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| 1 | 氨混合燃料体系的性能研究现状显示文摘氨不仅是一种成本低廉的化工原料,而且由于具有较高的能量密度、易于储运、燃烧不产生CO_(2)等优点被认为是一种有广泛应用前景的清洁燃料。氨燃料具有替代汽油、柴油等化石燃料的应用潜力,为解决环境污染和化石能源短缺等问题提供了新的途径。本文概述了氨燃料的理化特性、燃烧特性以及与多种材料的相容性,介绍了氨作为调合燃料的性能及应用研究进展,尤其对氨-汽油燃料、氨-柴油燃料、氨-正庚烷燃料等燃料体系的研究成果进行了总结。文章集中分析了氨作为发动机燃料的机遇和挑战,尤其指出了氨燃料的生产高能耗、毒性及腐蚀性、氨的燃烧缺陷等问题,并探讨了对应的解决方案。在碳达峰、碳中和的大背景下,氨燃料在我国的发展具有后发优势。 | 夏鑫 蔺建民 李妍 陶志平 | 2022 | 化工进展2022，41，5： | 9 |
| 2 | 电催化合成氨研究进展显示文摘电催化氮还原合成氨在常压下进行,能克服高耗能、高CO_(2)排放等问题,是最有希望替代传统方法的新型技术之一。用于电催化合成氨反应的电解质材料按照工作原理和组成可以分为固体氧化物电解质、熔融盐电解质、聚合物膜电解质以及液体电解质等,工作温度依次降低。本文从电解质出发,综述了电催化合成氨工作原理、电极材料、生产速率和法拉第效率等方面的前沿理论和应用案例,指出了目前电催化氮还原合成氨领域面临着合成氨速率和法拉第效率低、电解质的质子传导效率不足、催化剂活性及稳定性不良等问题以及低温化的研究趋势,为深入探索电催化合成氨新方法提供理论支持和方向引导。 | 范文龙 李林哲 薛志伟 孟秀霞 张津津 于方永 杨乃涛 | 2021 | 化工进展2021，40，6： | 5 |
| 3 | Layered double hydroxide-based photocatalytic materials toward renewable solar fuels production显示文摘Photocatalysis is an ideal and promising green technology to drive numerous chemical reactions for valued chemicals production under very mild conditions,thereby providing solutions to global energy and environment issues related to burning fossil fuels.Over the past decade,layered double hydroxides(LDHs),as the members in two-dimensional materials family,have attracted much attention due to their many advantages in photocatalysis,such as facile synthesis,low cost and powerful tunability of composition.In this review,we provide a synthetic overview of recent research advances of LDH-based photocatalysts,with the main discussion of the design strategies to improve their photocatalytic performance,including component control,defect engineering,hybridization,and topological transformation.Structure-performance correlations and tailor-made material synthesis strategies are elaborated to discuss how to realize high-performance LDH-based photocatalysts for three important reactions(i.e.,water splitting,CO_(2)conversion,and N2 reduction)to generate desirable solar fuels.Further,the remaining challenges and future perspectives of LDH-based photocatalysts are summed up,aiming to inspire brand new solutions for pushing forward the development of LDH-based photocatalysis. | Xuanang Bian Shuai Zhang Yunxuan Zhao Run Shi Tierui Zhang | 2021 | InfoMat2021，3，7： | 5 |
| 4 | Ru-doped phosphorene for electrochemical ammonia synthesis显示文摘The electrochemical ammonia synthesis has attracted increasing attention due to its energy saving characteristics.However,developing novel electrocatalysts and their mechanism remain great challenges.Here,several transition metal(TM)atoms doped on phosphorene were studied as N2 fixation electrocatalysts by using