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| 1 | Carcinoma of the stomach: A review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular genetics and chemoprevention显示文摘Carcinoma of the stomach is still the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide, although the incidence and mortality have fallen dramatically over the last 50 years in many regions. The incidence of gastric cancer varies in different parts of the world and among various ethnic groups. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the 5-year survival rate of stomach cancer is only 20 per cent. Stomach cancer can be classified into intestinal and diffuse types based on epidemiological and clinicopathological features. The etiology of gastric cancer is multifactorial and includes both dietary and nondietary factors. The major diet-related risk factors implicated in stomach cancer development include high content of nitrates and high salt intake. Accumulating evidence has implicated the role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. The development of gastric cancer is a complex, multistep process involving multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, cell cycle regulators, and signaling molecules. A plausible program for gastric cancer prevention involves intake of a balanced diet containing fruits and vegetables, improved sanitationand hygiene, screening and treatment of H. pylori infection, and follow-up of precancerous lesions. The fact that diet plays an important role in the etiology of gastric cancer offers scope for nutritional chemoprevention. Animal models have been extensively used to analyze the stepwise evolution of gastric carcinogenesis and to test dietary chemopreventive agents. Development of multitargeted preventive and therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer is a major challenge for the future. | Siddavaram Nagini | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2012，4，7： | 87 |
| 2 | Increasing the frequency of CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy may decrease risk of death in gastric cancer patients显示文摘AIM: To analyze the correlation between cytokineinduced killer (CIK) cells adoptive immunotherapy and cancer-related death in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-six gastric cancer patients after operation at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were enrolled in this study. Their clinical data including demographic characteristics, operation time, tumor size, pathological type and staging, tumor metastasis, outcome of chemotherapy or CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy, survival time or time of death were collected with a standard structured questionnaire. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the median survival time, and the 2- and 5- year survival rates. Hazard risk (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy for gastric cancer were calculated using the two-stage time-dependent covariates Cox model. RESULTS: The survival time of gastric cancer patients was longer after CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy than after chemotherapy (χ 2 = 10.907, P = 0.001). The median survival time of gastric cancer patients was also longer after CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy than after chemotherapy (49 mo vs 27 mo, P < 0.05). The 2- and 5-year survival rates of gastric cancer patients were significantly higher after CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy than after chemotherapy (73.5% vs 52.6%, 40.4% vs 23.9%, P < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the survival curve for patients who received CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy (0, 1-10, 11-25, and over 25 frequencies) (χ 2 = 14.534, P = 0.002). The frequencies of CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy were significantly related with the decreasing risk of death in gastric cancer patients after adjustment for sex and age of the patients, tumor stage and relapse (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36-0.80) when the first stage Cox model was used to define the subjects who remained alive beyond 36 mo as survivors. However, no correlation was observed between the frequencies of death in CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy and the risk of gastric cancer patients (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.63-0.89) when the second stage Cox model was used to define the subjects who survived for more than 36 mo as survivors. CONCLUSION: The survival time of the gastric cancer patients treated with chemotherapy combined with CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy is significantly longer than that of the patients treated with chemotherapy alone and increasing the frequency of CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy seems to benefit patients more. | Jing-Ting Jiang, Chang-Ping Wu, Lu-Jun Chen, Xiao Zheng, Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China Yi-Bei Zhu, Jing Sun, Xue-Guang Zhang, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China Yue-Ping Shen, Wen-Xiang Wei, Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China Bin-Feng Lu, Department of Immunology, University of Pitts- burgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，48： | 82 |
