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| 1 | 16位循环冗余校验码(CRC)的原理和性能分析显示文摘CRC是一种数据通信中广泛应用的检错方法,文章从编码的数学原理出发,分析了CRC的编码本质、生成/校验矩阵、最小码重等参数,推导了编码应用中的检错概率、漏检错误概率结论,给出了利用CRC纠正单比特错误的实现算法和仿真性能。 | 张平安 | 2005 | 山西科技2005，，5： | 34 |
| 2 | 中国恶性肿瘤整合诊治指南-结肠癌部分显示文摘一、流行病学结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是常见的恶性肿瘤,发病率和死亡率均呈上升趋势,据2020年全球癌症统计数据[1-2],我国CRC新发病例为55.5万,居恶性肿瘤第三位。男性和女性发病人数分别为31.9万和23.6万,发病率为23.9/10万,男性高于女性。死亡率为12.0/10万,居第五位。CRC死亡病例数男性和女性分别为16.5万和12.1万,死亡率分别为14.8/10万和9.4/10万。 | 中国抗癌协会 中国抗癌协会大肠癌专业委员会 | 2022 | 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志2022，11，1： | 33 |
| 3 | The association of diet, gut microbiota and colorectal cancer: what we eat may imply what we get显示文摘尽管有 colonoscopy 在癌症治疗屏蔽和最近的进展的成功, colorectal 癌症(CRC ) 仍然是通常诊断的大多数和致命的癌症之一,与在开发人们正在适应西方的生活方式的国家的显著地增加的发生。饮食在 CRC 的风险上有重要影响。多重流行病学的研究建议了那过多的动物蛋白质和脂肪吸入,特别红的肉和处理的肉,当纤维能免于 colorectal tumorigenesis 时,能增加开发 CRC 的风险。机制被动物 studies.Diet 调查了能重塑内脏 microbiota 的社区结构并且由 modulating 影响它的功能代谢物的生产。丁酸盐,短链的丰满的酸(SCFA ) 之一,它为 colonocytes 充当有利来源,能保护结肠的上皮的房间免受 tumorigenesis 的伤害经由反煽动性并且通过房间新陈代谢, microbiota 动态平衡, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory 和 genetic/epigenetic 的 antineoplastic 性质规定方法。相反,蛋白质发酵和胆汁酸 deconjugation,它引起通过 proinflammatory 和 proneoplastic 方法损坏到结肠的房间,导致 increasedriskofdevelopingCRC.In 结论,有增加的许多纤维的 abalanced 饮食应该被采用减少风险并且阻止 CRC。 | Jia Yang Jun Yu | 2018 | Protein & Cell2018，9，5： | 30 |
| 4 | 循环冗余校验码(CRC)的硬件并行实现显示文摘讨论了并行计算循环冗余校验码(CRC)的原理,并以USB协议使用的两种CRC的计算为例给出了硬件并行实现CRC的设计方法。 | 蒋安平 | 2007 | 微电子学与计算机2007，24，2： | 25 |
| 5 | CRC算法设计与程序实现显示文摘数字通信系统的数据传输为了保证数据传输的有效性,常用的方法就是对传输数据进行CRC校验。首先分析了CRC的校验原理,然后以常见的CRC-16为例,提出了生成CRC码的算法,给出了该算法的实现软件流程图,并在Windows平台上用VC++实现。该算法实现简单,实时性强,非常适合于大数据块传输的情况。计算机仿真实验表明,这是一种有效地实现CRC校验码的方法,为通信系统的差错控制提供了一种简捷的解决方案。 | 王忠 李延社 游智胜 | 2007 | 电子测量技术2007，30，12： | 26 |
| 6 | Intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer:A doubleedged sword?显示文摘Chronic inflammation is thought to be the leading cause of many human cancers including colorectal cancer(CRC).Accordingly,epidemiologic and clinical studies indicate that patients affected by ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease,the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease,have an increased risk of developing CRC.In recent years,the role of immune cells and their products have been shown to be pivotal in initiation and progression of colitis-associated CRC.On the other hand,activation of the immune system has been shown to cause dysplastic cell elimination and cancer suppression in other settings.Clinical and experimental data herein reviewed,while confirming chronic inflammation as a risk factor for colon carcinogenesis,do not completely rule out the possibility that under certain conditions the chronic activation of the mucosal immune system might protect from colonic dysplasia. | Angelamaria Rizzo Francesco Pallone Giovanni Monteleone Massimo Claudio Fantini | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，26： | 25 |
