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| 1 | Preparation of Ti_2AlC MAX Phase Coating by DC Magnetron Sputtering Deposition and Vacuum Heat Treatment显示文摘Due to the excellent corrosion resistance and high irradiation damage resistance,Ti_2AlC MAX phase is considered as a candidate for applications as corrosion resistant and irradiation resistant protective coating.MAX phase coatings can be fabricated through firstly depositing a coating containing the three elements M,A,and X close to stoichiometry of the MAX phases using physical vapor deposition,followed by heat treatment in vacuum.In this work,Ti-Al-C coating was prepared on austenitic stainless steels by reactive DC magnetron sputtering with a compound Ti_(50)Al_(50) target,and CH4 used as the reactive gas.It was found that the as-deposited coating is mainly composed of Ti_3AlC antiperovskite phase with supersaturated solid solution of Al.Additionally,the ratio of Ti/Al remained the same as that of the target composition.Nevertheless,a thicker thermally grown Ti_2AlC MAX phase coating was obtained after being annealed at 800℃ in vacuum for 1 h.Meanwhile,the ratio of Ti/Al became close to stoichiometry of Ti_2AlC MAX phases.It can be understood that owing to the higher activity of Al,it diffused quickly into the substrate during annealing,and then more stable Ti_2AlC MAX phases transformed from the Ti_3AlC antiperovskite phase. | Zongjian Feng Peiling Ke Aiying Wang | 2015 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2015，31，12： | 10 |
| 2 | The 2020/21 Extremely Cold Winter in China Influenced by the Synergistic Effect of La Niña and Warm Arctic显示文摘In the first half of winter 2020/21,China has experienced an extremely cold period across both northern and southern regions,with record-breaking low temperatures set in many stations of China.Meanwhile,a moderate La Niña event which exceeded both oceanic and atmospheric thresholds began in August 2020 and in a few months developed into its mature phase,just prior to the 2020/21 winter.In this report,the mid−high-latitude large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere,which were forced by the negative phase of Arctic Oscillation,a strengthened Siberian High,an intensified Ural High and a deepened East Asian Trough,are considered to be the direct reason for the frequent cold surges in winter 2020/21.At the same time,the synergistic effect of the warm Arctic and the cold tropical Pacific(La Niña)provided an indispensable background,at a hemispheric scale,to intensify the atmospheric circulation anomalies in middle-to-high latitudes.In the end,a most recent La Niña prediction is provided and the on-coming evolution of climate is discussed for the remaining part of the 2020/21 winter for the purpose of future decision-making and early warning. | Fei ZHENG Yuan YUAN Yihui DING Kexin LI Xianghui FANG Yuheng ZHAO Yue SUN Jiang ZHU Zongjian KE Ji WANG Xiaolong JIA | 2022 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2022，39，4： | 7 |
| 3 | Predictability of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High Associated with Different ENSO Phases in GloSea5显示文摘The western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) dominates the summer climate over East Asia. The intensity,position, and shape of WNPSH influence the spatiotemporal distributions of precipitation, temperature, and tropical cyclone activities in this region. This paper intends to investigate the performance of the UK Met Office Global Seasonal forecast system version 5(GloSea5) in simulation/prediction of the WNPSH based on a hindcast dataset. Analyses of the hindcast data show a systematic bias in the mean circulation over West Pacific, with negative geopotential height anomalies over the western North Pacific(WNP) and cyclonic anomalies in the 850-hPa winds and water vapor transport, indicating a weakening and eastward shift of the WNPSH. Despite the model’s bias in the climatology, it well captured the interannual variability of the monthly and seasonal-mean intensity of the WNPSH and the position of its ridge line in boreal summer from 1993 to 2015. The seasonal hindcasts indicate that there is significant prediction skill at up to three-month lead time for both the intensity and position of the WNPSH ridge line. The relationship between the WNPSH and different phases of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) in both the observational data and GloSea5 hindcasts was then investigated. The model captured the summer WNPSH anomalies well during most of the ENSO phases, except in the La Nina decaying and neutral summers. The intensity of the anticyclone in the WNP is weak in the decaying phase of El Nino in the GloSea5 hindcasts compared with the reanalysis data. GloSea5 is capable of representing the lagged teleconnection between El Nino events in the previous winter and the intensity of the WNPSH in the following summer. Regression analysis reveals weakened negative sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs) over the WNP in GloSea5, which reduced the gradient between the tropical western Pacific and the tropical Indian Ocean, resulting in a weaker easterly anomaly and stronger westerly anomaly, contributing to the weak anomalous anticyclone over the WNP and the weakened WNPSH relative to the reanalysis data. | Daquan ZHANG Gill M.MARTIN Jose MRODRIGUEZ Zongjian KE Lijuan CHEN | 2020 | Journal of Meteorological Research2020，34，5： | 2 |