density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The results demonstrate that single Ru atom doped phosphorene shows an excellent catalytic activity for ammonia synthesis via the enzymatic pattern.A small overpotential of 0.696 V is achieved for this process.The effect of oxidation in the catalyst was also discussed in our work.Oxidation deactivates the catalyst,which should be avoided in the experiment.Our outcomes offer a novel perspective for single-atom catalytic ammonia synthesis with phosphorene as a substrate. | Jian-Dong Liu Zeng-Xi Wei Yu-Hai Dou Yue-Zhan Feng Jian-Min Ma | 2020 | Rare Metals2020，39，8： | 4 |
| 5 | 氨能应用现状与前景展望显示文摘氨能具有对化石能源的替代潜力且与可再生能源关系密切,推广应用氨能对我国能源未来发展具有重要价值。本文从氨的储能属性、燃料属性以及产业基础条件的角度分析了发展氨能的战略意义,从氨内燃机、氨燃气轮机、燃氨锅炉、氨-氢燃料电池4个方面梳理了氨能应用现状,总结了合成氨产业现状、氨能产业发展趋势、氨能产业国内外发展规划等产业建设及研究进展。展望我国氨能产业发展,可分阶段稳步推进:加强新型绿氨合成技术攻关,完善法律法规和碳市场机制,实施绿氨示范项目;形成具有自主知识产权的氨能技术体系,构建低成本氨能供应链、高效率氨能利用链,开展规模化应用推广;按照“绿色制氨-经济运氨-零碳用氨”的绿色循环经济路线,重塑氨能产业结构,支持“双碳”战略目标。 | 雍瑞生 杨川箬 薛明 聂凡 赵兴雷 | 2023 | 中国工程科学2023，25，2： | 4 |
| 6 | 金属掺杂TiO2纳米粒子电化学催化合成氨显示文摘通过溶胶⁃凝胶法制备了三种过渡金属掺杂的TiO2纳米颗粒(TiO2⁃M,M=Cu,Mn,Pd),XRD和XPS等结构表征结果表明掺杂的金属以-O-M-O-的不饱和配位形式存在于TiO2纳米颗粒表面.在N2饱和的0.01 mol·L^-1 K2SO4溶液中,-0.55 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)阴极电位下分别测试了三种TiO2⁃M颗粒的电催化合成氨性能,其中TiO2⁃Pd催化合成氨速率(RNH3)达到1.54×10-11 mol·s^-1·cm^-2,但电流效率(FE)只有0.78%;而TiO2⁃Cu的RNH3为9.77×10-12 mol·s^-1·cm^-2,而FE达到15.33%.线性扫描伏安测试结果表明三种催化剂的析氢催化活性顺序为TiO2⁃Pd>TiO2⁃Mn>TiO2⁃Cu,且阴极电位负移导致电催化合成氨FE下降,意味着电催化合成氨的电流效率与催化剂自身的析氢催化活性密切相关. | 任远 段国义 陈咏梅 孙艳芝 唐阳 万平玉 | 2020 | 化学研究2020，31，3： | 2 |
| 7 | 单原子催化剂在电催化合成氨的研究进展显示文摘电化学还原氨(NRR)作为能够代替传统Haber-Bosch工艺的一种充满前途的方法,在近些年来被科学家们关注。但是这种方法的缺点是产率和法拉第效率低。因此,有效的合成方法以及高效的催化剂对其实际应用至关重要。在已报到的文献中,单原子催化剂(SACs)的有效原子利用和独特的配位构型表现出了显著的优势,这对优化NRR反应提供了可能性。本文在总结了电化学合成氨的机理和合成方法。同时研究了单原子催化剂的合成以及讨论了近年来单原子催化剂的应用与发展。最后,我们进一步提出了改进电催化NRR还原技术的挑战和展望。 | 竺俊豪 路璐 | 2022 | 广州化工2022，50，23： | 0 |
| 8 | 氯化镍低共熔溶剂用于氨气的高效分离回收显示文摘氨的吸附/吸收与能源利用和环境保护紧密相关。设计合成了用于氨吸收的金属基低共熔溶剂NiCl_(2)/间苯二酚(Res)/乙二醇(EG),考察了NiCl_(2)含量、温度、氨分压等对氨气吸收性能的影响以及溶剂的NH_(3)/CO_(2)选择性和重复利用性能。结果表明,添加少量的NiCl_(2)可明显提高氨的吸收量,在40℃、0.10 MPa下NiCl_(2)/Res/EG(0.1∶1∶2)的NH_(3)吸收量达到0.218 g/g,相比不含NiCl_(2)的溶剂,NH_(3)吸收量提高了36.25%(质量分数)。^(1)H-NMR和FT-IR谱图分析结果表明,该体系对氨气的吸收机理主要为氢键和Lewis酸碱作用的协同作用。 | 孙晓雪 吴胜寒 王清华 郝敬爱 魏莉 | 2023 | 大连工业大学学报2023，42，3： | 0 |
| 9 | Recent development of catalytic strategies for sustainable ammonia production显示文摘Presently,ammonia is an ideal candidate for future clean energy.The Haber-Bosch process has been an essential ammonia production process,and it is one of the most important technological advancements since its invention,sustaining the explosive growth of military munitions industry and fertilizers in the first half of the 20th