| 3 | Liver cancer incidence and mortality in China: Temporal trends and projections to 2030显示文摘Objective: Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers and major cause of cancer deaths in China,which accounts for over 50% of new cases and deaths worldwide.The systematic liver cancer statistics including of projection through 2030 could provide valuable information for prevention and control strategies in China,and experience for other countries.Methods: The burden of liver cancer in China in 2014 was estimated using 339 cancer registries' data selected from Chinese National Cancer Center(NCC).Incident cases of 22 cancer registries were applied for temporal trends from 2000 to 2014.The burden of liver cancer through 2030 was projected using age-period-cohort model.Results: About 364,800 new cases of liver cancer(268,900 males and 95,900 females) occurred in China,and about 318,800 liver cancer deaths(233,500 males and 85,300 females) in 2014.Western regions of China had the highest incidence and mortality rates.Incidence and mortality rates decreased by about 2.3% and 2.6% per year during the period of 2000-2014,respectively,and would decrease by more than 44% between 2014 and 2030 in China.The young generation,particularly for those aged under 40 years,showed a faster down trend.Conclusions: Based on the analysis,incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer are expected to decrease through 2030,but the burden of liver cancer is still serious in China,especially in rural and western areas.Most cases of liver cancer in China can be prevented through vaccination and more prevention efforts should be focused on high risk groups. | Rongshou Zheng Chunfeng Qu Siwei Zhang Hongmei Zeng Kexin Sun Xiuying Gu Changfa Xia Zhixun Yang He Li Wenqiang Wei Wanqing Chen Jie He | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2018，30，6： | 132 |
| 4 | Esophageal cancer: Risk factors,screening and endoscopic treatment in Western and Eastern countries显示文摘Esophageal cancer is one of the most unknown and deadliest cancers worldwide,mainly because of its extremely aggressive nature and poor survival rate.Esophageal cancer is the 6th leading cause of death from cancer and the 8th most common cancer in the world.The 5-year survival is around 15%-25%.There are clear differences between the risk factors of both histological types that affect their incidence and distribution worldwide.There are areas of high incidence of squamous cell carcinoma(some areas in China) that meet the requirements for cost-effectiveness of endoscopy for early diagnosis in the general population of those areas.In Europe and United States the predominant histologic subtype is adenocarcinoma.The role of early diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus remains controversial.The differences in the therapeutic management of early esophageal carcinoma(high-grade dysplasia,T1 a,T1 b,N0) between different parts of the world may be explained by the number of cancers diagnosed at an early stage.In areas where the incidence is high(China and Japan among others) early diagnoses is more frequent and has led to the development of endoscopic techniques for definitive treatment that achieve very effective results with a minimum number of complications and preserving the functionality of the esophagus. | María José Domper Arnal ángel Ferrández Arenas ángel Lanas Arbeloa | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，26： | 116 |
| 5 | Current status and progress of pancreatic cancer in China显示文摘Cancer is currently one of the most important public health problems in the world.Pancreatic cancer is a fatal disease with poor prognosis.As in most other countries,the health burden of pancreatic cancer in China is increasing,with annual mortality rates almost equal to incidence rates.The increasing trend of pancreatic cancer incidence is more significant in the rural areas than in the urban areas.Annual diagnoses and deaths of pancreatic cancer in China are now beyond the number of cases in the United States.GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates that cases in China account for 19.45%(65727/337872) of all newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer and 19.27%(63662/330391) of all deaths from pancreatic cancer worldwide.The population's growing socioeconomic status contributes to the rapid increase of China's proportional contribution to global rates.Here,we present an overview of control programs for pancreatic cancer in China focusing on prevention,early diagnosis and treatment.In addition,we describe key epidemiological,demographic,and socioeconomic differences between China and developed countries.Facts including no nationwide screening program for pancreatic cancer,delay in early detection resulting in a late stage at presentation,lack of awareness of pancreatic cancer in the Chinese population,and low investment compared with other cancer types by government have led to backwardness in China's pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment.Finally,we suggest measures to improve health outcomes of pancreatic cancer patients in China. | Quan-Jun Lin Feng Yang Chen Jin De-Liang Fu | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，26： | 93 |