| 4 | Seasonal Prediction Skill and Biases in GloSea5 Relating to the East Asia Winter Monsoon显示文摘The simulation and prediction of the climatology and interannual variability of the East Asia winter monsoon(EAWM),as well as the associated atmospheric circulation,was investigated using the hindcast data from Global Seasonal Forecast System version 5(GloSea5),with a focus on the evolution of model bias among different forecast lead times.While GloSea5 reproduces the climatological means of large-scale circulation systems related to the EAWM well,systematic biases exist,including a cold bias for most of China’s mainland,especially for North and Northeast China.GloSea5 shows robust skill in predicting the EAWM intensity index two months ahead,which can be attributed to the performance in representing the leading modes of surface air temperature and associated background circulation.GloSea5 realistically reproduces the synergistic effect of El Niño–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and the Arctic Oscillation(AO)on the EAWM,especially for the western North Pacific anticyclone(WNPAC).Compared with the North Pacific and North America,the representation of circulation anomalies over Eurasia is poor,especially for sea level pressure(SLP),which limits the prediction skill for surface air temperature over East Asia.The representation of SLP anomalies might be associated with the model performance in simulating the interaction between atmospheric circulations and underlying surface conditions. | Daquan ZHANG Lijuan CHEN Gill MMARTIN Zongjian KE | 2023 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2023，40，11： | 1 |
| 5 | Climate Services for Water Resource Management in China: The Case Study of Danjiangkou Reservoir显示文摘The efficiencies and effectiveness of water resource management are inextricably linked to climate services. This study demonstrates a climate information service for Danjiangkou Reservoir, which is the largest artificial lake in Asia, facing mounting challenges for flood control, water storage, and water diversion. Unlike traditional water resource management on the basis of short-term weather forecast and runoff monitoring, subseasonal to seasonal(S2S)and annual climate predictions as well as long-term climate change projections were well used to support the decision makers in Danjiangkou Reservoir. The National Climate Center(NCC) has projected the changes of future climate and extreme events by dynamically downscaling the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5(CMIP5)projections to 25-km resolution for the long-term planning of water resource management in Danjiangkou Reservoir.Real-time climate predictions based on climate models and downscaling interpretation and application methods at different timescales were also provided to meet the specific needs of earlier predictions and spatial refinement for the short-term diversion of the reservoir. Our results show that such climate services facilitated the Diversion Center of Danjiangkou Reservoir(DCDR) to reasonably control the operational water level, increased the ecological water supply to the northern portion of China by 844 million m^(3), and reduced as much as 1.67 billion m^(3) of abandoned water in 2019. In the future, it is necessary to develop climate prediction methods to increase spatial and temporal resolutions and prediction skills, and enhance interactions between providers and users. | Yujie WANG Xiang LI Song LIU Zhenyu HAN Lianchun SONG Zongjian KE Keyao CHEN | 2021 | Journal of Meteorological Research2021，35，1： | 0 |
| 6 | Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation and Its Possible Impact on Precipitation over Southern China in 2019显示文摘Based on daily precipitation observation data in China,the intraseasonal oscillation(ISO)features of summer precipitation over southern China in 2019 have been investigated by wavelet and band-pass filtering analyses.The results show that enhanced(suppressed)precipitation occurred over southern China during early(late)boreal summer2019.The signals of both 10-20-and 30-60-day ISO in southern China are remarkable,with the amplitude of the10-20-day ISO larger than the 30-60-day ISO in boreal summer 2019.The synergistic effect of the 10-20-and 30-60-day ISO wet phases was found to exert a tremendous influence on persistent heavy precipitation in July 2019,when the amount of precipitation reached its maximum in southern China since 1981.The atmospheric circulation and convection evolution characteristics of both 10-20-and 30-60-day ISO are further investigated.An anomalous low-level anticyclone over the South China Sea is prominently linked to the wet phase of the 10-20-day ISO,whereas an anomalous low-level cyclone over southern China is dominantly associated with the wet phase of the 30-60-day ISO.Both events enhance the water vapor convergence and ascending motion over southern China.Thus,the atmospheric circulation that accompanied the synergism of the wet phases of the 10-20-and 30-60-day ISO resulted in persistent heavy precipitation over southern China in July 2019. | Jieli HONG Zongjian KE Yuan YUAN Xie SHAO | 2021 | Journal of Meteorological Research2021，35，4： | 0 |
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