| 7 | B7-H1 expression is associated with expansion of regulatory T cells in colorectal carcinoma显示文摘AIM:To investigate the expression of B7-H1 in human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) to define its regulating effects on T cells in tumor microenvironment.METHODS:One hundred and two paraffin blocks and 33 fresh samples of CRC tissues were subject to this study.Immunohistochemistry was performed for B7-H1 and CD3 staining in CRC tissues.Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells of fresh CRC tissues;flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining were used for detection of regulatory T cells.Data was analyzed with statistical software.RESULTS:Costimulatory molecule B7-H1 was found strongly expressed in CRC tissues,localized in tumor cell membrane and cytoplasm,while weak or none expression of B7-H1 was detected in pared normal colorectal tissues.Meanwhile,CD3 positive T cells were found congregated in CRC tumor nest and stroma.Statistic analysis showed that B7-H1 expression level was negatively correlated to the total T cell density in tumor nest (P<0.0001) and tumor stroma (P=0.0200) of 102 cases of CRC tissues.Among the total T cells,a variable amount of regulatory T cells with a clear Foxp3+ (forkhead box P3) staining could be detected in CRC tissues and patients' blood.Interestingly,in the 33 samples (15 cases of B7-H1 high CRC tissues and 18 cases of B7H1 low CRC tissues) of freshly isolated mononuclear cells from CRC tissues,the percentages of CD4+ Foxp3+ and CD8+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells were found remarkably higher in B7-H1 high CRC tissues than in B7-H1 low CRC tissues (P=0.0024,P=0.0182),indicating that B7-H1 expression was involved in proliferation of regulatory T cell.No significant difference was found in CRC peripheral blood (P=0.0863,P=0.0678).PD-1 is the specific ligand for B7-H1 pathway transferring inhibitory signal to T cell,which is expressed by activated T cell.Our further analysis of PD-1 expression on T cells in CRC tissues showed that conventional T cells (CD4+ Foxp3/CD8+ Foxp3),which was thought to contribute to the anti-tumor immune response,highly expressed PD-1;while regulatory T cells (CD4+ Foxp3+/CD8+ Foxp3) almost failed to express PD-1.The average percentage of PD-1 expression on regulatory T cells was significantly higher than the percentage of PD-1 on conventional T cells (CD4+ Foxp3 T cell,P<0.0001;CD8+ Foxp3 T cell,P<0.0001).The diverse expression of PD-1 might lead to different fate of T cell subsets in B7-H1 over-expression CRC tumor microenvironment.CONCLUSION:B7-H1 expression in tumor cells can in hibit the conventional T cell proliferation in tumor micro environment through the PD-1 expression on conventiona T cells. | Dong Hua Jing Sun Yong Mao Lu-Jun Chen Yu-Yu Wu Xue-Guang Zhang | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，9： | 25 |
| 8 | 我国结直肠癌的诊疗现状显示文摘自20世纪90年代以来,我国结直肠癌(CRC)诊治水平不断提高.目前,全国各地的教学医院和大型医院的诊治模式在强调个体化的基础上渐趋规范,从而使CRC患者能够接受更加专业、优质的诊治.但由于我国地域经济发展的不平衡,直接导致了地域性结直肠外科学术水平发展的不平衡.现就我国目前CRC的诊疗现状进行分析. | 王磊 刘志华 汪建平 | 2015 | 中华实验外科杂志2015，32，4： | 25 |
| 9 | Serum IL-6, TNFα and CRP levels in Greek colorectal cancer patients: Prognostic implications显示文摘AIM: The significance of preoperative serum IL-6, TNFαand CRP levels in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully elucidated. Our intention was to investigate their role and identify their prognostic significance.METHODS: The IL-6, TNFα and CRP levels were measured in 74 CRC patients and the relationships between their elevation s and both the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of patients were investigated. Serum concentrations of human IL-6 and TNFα were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CRP was measured by an immunoturbinometric method.RESULTS: Median IL-6, TNFα and CRP levels weresignificantly higher in CRC patients than in normal controls.High