| 6 | The updated incidences and mortalities of major cancers in China, 2011显示文摘Introduction: The National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China collected population-based cancer registration data from all cancer registries in China. This study aimed to compile national cancer incidences and mortalities in 2011 and estimate cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths.Methods: In 2014, there were 234 cancer registries that submitted records of new cancer cases and cancer deaths that occurred in 2011 to the NCCR. All datasets were evaluated based on the criteria of data quality of the NCCR. The data of 177 registries was of suicient quality and was compiled to evaluate cancer statistics in 2011. The pooled data were stratiied by area, sex, age group, and cancer type. Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-standardized rates(ASR) and the Chinese population. All incidences and mortalities were age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi's population.Results: The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,372,175 and 2,113,048 in 2011, respectively. The crude incidence was 250.28/1,00,000(277.77/1,00,000 for males and 221.37/1,00,000 for females). The ASRs of incidence by the Chinese standard population(ASRIC) and by the world standard population(ASRIW) were 186.34/1,00,000 and 182.76/1,00,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence(0–74 years old) of 21.20%. Cancers of the lung, female breast, stomach, liver, colorectum, esophagus, cervix, uterus, prostate, and ovary were the most common cancers, accounting for approximately 75% of all new cancer cases. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, female breast, pancreatic, brain, and cervical cancers and leukemia were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for approximately 80% of all cancer deaths. Cancer incidence, mortality, and spectrum were all diferent between urban and rural areas and between males and females.Conclusions: The population covered by the cancer registries greatly increased from 2010 to 2011. The data quality and representativeness of cancer registries have gradually improved. Cancer registries have an irreplaceable role in research on cancer prevention and control. The disease burden of cancer is increasing, and the health department must implement efective measures to contain the increased cancer burden in China. | Wanqing Chen Rongshou Zheng Hongmei Zeng Siwei Zhang | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2015，34，11： | 113 |
| 7 | Estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in China,2013显示文摘Introduction: Population-based cancer registration data are collected by the National Central Cancer Registry in China every year. Cancer incident cases and cancer deaths in 2013 were analyzed.Methods: Through the procedure of quality control, reported data from 255 registries were accepted to establish the national database for cancer estimates. Incidences and mortalities were calculated with stratification by area(urban/rural), sex(male/female), age group(0,1-4,5-9,10-14... 80-84, and 85-year-old and above), and cancer site.The structure of Segi's population was used for the calculation of age-standardized rates(ASR).Top 10 most common cancers and leading causes of cancer deaths were listed.Results: In 2013,3,682,200 new cancer cases and 2,229,300 cancer deaths were estimated in China based on the pooled data from 255 cancer registries, covering 16.65% of the national population. The incidence was270.59/100,000, with an ASR of 186.15/100,000; the mortality was 166.83/100,000, with an ASR of 108.94/100,000.The top 10 most common cancer sites were the lung, stomach, liver, colorectum, female breast, esophagus, thyroid, cervix, brain, and pancreas. The ten leading causes of cancer deaths were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, female breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia, and lymphoma.Conclusions: Cancer leaves serious disease burden in China with high incidence and mortality. Lung cancer was the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in China. Efficient control strategy is needed, especially for major cancers. | Rongshou Zheng Hongmei Zeng Siwei Zhang Wanqing Chen | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2017，36，8： | 84 |
| 8 | Cancer statistics in China and United States,2022:profiles,trends,and determinants显示文摘Background:The cancer burden in the United States of America(USA)has decreased gradually.However,China is experiencing a transition in its cancer profiles,with greater incidence of cancers that were previously more common in the USA.This study compared the latest cancer profiles,trends,and determinants between China and USA.Methods:This was a comparative study using open-source data.Cancer cases and deaths in 2022 were calculated using cancer estimates from GLOBOCAN 2020 and population estimates from the United Nations.Trends in cancer incidence and mortality rates in the USA used data from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results program and National Center for Health Statistics.Chinese data were obtained from cancer registry reports.Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 and a decomposition method were used to express cancer deaths as the product of four determinant factors.Results:In 2022,there will be approximately 4,820,000 and 2,370,000 new cancer cases,and 3,210,000 and 640,000 cancer deaths in China and the USA,respectively.The most common cancers are lung cancer in China and breast cancer in the USA,and lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both.Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for lung cancer and colorectal cancer in the USA have decreased significantly recently,but rates of liver cancer have increased slightly.Rates of stomach,liver,and esophageal cancer decreased gradually in China,but rates have increased for colorectal cancer in the whole population,prostate cancer in men,and other seven cancer types in women.Increases in adult population size and population aging were major determinants for incremental cancer deaths,and case-fatality rates contributed to reduced cancer deaths in both countries.Conclusions:The decreasing cancer burden in liver,stomach,and esophagus,and increasing burden in lung,colorectum,breast,and prostate,mean that cancer profiles in China and the USA are converging.Population aging is a growing determinant of incremental cancer burden.Progress in cancer prevention and care in the USA,and measures to actively respond to population aging,may help China to reduce the cancer burden. | Changfa Xia Xuesi Dong He Li Maomao Cao Dianqin Sun Siyi He Fan Yang Xinxin Yan Shaoli Zhang Ni Li Wanqing Chen | 2022 | Chinese Medical Journal2022，，5： | 827 |
| 9 | Analysis of status and countermeasures of cancer incidence and mortality in China显示文摘Cancer is the leading cause of human deaths in the world and produces serious economic burdens. On September 12, 2018, the academic journal A Cancer Journal for Clinicians published an article about the latest statistics of cancers worldwide, which provided a status report on the global burden of 36 cancers in 185 countries worldwide. Cancer has also become a serious public health problem in China and caused more and more attention of the government and people in recent years. This review analyzes the incidence, mortality and prevalent trend of cancers in China, discusses the reasons behind this status, and reviews the potential countermeasures for cancer prevention and control in China. | Chunchun Wu Mengna Li Hanbing Meng Yukun Liu Weihong Niu Yao Zhou Ran Zhao Yumei Duan Zhaoyang Zeng Xiaoling Li Guiyuan Li Wei Xiong Ming Zhou | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，5： | 175 |
| 10 | Expenditure of hospital care on cancer in China, from 2011 to 2015显示文摘Objective: A solid understanding of levels and trends of spending on cancer is important to evaluate whether our healthcare resources were wisely spent and to prioritize future resources for cancer treatment and prevention.However, studies on economic burden of cancers in China are scant and the results are inconsistent.Methods: The Chinese hospital information database and nearly 350 million inpatient medical record data were used. As the ratios of cancer inpatient payments to total inpatient payments were mainly influenced by the grades and sites of hospitals, the estimates of payments of cancer inpatients in this study were stratified by hospital grades and provinces. Only the payments of cancer inpatients happened in grade 2, grade 3 and specialized cancer hospitals were included in the analyses. The total medical payments of cancers in China were estimated based on the ratios of outpatient payments to inpatient payments in specialized cancer hospitals.Results: From 2011 to 2015, the payments of cancer inpatients in China have increased by 84.1% and the total inpatient payments reached 177.1 billion RMB in 2015, accounting for 4.3% of the total health expenditure in China. Based on the ratio of outpatient payments to inpatient payments, the total payments on cancer treatments in China were estimated to be 221.4 billion RMB in 2015. Among different cancer types, the highest payments were the treatment of trachea, bronchus and lung cancer. The major cancer inpatient payments(67.1% in 2015) spent in grade 3 general hospitals and this ratio increased continually from 2011 to 2015. The expenditure of cancer treatments also varies by region with the major expenditure in the eastern region of China.Conclusions: This study estimated the total payments of cancer treatments in China and analyzed how the money was spent on cancer treatments in the recent 5 years, which would provide information for decision makings on the allocation of resources to service provisioning, prevention strategies, research funding, and assessing whether the economic burden of cancer is affordable to the governments. | Yue Cai Ming Xue Wanqing Chen Maogui Hu Zhiwen Miao Lan Lan Rongshou Zheng Qun Meng | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2017，29，3： | 81 |
| 11 | Treatment of gastric cancer显示文摘The authors focused on the current surgical treatment of resectable gastric cancer,and significance of periand post-operative chemo or chemoradiation.Gastric cancer is the 4thmost commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide.Surgery remains the only curative therapy,while perioperative and adjuvant chemotherapy,as well as chemoradiation,can improve outcome of resectable gastric cancer with extended lymph node dissection.More than half of radically resected gastric cancer patients relapse locally or with distant metastases,or receive the diagnosis of gastric cancer when tumor is disseminated;therefore,median survival rarely exceeds12 mo,and 5-years survival is less than 10%.Cisplatin and fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy,with addition of trastuzumab in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive patients,is the widely used treatment in stageⅣpatients fit for chemotherapy.Recent evidence supports the use of second-line chemotherapy after progression in patients with good performance | Michele Orditura Gennaro Galizia Vincenzo Sforza Valentina Gambardella Alessio Fabozzi Maria Maddalena Laterza Francesca Andreozzi Jole Ventriglia Beatrice Savastano Andrea Mabilia Eva Lieto Fortunato Ciardiello Ferdinando De Vita | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，7： | 116 |
