Mingliang Liu Chi Zhang Lori Bruhwiler Steven Wofsy | 2015 | Ecosystem Health and Sustainability2015，1，1： | 7 |
| 2 | Regulatory Tcells as therapeutic targets in rheumatoid arthritis 显示文摘 | Esensten J H Wofsy D Bluestore J A | 2009 | NatRev Rheumatol2009，5，10： | 1 |
| 3 | Tropospheric chemistry: a global perspective 显示文摘 | J A Logan M J Prather S C Wofsy | 1981 | J Geophys Res1981，86，8： | 1 |
| 4 | Treatment of murine lupus with monoclonal anti-T cell antibody显示文摘 | Wofsy D Ledbetter JA Hendler PL | 1985 | Immunol1985，134，2： | 1 |
| 5 | The CD28-B7 costimulatory pathway and its role in autoimmune disese 显示文摘 | Daikh D Wofsy D Imboden JB | 1997 | J Leukoc Biol1997，62，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Biogenic gases and the oxidation and reduction of carbon in Amazon River and floodplain waters显示文摘 | Richey J E Devol A H Wofsy S C etal | 1988 | Limnology and Oceanography1988，33，： | 1 |
| 7 | Atmospheric distributionof 85Kr simulated with a general circulation model 显示文摘 | Jacob D J Prather M J Wofsy S C | 1987 | Journal of Geophysical Research1987，92，： | 1 |
| 8 | Block and tackle:CTLA4Ig takes on lupus显示文摘 | Davidson A Diamond B Wofsy D | 2005 | Lupus2005，14，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Treatment of murine lupus with CTLA4Ig显示文摘 | Finck BK Linsley PS Wofsy D | 1994 | Science1994，265，5176： | 1 |
| 10 | Photochemistry of biogenic emissions over the Amazon forest 显示文摘 | JACOB D J WOFSY S C | 1988 | Journal of Geographical Research1988，93，： | 1 |
| 11 | Treatment of murine lupus with CTLA4Ig 显示文摘 | Finck BK Linsley PS Wofsy D | 1994 | Science1994，，5176： | 1 |
| 12 | Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw 显示文摘 | Goulden M L Wofsy S C Harden J W | 1998 | Science1998，279，： | 1 |
| 13 | High sensitivity of peat de- composition to climate change through water-table feedback显示文摘 | Ise T Dunn A L Wofsy S C | 2008 | Nature Geoscience2008，，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Net exchange of CO2 in a mid-latitude forest显示文摘 | Wofsy S C Goulden M L Munger J W | 1993 | Science1993，260，： | 1 |
| 15 | Emissions of N2O, CH4 and CO2 from tropical forest soils显示文摘 | KELLER M KAPLAN W A WOFSY S C | 1986 | J Geophys Res1986，，11： | 1 |
| 16 | Cutting edge:reversal of murine lupus nephritis with CTLA4Ig and cyclophosphamide显示文摘 | Wofsy D | 2001 | J Immunol2001，166，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Factors controlling the concentrations of soluble phosphorus in the Mississippi Estuary 显示文摘 | Fox L E Sager S L Wofsy S C | 1985 | Limnology and Oceanography1985，30，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Nonrenal disease activity following mycophenolate mofetil or intravenous cyclophosphamide as induction treatment for lupus nephritis:findings in a multicenter,prospective,randomized,open-label,parallel group clinical trial显示文摘 | Ginzler EM Wofsy D Isenberg D | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 19 | The chemical control of soluble phosphorus in the Amazon estuary 显示文摘 | Fox L E Sager S L and Wofsy S C | 1986 | Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta1986，50，5： | 1 |
| 20 | The CD28-B7 costimulatory pathway and its role in autoimmune disease 显示文摘 | Wofsy D Imboden JB | 1997 | J Leukoc Biol1997，62，2： | 1 |
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