levels of serum IL-6, TNFα and CRP were correlated with larger tumor size. Furthermore, high IL-6 and high CRP levels were associated with reduced overall survival.CONCLUSION: Serum IL-6, TNFα and CRP levels definitely increase in CRC patients. Pre-operative serum elevation of IL-6 and CRP was thus found to be predictor of the prognosis of CRC patients. The clinical value of TNFα in CRC needs to be further investigated. | Nikolaos I. Nikiteas Nikolaos Tzanakis Maria Gazouli George Rallis Kessaris Daniilidis George Theodoropoulos Alkiviadis Kostakis George Peros | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，11： | 23 |
| 10 | CRC+AC刚柔复合式路面结构与工程应用显示文摘复合式路面是指面层由两层不同材料类型和力学性质的结构层复合而成的路面,近年来在我国也有较多应用,而CRC+AC刚柔复合式路面的应用较少。论述了CRC+AC复合式路面的结构组成、结构形式、结构力学特点与优点、层间界面结合技术以及近年来的工程应用等,阐明了CRC+AC的结构受力特性、端部变形特性、层间结构与材料以及其适用条件。研究表明:CRC+AC复合式路面具有良好的整体结构承载能力和使用性能,是一种可充分利用当地资源和材料、结构强度高、使用寿命长、经济性和耐久性好的资源节约和环境友好型的路面结构,是我国重载交通干线高速公路长寿命路面结构的型式之一,并在我国的道路工程中多次应用。 | 刘朝晖 郑健龙 华正良 | 2008 | 公路交通科技2008，25，12： | 23 |
| 11 | 药物临床试验机构CRC管理模式及管理难点探讨显示文摘临床研究协调员在临床试验中承担介绍知情同意内容、与受试者沟通、收集数据、样本管理和协助试验实施等工作,对确保临床试验的伦理合理性、科学性及试验数据的可信度方面起重要保证作用。中国临床研究协调员(clinical research coordinator,CRC)于近年引入,并处于蓬勃发展中。在研究机构可见多种CRC的存在模式。由于目前尚缺乏统一的行业标准,研究机构在CRC的管理过程中存在不少的难点。随着认识的不断提高,行业规范和共识的逐步形成,最终将不断规范,从而促进我国医药事业的发展。 | 江波 杨丹丹 胡殷 阮邹荣 | 2016 | 中国临床药理学与治疗学2016，21，2： | 23 |
| 12 | Individualized prediction of perineural invasion in colorectal cancer: development and validation of a radiomics prediction model显示文摘Objective: To develop and validate a radiomics prediction model for individualized prediction of perineural invasion(PNI) in colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods: After computed tomography(CT) radiomics features extraction, a radiomics signature was constructed in derivation cohort(346 CRC patients). A prediction model was developed to integrate the radiomics signature and clinical candidate predictors [age, sex, tumor location, and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) level]. Apparent prediction performance was assessed. After internal validation, independent temporal validation(separate from the cohort used to build the model) was then conducted in 217 CRC patients. The final model was converted to an easy-to-use nomogram.Results: The developed radiomics nomogram that integrated the radiomics signature and CEA level showed good calibration and discrimination performance [Harrell's concordance index(c-index): 0.817; 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 0.811–0.823]. Application of the nomogram in validation cohort gave a comparable calibration and discrimination(c-index: 0.803; 95% CI: 0.794–0.812).Conclusions: Integrating the radiomics signature and CEA level into a radiomics prediction model enables easy and effective risk assessment of PNI in CRC. This stratification of patients according to their PNI status may provide a basis for individualized auxiliary treatment. | Yanqi Huang Lan He Di Dong Caiyun Yang Cuishan Liang Xin Chen Zelan Ma Xiaomei Huang Su Yao Changhong Liang Jie Tian Zaiyi Liu | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2018，30，1： | 23 |
| 13 | 我国结直肠癌的现状、制约瓶颈与反思显示文摘结直肠癌(CRC)是全球排位第3的最常见恶性肿瘤,其发病率和死亡率在发达国家与经济转型期国家间存在巨大差异,近年来,CRC在全球范围的疾病负担仍在持续加剧[1-4]。因此,从国际视野了解CRC诊疗模式及其演变,对我国CRC的防控及减轻CRC负担至关重要。中国经济高速发展而肿瘤防控未能同步,形成了转型期中国特有的CRC模式:农村城市化,城乡差距缩小;饮食模式及构成改变,肉类和脂肪的摄入量急剧增加;对于吸烟、饮酒、肥胖、缺少运动锻炼等癌症危险因素无防范,导致我国CRC的发病率与死亡率持续增高[5-6]。 | 于永扬 陈海宁 周总光 | 2019 | 中国普外基础与临床杂志2019，26，8： | 19 |