century.However,the process is facing great challenges:the growing need for ammonia and the demands of environmental protection.High energy consumption and high CO_(2) emissions greatly limit the application of the Haber-Bosch method,and increasing research efforts are devoted to'green'ammonia synthesis.Thermocatalytic,electrocatalytic,and photocatalytic ammonia production under mild conditions and the derived chemical looping and plasma ammonia production methods,have been widely developed.Electrocatalytic and photocatalytic methods,which use low fossil fuels,are naturally being considered as future directions for the development of ammonia production.Although their catalytic efficiency of ammonia generation is not yet sufficient to satisfy the actual demands,considerable progress has been made in terms of regulating structure and morphology of catalyst and improving preparation efficiency.The chemical looping approach of ammonia production differs from the thermocatalytic,electrocatalytic,and photocatalytic methods,and is the method of reusing raw materials.The plasma treatment approach alters the overall ammonia production approach and builds up a new avenue of development in combination with thermal,photocatalytic,and electrocatalytic methods as well.This review discusses several recent effective catalysts for different ammonia production methods and explores mechanisms as well as efficiency of these catalysts for catalytic N2fixation of ammonia. | Supeng Yu Ting Xiang Njud SAlharbi Bothaina AAl-aidaroos Changlun Chen | 2023 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2023，62，10： | 0 |
| 10 | 基于化学链的氨生产--一种有前途的非碳燃料生产途径显示文摘氨既是最基本的化工原料之一,也是一种很有前景的非碳燃料,可用于防止全球变暖.氨主要由1909年开发的曾获得两项诺贝尔奖的哈伯-博世工艺制成.然而该工艺过程有一些缺点,包括高碳足迹和需要苛刻的反应条件.有数据统计,用于全世界的合成氨上的能源占全球天然气产量的3%~5%和全球能源消耗的1%~2%.这使得开发替代的合成氨的方法很有必要.基于化学链的氨生产使用氮载体材料,可以在大气压下运行并实现高产品选择性和高能源效率.迄今为止,在这个关键领域还缺乏关于氮载体和基于化学链的氨生产系统的综述和展望.本文旨在全面回顾化学链的氨生产的最新进展,并总结性地展望了化学链的氨生产的未来发展.本文首先讨论了可持续的、基于化学链的氨生产的途径和氨的利用;然后,根据反应物和中间步骤将基于化学链的氨生产系统性地分为四类.此外,文章还全面回顾了每一类基于化学链的氨生产的氮载体的最新发展和所需的热力学性质;最后对基于化学链的氨生产技术的发展方向进行了展望. | 赖清华 蔡天意 Shik Chi Edman Tsang 陈侠 叶润平 徐政和 Morris DArgyle 丁冬 陈咏梅 王键吉 Armistead GRussell 吴烨 刘健 范貌宏 | 2022 | Science Bulletin2022，67，20： | 0 |
| 11 | Review on catalytic roles of rare earth elements in ammonia synthesis:Development and perspective显示文摘Ammonia(NH3)is mainly produced via the Haber-Bosch process.It was discovered that the performance of a wide variety of catalysts in NH3 synthesis could be considerably enhanced by the addition of rare earth elements(REEs).As a result,catalysts promoted by REEs,especially the Ru-based ones have been extensively investigated.In this review,we summarize the progress of utilizing REEs for ammonia synthesis and outline the prospects of using them in the design and development of highly efficient and stable catalysts for ammonia synthesis. | Lingling Li Tianhua Zhang Yanliang Zhou Xiuyun Wang Chak-tong Au Lilong Jiang | 2022 | Journal of Rare Earths2022，40，1： | 0 |