| 12 | Advanced gastric cancer:Current treatment landscape and future perspectives显示文摘Gastric cancer currently ranks fourth in cancer-related mortality worldwide. In the western world, it is most often diagnosed at an advanced stage, after becoming metastatic at distant sites. Patients with advanced disease(locally advanced or metastatic) have a somber prognosis, with a median overall survival of 10-12 mo, and palliative chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. In recent years, novel approaches using inhibition of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) have demonstrated significant improvements in progression-free and overall survival, compared with chemotherapy alone, in first-line treatment of patients with overexpression of HER2. In addition, both second-line chemotherapy and treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-inhibitor ramucirumab demonstrated significant benefits in terms of overall survival, compared with best supportive care, in randomized studies. Moreover, ramucirumab in combination with chemotherapy demonstrated further significant benefits in terms of progression-free and overall survival, compared with chemotherapy alone, in second-line treatment for patients with metastatic gastric cancer. A recently published molecular classification of gastric cancer is expected to improve patient stratification and selection for clinical trials and provide a roadmap for future drug development. Nevertheless, despite these developments the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer remains poor. In this review we discuss current standards of care and outline major topics of drug development in gastric cancer. | Antonia Digklia Anna Dorothea Wagner | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，8： | 108 |
| 13 | Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer显示文摘Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates, pancreatic cancer causes more than 331000 deaths per year, ranking as the seventh leading cause of cancer death in both sexes together. Globally, about 338000 people had pancreatic cancer in 2012, making it the 11^(th) most common cancer. The highest incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are found in developed countries. Trends for pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality varied considerably in the world. A known cause of pancreatic cancer is tobacco smoking. This risk factor is likely to explain some of the international variations and gender differences. The overall five-year survival rate is about 6%(ranges from 2% to 9%), but this vary very small between developed and developing countries. To date, the causes of pancreatic cancer are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as smoking, obesity, genetics, diabetes, diet, inactivity. There are no current screening recommendations for pancreatic cancer, so primary prevention is of utmost importance. A better understanding of the etiology and identifying the risk factors is essential for the primary prevention of this disease. | Milena Ilic Irena Ilic | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，44： | 95 |
| 14 | Growth inhibition and apoptosis induction Sulindac on Human gastric cancer cells显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the effects of sulindac in inducing growth inhibition and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells in comparison with human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)cells.METHODS: The human gastric cancer cell lines MKN45 and MKN28 and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2and SMMC7721 were used for the study. Anti-proliferative effect was measured by MTT assay, and apoptosis was determined by Hoechst-33258 staining, electronography and DNA fragmentation. The protein of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX(2) and Bcl-2 were detected by Westem dot blotting.RESULTS: Sulindac could initiate growth inhibition and apoptosis of MKN45, MKN28, HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Growth inhibitory activity and apoptosis were more sensitive in HepG2 cells than in SMMC7721 cells, MKN45 and MKN28 cells. After 24hours incubation with sulindac at 2mmol. L-1 and 4mmol.L-1, the level of COX-2 and Bcl-2 protein were lowered in MKN45, SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells but not in MKN28 cells.CONCLUSION: Sulindac could inhibit the growth of gastric cancer cells and HCC cells effectively in vitro by apoptosis induction, which was associated with regression of COX-2and Bcl-2 expression. The growth inhibition and apoptosis of HCC cells were greater then that of human gastric cancer cells. The different effects of apoptosis in gastric cancer cells may be related to the differentiation of the cells. | Yun-Lin Wu~1 Bo Sun~1 Xue-Jun Zhang~2 Sheng-Nian Wang~2 Heng-Yi He~2 Min-Min Qiao~1 Jie Zhong~1 Jia-Yu Xu~1 1 Department of Gastroenterology,Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Second Medical University,Shanghai 200025,China2 Institude of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,Shanghai Institues for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Shanghai 200025,China | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，6： | 64 |