| 14 | Clinical features and mismatch repair gene mutation screening in Chinese patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma显示文摘AIM: Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominantly- inherited cancer-susceptibility syndrome that confers an increased risk for colorectal cancer and a variety of other tumors at a young age. It has been associated with germline mutations in five mismatch repair (MMR) genes (hMSH2, hMLH1, hPMS1, hPMS2, and hMSH6/GTBP). The great majority of germline mutations were found in hMSH2 and hMLH1. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical features of Chinese HNPCC patients and to screen hMSH2 and hMLH1 gene mutations.METHODS: Twenty-eight independent Chinese families were collected, of which 15 met Amsterdam criteria I and 13 met the Japanese clinical diagnosis criteria. The data were recorded including sex, site of colorectal cancer (CRC),age of diagnosis, history of synchronous and/or metachronous CRC, instance of extracolonic cancers, and histopathology of tumors. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all pedigrees after formal written consents were signed. PCR and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) were used to screen the coding regions of hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes. The samples showing abnormal DHPLC profiles were sequenced by a 377 DNA sequencer.RESULTS: One hundred and seventy malignant neoplasms were found in one hundred and twenty-six patients (multiple cancer in twenty-three), including one hundred and twentyseven CRCs, fifteen gastric, seven endometrial, and five esophageal cancers. Seventy-seven point eight percent of the patients had CRCs, sharing the features of early occurrence (average age of onset, 45.9 years) and of the right-sided predominance reported in the literature. In Chinese HNPCC patients, gastric cancer occurred more frequently, accounting for 11.9% of all cancers patients and ranking second in the spectrum of HNPCC predisposing cancers. Synchronous CRCs occurred less frequently, only accounting for 3.1% of the total CRCs. Twenty percent of the colorectal patients had metachronous CRCs within 10 years after operation. Eight hMSH2 or hMLH1 gene sequence variations were found in twelve families, including the first Mongolian kindred with a hMSH2 gene mutation.CONCLUSION: HNPCC is characterized by an early-age onset, proximal predominance of CRC, multiple metachronous CRCs, and an excess of extra-colonic cancers. Frequent gastric cancer occurrence and less synchronous CRCs are the remarkable features in Chinese HNPCC patients. DHPLC is a powerful tool in hMSH2 and hMLH1 gene mutation screening, hMLH1 gene mutations, especially of the first nine exons, have been found more common than hMSH2 gene mutations in Chinese patients. Three of seven mutations have been found to be novel, and the germline G204X nonsense mutation in the third exon of hMSH2 has become the first MMR gene mutation found in Chinese Mongolian people. | Shan-RunLiu BoZhao Zhen-JunWang Yuan-LianWan Yan-TingHuang | 2004 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2004，10，18： | 19 |
| 15 | HDLC通讯协议中CRC的应用显示文摘为了简单灵活地使用HDLC协议,介绍了HDLC协议标准和CRC校验标准。提出了使用硬件描述语言实现HDLC协议的方法,并且阐述了CRC校验的实现过程,给出了使用ModelSim SE PLUS 6.2b环境下的仿真波形。下载到FPGA中进行测试,测试结果证实了使用VHDL实现HDLC协议的可行性,该设计简单、结果正确可靠,具有一定的使用价值。 | 刘岩俊 闫海霞 | 2010 | 电子测量技术2010，33，3： | 18 |