| 12 | Highly efficient subnanometer Ru-based catalyst for ammonia synthesis via an associative mechanism显示文摘The industrial manufacture of ammonia(NH_(3))using Fe-based catalyst works under rigorous conditions.For the goal of carbon-neutrality,it is highly desired to develop advanced catalyst for NH_(3)synthesis at mild conditions to reduce energy consumption and CO_(2)emissions.However,the main challenge of NH_(3)synthesis at mild conditions lies in the dissociation of steady N≡N triple bond.In this work,we report the design of subnanometer Ru clusters(0.8 nm)anchored on the hollow N-doped carbon spheres catalyst(Ru-SNCs),which effectively promotes the NH_(3)synthesis at mild conditions via an associative route.The NH_(3)synthesis rate over Ru-SNCs(0.49%(mass)Ru)reaches up to 11.7 mmol NH_(3)·(g cat)^(-1)·h^(-1) at 400℃ and 3 MPa,which is superior to that of 8.3 mmol NH_(3)·(g cat)^(-1)·h^(-1) over Ru nanoparticle catalyst(1.20%(mass)Ru).Various characterizations show that the N_(2)H_(4)species are the main intermediates for NH_(3)synthesis on Ru-SNCs catalyst.It demonstrates that Ru-SNCs catalyst can follow an associative route for N_(2)activation,which circumvents the direct dissociation of N_(2)and results in highly efficient NH_(3)synthesis at mild conditions. | Yanliang Zhou Qianjin Sai Zhenni Tan Congying Wang Xiuyun Wang Bingyu Lin Jun Ni Jianxin Lin Lilong Jiang | 2022 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2022，35，3： | 0 |
| 13 | 双碳目标下以煤炭为基础的氨合成与清洁利用的未来与挑战显示文摘氨作为重要的化工原料,已有一百多年历史,氨化工为改善人类生产生活做出巨大贡献。然而,随着节能环保要求逐渐严格,新时代新发展方向为氨化工带来新挑战。介绍近年来各类氨化工新技术的发展,分别从氨合成、氨燃烧以及氨利用3个方面综述了氨合成及其清洁利用的研究进展。传统Haber-Bosch法合成氨过程会排放大量CO_(2),即便是最先进煤气化或天然气重整制氨工艺,也难以满足双碳目标要求。可再生能源制氢—Haber-Bosch法合成氨是可预见阶段中最有可能规模化应用的绿色合成氨技术。而随着电子技术及各种检测手段飞速发展,化学链、电催化、光催化、等离子体等一批新型合成氨技术备受关注,其摆脱了传统方法高温高压的反应条件,降低了生产过程中污染物排放,为绿色氨合成开辟新道路。与此同时,在碳中和背景下,氨以其储氢量高、理想燃烧产物清洁无污染等特性受到重视。氨通常需借助H_(2)、CH_(4)等燃料进行掺混燃烧或通过催化剂促进燃烧。我国多煤少气,氨与煤混燃也有研究,但其稳定燃烧及产物中NO_(x)控制相对更困难。氨的化学链燃烧具有高燃烧效率、成本低、几乎不产生NO_(x)等优点。此外,近些年氨制氢、氨法碳捕集、氨法脱硫脱硝等化工应用也稳步发展。氨制氢钌基贵金属催化剂产氢效率高,过渡金属催化剂价格低廉,将贵金属和过渡金属的结合也为其发展提供思路;氨法碳捕集技术能有效缓解温室效应,发展较成熟,但仍需优化;氨法脱硫脱硝可选择性降低烟气中SO_(2)、NO_(x),氨/活性炭法、氨/电子束法及氨/脉冲电晕法均有较好发展前景。以上技术的发展进一步拓宽了氨应用领域,为氨化工开辟新方向,未来氨合成与清洁利用研究,还需引入更多可持续发展理念和科技创新,为绿色氨化工注入新的动力。 | 吴锦 邹隆志 陈扬 朱航 梅剑 熊楚豪 吴烨 刘冬 | 2023 | 洁净煤技术2023，29，7： | 0 |
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