| 15 | Detection of tumor stem cell markers in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines显示文摘BACKGROUND: Cancer of the pancreas is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in industrialized countries. In malignancy, actively proliferating cells may be effectively targeted and killed by anti-cancer therapies, but stem cells may survive and support re-growth of the tumor. Thus, new strategies for the treatment of cancer clearly will also have to target cancer stem cells. The goal of the present study was to determine whether pancreatic carcinoma cell growth may be driven by a subpopulation of cancer stem cells. Because previous data implicated ABCG2 and CD133 as stem cell markers in hematopoietic and neural stem/progenitor cells, we analyzed the expression of these two proteins in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. METHODS: Five established pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines were analyzed. Total RNA was isolated and real- time RT-PCR was performed to determine the expression of ABCG2 and CD133. Surface expression of ABCG2 and CD133 was analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: All pancreatic carcinoma cell lines tested expressed significantly higher levels of ABCG2 than non-malignant fibroblasts or two other malignant non- pancreatic cell lines, i.e., SaOS2 osteosarcoma and SKOV3 ovarian cancer. Elevated CD133 expression was found in two out of five pancreatic carcinoma cell lines tested. Using flow cytometric analysis we confirmed surface expression of ABCG2 in all five lines. Yet, CD133 surface expression was detectable in the two cell lines, A818-6 and PancTu1, which exhibited higher mRNA levels.CONCLUSIONS: Two stem cell markers, ABCG2 and CD133 are expressed in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. ABCG2 and/or CD133 positive cells may represent subpopulation of putative cancer stem cells also in this malignancy. Because cancer stem cells are thought to be responsible for tumor initiation and its recurrence after an initial response to chemotherapy, they may be a very promising target for new drug developments. | Monika Olempska Patricia Alice Eisenach Ole Ammerpohl Hendrik Ungefroren Fred Fandrich Holger Kalthoff | 2007 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2007，6，1： | 69 |
| 16 | Current and future treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) represents a unique challenge for physicians and patients.There is no definitively curative treatment.Rather,many treatment and management modalities exist with differing advantages and disadvantages.Both current guidelines and individual patient concerns must be taken into account in order to properly manage HCC.In addition,quality of life issues are particularly complex in patients with HCC and these concerns must also be factored into treatment strategies.Thus,considering all the options and their various pros and cons can quickly become complex for both clinicians and patients.In this review,we systematically discuss the current treatment modalities available for HCC,detailing relevant clinical data,risks and rewards and overall outcomes for each approach.Surgical options discussed include resection,transplantation and ablation.We also discuss the radiation modalities:conformal radiotherapy,yttrium 90 microspheres and proton and heavy ion radiotherapy.The biologic agent Sorafenib is discussed as a promising new approach,and recent clinical trials are reviewed.We then detail currently described molecular pathways implicated in the initiation and progression of HCC,and we explore the potential of each pathway as an avenue for drug exploitation.We hope this comprehensive and forward-looking review enables both clinicians and patients to understand various options and thereby make more informed decisions regarding this disease. | Alexander Schlachterman Willie W Craft Jr Eric Hilgenfeldt Avir Mitra Roniel Cabrera | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，28： | 76 |
| 17 | Gut microbiota imbalance and colorectal cancer显示文摘The gut microbiota acts as a real organ. The symbiotic interactions between resident micro-organisms and the digestive tract highly contribute to maintain the gut homeostasis. However, alterations to the microbiome caused by environmental changes(e.g., infection, diet and/or lifestyle) can disturb this symbiotic relationship and promote disease, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. Colorectal cancer is a complex association of tumoral cells, non-neoplastic cells and a large amount of micro-organisms, and the involvement of the microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis is becoming increasingly clear. Indeed, many changes in the bacterial composition of the gut microbiota have been reported in colorectal cancer, suggesting a major role of dysbiosis in colorectal carcinogenesis. Some bacterial species have been identified and suspected to play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis, such as Streptococcus bovis, Helicobacter pylori, Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium septicum, Fusobacterium spp. and Escherichia coli. The potential pro-carcinogenic effects of these bacteria are now better understood. In this review, we discuss the possible links between the bacterial microbiota and colorectal carcinogenesis, focusing on dysbiosis and the potential pro-carcinogenic properties of bacteria, such as genotoxicity and other virulence factors, inflammation, host defenses modulation, bacterial derived metabolism, oxidative stress and anti-oxidative defenses modulation. We lastly describe how bacterial microbiota modifications could represent novel prognosis markers and/or targets for innovative therapeutic strategies. | Johan Gagnière Jennifer Raisch Julie Veziant Nicolas Barnich Richard Bonnet Emmanuel Buc Marie-Agnès Bringer Denis Pezet Mathilde Bonnet | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，2： | 76 |