| 16 | 一种快速CRC算法的硬件实现方法显示文摘介绍了CRC校验算法的硬件电路实现方法。CRC校验广泛应用于通信、存储系统 ,在串行CRC实现的基础上 ,对电路结构提出了改进的方案 ,并实现了CRC的并行计算 ,由此进一步可以适用于任意位数据宽度的数据输入情况。 | 刘新宁 王超 胡晨 蔡洪亮 | 2003 | 电子器件2003，26，1： | 17 |
| 17 | Is diabetes a causal agent for colorectal cancer? Pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms显示文摘The possible relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC), concerning pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms is highlighted in this review. The most recent and complete articles and developments in this particular field were thoroughly reviewed. Common risk factors, such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and Western diet between DM and CRC, led to the theory that DM might be a causal agent for CRC development. Various studies have connected type 2 DM and CRC, either proximal or distal, in both sexes. Additionally, chronic insulin treatment has been linked with increased colorectal tumor risk among type 2 diabetic patients. Interestingly, elevated hemoglobin A1c has been proven to be an independent predictor of aggressive clinical behavior in CRC patients. These mechanisms include the insulin-like growth factor-hyperinsulinemia theory and the participation of oncogenic intracellular signaling pathways. Furthermore, it has been proposed that Cox-2 inhibitors might have a role in decreasing the incidence of CRC. Finally, the use of statins to reduce the risk for colon cancer in patients with diabetes has remained controversial. Diabetic patients over 50 should receive counseling regarding their elevated risk for CRC, and screening colonoscopy should be recommended before initiating insulin therapy. However, there are no current guidelines, and this strategy is not yet applicable to some countries, as the corresponding risk would not allow screening colonoscopy to be adopted. There is strong evidence to indicate that DM is a causal agent for CRC development. This conclusion provides new impetus for re-evaluating CRC screening worldwide. | Olga Giouleme Michael D Diamantidis Marios G Katsaros | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，4： | 15 |
| 18 | 药物临床试验 CRC管理·广东共识(2014年)显示文摘第一部分总则
一、CRC(临床研究协调员)作为研究者一员,在PI的授权下从事非医学判断相关工作,是试验的参与者、协调者和管理者。
二、分类包括其雇佣关系在研究单位的研究护士/临床研究助理,亦包括雇佣关系在研究单位以外的SMO/第三方的CRC。 | 葛洁英 | 2015 | 今日药学2015，0，2： | 15 |
| 19 | 临床研究协调员在药物临床试验质量控制体系中的重要作用显示文摘配备合格的临床研究协调员,是保证药物临床试验质量控制体系有效实施的重要手段。现将在药物临床试验过程中,CRC的运行机制与具体职责,以及在药物临床试验质量控制体系中的重要作用进行介绍,为各药物临床试验机构的建设和管理提供参考。 | 陈雄峰 陈刚 陈懋 邓婧 发杨 吴刚伟 | 2015 | 海峡药学2015，27，2： | 15 |
| 20 | MiR-139-5p inhibits migration and invasion of colorectal cancer by downregulating AMFR and NOTCH1显示文摘MicroRNAs (miRNAs ) 由抑制最近在 carcinogenesis 和转移在我们 non-protein-coding RNA 的角色的理解带给卓见的 posttranscriptional 施加功能。在这研究,我们在 CRC 在 colorectal 癌症(CRC ) 和它的潜在的临床的应用程序描述了函数和 miR-139-5p 的分子的机制。我们发现 miR-139-5p 是显著地, CRC 与邻近的 noncancerous 纸巾(NCT ) 相比取样的在 73.8% 的 downregulated,和减少的 miR-139-5p 与穷人被联系预后。功能的分析证明 miR-139-5p 的那个宫外的表达式在 vivo 在 vitro 和转移压制了 CRC 房间移植和侵略。机械学的调查表明 miR-139-5p 由指向 AMFR 和 NOTCH1 压制 CRC 房间侵略和转移。二基因 phenocopied 击倒 CRC 上的 miR-139-5p 的禁止的效果转移。而且,二基因的蛋白质层次与 NCT 相比是在 CRC 样品的 upregulated,并且相反地与 miR-139-5p 表示相关。增加的 NOTCH1 蛋白质表示与 CRC 病人的差的预后被相关。一起,我们的数据显示 miR-139-5p 为 CRC 是潜在的肿瘤 suppressor 和预示的因素,并且指向 miR-139-5p 可以镇压 CRC 的转移并且改善幸存。 | Mingxu Song Yuan Yin Jiwei Zhang Binbin Zhang Zehua Bian Chao Quan Leyuan Zhou Yaling Hu Qifeng Wang Shujuan Ni Bojian Fei Weili Wang Xiang Du Dong Hua Zhaohui Huang | 2014 | Protein & Cell2014，5，11： | 14 |
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