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| 1 | The Chrysanthemum nankingense Genome Provides Insights into the Evolution and Diversification of Chrysanthemum Flowers and Medicinal Traits显示文摘The Asteraceae (Compositae),a large plant family of approximately 24 000-35 000 species,accounts for^10% of all angiosperm species and contributes a lot to plant diversity.The most representative members of the Asteraceae are the economically important chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum L.)that diversified through reticulate evolution.Biodiversity is typically created by multiple evolutionary mechanisms such as wholegenome duplication 0NGD)or polyploidization and locally repetitive genome expansion.However,the lack of genomic data from chrysanthemum species has prevented an in-depth analysis of the evolutionary mechanisms involved in their diversification.Here,we used Oxford Nanopore long-read technologyto sequence the diploid Chrysanthemum nankingense genome,which represents one of the progenitor genomes of domesticated chrysanthemums.Our analysis revealed that the evolution of the C.nankingense genome was driven by bursts of repetitive element expansion and WGD events including a recentWGD that distinguishes chrysanthemum from sunflower,which diverged from chrysanthemum approximately 38.8 million years ago.Variations of ornamental and medicinal traits in chrysanthemums are linked to the expansion of candidate gene families by duplication events including paralogous gene duplication.Collectively,our study of the assembled reference genome offers new knowledge and resources to dissect the history and pattern of evolution and diversification of chrysanthemum plants,and also to accelerate their breeding and improvement. | Chi Song Yifei Liu Aiping Song Gangqiang Dong Hongbo Zhao Wei Sun Shyam Ramakrishnan Ying Wang Shuaibin Wang Tingzhao Li Yan Niu Jiafu Jiang Bin Dong Ye Xia Sumei Chen Zhigang Hu Fadi Chen Shilin Chen | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，12： | 24 |
| 2 | Exogenous ethylene influences flower opening of cut roses (Rosa hybrida) by regulating the genes encoding ethylene biosynthesis enzymes显示文摘The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differential responses of flower opening to ethylene in two cut rose cultivars, ‘Samantha’, whose opening process is promoted, and ‘Kardinal’, whose opening process is inhibited by ethylene. Ethylene production and 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and oxidase activities were determined first. After ethylene treatment, ethylene production, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) activities in petals increased and peaked at the earlier stage (stage 3) in ‘Samantha’, and they were much more dramatically enhanced and peaked at the later stage (stage 4) in ‘Kardinal’ than control during vasing. cDNA fragments of three Rh-ACSs and one Rh- ACO genes were cloned and designated as Rh-ACS1, Rh-ACS2, Rh-ACS3 and Rh-ACO1 respectively. Northern blotting analysis revealed that, among three genes of ACS, ethylene-in- duced expression patterns of Rh-ACS3 gene corresponded to ACS activity and ethylene production in both cultivars. A more dramatic accumulation of Rh-ACS3 mRNA was induced by ethylene in ‘Kardinal’ than that of ‘Samantha’. As an ethylene action inhibitor, STS at concentration of 0.2 mmol/L generally inhib-ited the expression of Rh-ACSs and Rh-ACO in both cultivars, although it induced the expression of Rh-ACS3 transiently in ‘Kardinal’. Our results suggests that ‘Kardinal’ is more sensitive to ethylene than ‘Samantha’; and the changes of Rh-ACS3 expression caused by ethylene might be related to the acceleration of flower opening in ‘Samantha’ and the inhibition in ‘Kardinal’. Additional results indicated that three Rh-ACSs genes were differentially associated with flower opening and senescence as well as wounding. | MA Nan1, CAI Lei1, LU Wangjin2, TAN Hui1 & GAO Junping1 1. Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China 2. Department of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642,China | 2005 | Science China(Life Sciences)2005，48，5： | 20 |
| 3 | Anti-inflammatory effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. male flower extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation显示文摘Background:Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. is a medicinal plant native to China, with its bark (Eucommiae Cortex) traditionally being used for medicinal purposes. Previous research has shown that Eucommia male flowers can exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, and other pharmacological effects, including immune regulation. This study explored the anti-inflammatory effects of the 70% ethanol extract of male flowers (EF) of E. ulmoides in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and LPS-administered mice.Methods:Cytotoxicity of EF for RAW 264.7 cells was investigated using Cell Counting Kit-8. The production of proinflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. IL-17, IL-23, and IL-10 mRNA levels