| 18 | Recent advances in gastric cancer early diagnosis显示文摘Gastric cancer(GC) remains an important cause of cancer death worldwide with a high mortality rate due to the fact that the majority of GC cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage when the prognosis is poor and the treatment options are limited. Unfortunately, the existing circulating biomarkers for GC diagnosis and prognosis display low sensitivity and specificity and the GC diagnosis is based only on the invasive procedures such as upper digestive endoscopy. There is a huge need for less invasive or non-invasive tests but also highly specific biomarkers in case of GC. Body fluids such as peripheral blood, urine or saliva,stomach wash/gastric juice could be a source of specific biomarkers, providing important data for screening and diagnosis in GC. This review summarized the recently discovered circulating molecules such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, which hold the promise to develop new strategies for early diagnosis of GC. | Laura Necula Lilia Matei Denisa Dragu Ana I Neagu Cristina Mambet Saviana Nedeianu Coralia Bleotu Carmen C Diaconu Mihaela Chivu-Economescu | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，17： | 70 |
| 19 | Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) diagnosis and treatment guidelines for colorectal cancer 2018(English version)显示文摘Contents1. General guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer2. Diagnostic principles for colorectal cancer2.1 Colorectal cancer screening of asymptomatic healthy population2.2 Basic diagnostic principles2.2.1 Colorectal cancer diagnosis2.2.2 Appendix on colorectal cancer imaging staging and diagnosis2.3 Principles of pathological diagnosis2.4 Staging. | Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)diagnosis and treatment guidelines for colorectal cancer working group Suzhan Zhang Jin Li Sanjun Cai Ruihua Xu Zhen Zhang | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2019，31，1： | 66 |
| 20 | Colorectal cancer: From prevention to personalized medicine显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a very heterogeneous disease that is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors.CRC develops through a gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes,leading to the transformation of normal colonic mucosa into invasive cancer.CRC is one of the most prevalent and incident cancers worldwide,as well as one of the most deadly.Approximately 1235108 people are diagnosed annually with CRC,and 609051 die from CRC annually.The World Health Organization estimates an increase of77%in the number of newly diagnosed cases of CRCand an increase of 80%in deaths from CRC by 2030.The incidence of CRC can benefit from different strategies depending on its stage:health promotion through health education campaigns(when the disease is not yet present),the implementation of screening programs(for detection of the disease in its early stages),and the development of nearly personalized treatments according to both patient characteristics(age,sex)and the cancer itself(gene expression).Although there are different strategies for screening and although the number of such strategies is increasing due to the potential of emerging technologies in molecular marker application,not all strategies meet the criteria required for screening tests in population programs;the three most accepted tests are the fecal occult blood test(FOBT),colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy.FOBT is the most used method for CRC screening worldwide and is also the primary choice in most population-based screening programs in Europe.Due to its non-invasive nature and low cost,it is one of the most accepted techniques by population.CRC is a very heterogeneous disease,and with a few exceptions(APC,p53,KRAS),most of the genes involved in CRC are observed in a small percentage of cases.The design of genetic and epigenetic marker panels that are able to provide maximum coverage in the diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia seems a reasonable strategy.In recent years,the use of DNA,RNA and protein markers in different biological samples has been explored as strategies for CRC diagnosis.Although there is not yet sufficient evidence to recommend the analysis of biomarkers such as DNA,RNA or proteins in the blood or stool,it is likely that given the quick progression of technology tools in molecular biology,increasingly sensitive and less expensive,these tools will gradually be employed in clinical practice and will likely be developed in mass. | Gemma Binefa Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta àlex Teule Manuel Medina-Hayas | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，22： | 67 |
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