were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway in RAW 264.7 cells was investigated via Western blotting. In vivo antiinflammatory effects of EF were studied in an LPS-induced acute inflammation mouse model by analyzing lung tissue histopathology, serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung tissue.Results:EF showed no significant cytotoxicity at concentrations from 10 to 60 μg/mL (cell viability > 80%) in the CCK-8 cell viability assay. EF inhibited the RAW 264.7 cell proliferation (EF 60 μg/mL, 120 μg/mL, and 250 μg/mL vs. negative control: 87.31±2.39% vs. 100.00±2.50%, P=0.001;79.01±2.56 vs. 100.00±2.50%, P<0.001;and 64.83±2.50 vs. 100.00±2.50%, P<0.001), suppressed NO (EF 20 μg/mL and 30 μg/mL vs. LPS only, 288.81±38.01 vs. 447.68±19.07 μmol/L, P=0.004;and 158.80±45.14 vs. 447.68±19.07 μmol/L, P<0.001), TNF-α (LPS+EF vs. LPS only, 210.20±13.85 vs. 577.70±5.35 pg/mL, P<0.001), IL-1β (LPS+EF vs. LPS only, 193.30±10.80 vs. 411.03±42.28 pg/mL, P<0.001), and IL-6 (LPS+EF vs. LPS only, 149.67±11.60 vs. 524.80±6.24 pg/mL, P<0.001) secretion, and downregulated the mRNA expression of IL-17 (LPS+EF vs. LPS only, 0.23±0.02 vs. 0.43±0.12, P<0.001), IL-23 (LPS+EF vs. LPS only, 0.29±0.01 vs. 0.42±0.06, P=0.002), and IL-10 (LPS+EF vs. LPS only, 0.30±0.01 vs. 0.47±0.01, P=0.008) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. EF inhibited the LPS-induced NF-κB p65 (LPS+EF 20 μg/mL and 30 μg/mL vs. LPS only: 0.78±0.06 vs. 1.17±0.08, P<0.001;and 0.90±0.06 vs. 1.17±0.08, P=0.002) and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα) phosphorylation (LPS+EF 20 μg/mL and 30 μg/mL vs. LPS only: 0.25±0.01 vs. 0.63±0.03, P<0.001;and 0.31±0.01 vs. 0.63±0.03, P<0.001), LPS+EF 30 μg/mL inhibited IκB kinase (IKKα/β) phosphorylation (LPS+EF 30 μg/mL vs. LPS only, 1.12±0.14 vs. 1.71±0.25, P=0.002) in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, EF 10 mg/kg and EF 20 mg/kg inhibited lung tissue inflammation in vivo and suppressed the serum TNF-α (LPS+EF 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg vs. LPS only, 199.99±186.49 vs. 527.90±263.93 pg/mL, P=0.001;and 260.56±175.83 vs. 527.90±263.93 pg/mL, P=0.005), and IL-6 (LPS+EF 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg vs. LPS only, 41.26±30.42 vs. 79.45±14.16 pg/ml, P=0.011;and 42.01±26.26 vs. 79.45±14.16 pg/mL, P=0.012) levels and MPO (LPS+EF 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg vs. LPS only, 3.19±1.78 vs. 5.39±1.51 U/g, P=0.004;and 3.32±1.57 vs. 5.39±1.51 U/g, P=0.006) activity in lung tissue.Conclusions:EF could effectively inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors and overactivation of neutrophils. Further investigation is needed to evaluate its potential for anti-inflammation therapy. | Jian-Ying Wang Xiao-Jun Chen Lei Zhang Ying-Yi Pan Zu-Xi Gu Ying Yuan | 2019 | Chinese Medical Journal2019，，3： | 13 |
| 4 | 公丁香挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析显示文摘 公丁香为桃金娘科植物丁香Eugenia caryophyllata的干燥花蕾.原植物系常绿乔木,主产于桑给巴尔、马达加斯加、斯里兰卡、印度尼西亚等地,我国南方已大量引种.作为中药,公丁香具有温中降逆和补肾助阳的功效,可用于治疗脾胃虚寒、呃逆呕吐、食少吐泻、心腹冷痛和肾虚阳痿[1,2].…… | 但春 付铁军 刘忠荣 周燕 | 2004 | 分析测试学报2004，23，z1： | 13 |
| 5 | Ectopic expression of a hyacinth AGL6 homolog caused earlier flowering and homeotic conversion in Arabidopsis显示文摘MADS-box genes are involved in floral organ development. Here we report that an AGL6(Agamous-like 6)-like MADS-box gene, HoAGL6, was isolated from Hyacinthus orientalis L. Expression pattern analy-sis demonstrated that HoAGL6 transcript was detected in inflorescence buds, tepals, carpels and ovules, but not in stamina, leaves or scales. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants ectopically expressing HoAGL6 exhibited novel phenotypes of significantly reduced plant size, extremely early flowering, and losing inflorescence indeterminacy. In addition, wide homeotic conversion of sepals, petals, and leaves into carpel-like or ovary structures, and disappearance or number reduction of stamens in 35S::HoAGL6 Arabidopsis plants were also observed. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expressions of flowering time gene SOC1 and flower meristem identity gene LFY were significantly up-regulated in 35S::HoAGL6 transgenic Arabidopsis plants, and the expression levels of floral organ identity genes AG and SEP1 in leaves were also elevated. These results indicated that HoAGL6 was involved in the regulation of flower transition and flower organ formation. | FAN JinHui1, LI WenQing2, DONG XiuChun1, GUO Wei1 & SHU HuaiRui3 1 College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China 2 College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China 3 College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，5： | 12 |
| 6 | Spatial Characteristics and Controlling Factors of the Strikeslip Fault Zones in the Northern Slope of Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin: Insight from 3D Seismic Data显示文摘The detailed characteristics of the Paleozoic strike-slip fault zones developed in the northern slope of Tazhong uplift are closely related to hydrocarbon explorations. In this study, five major strike-slip fault zones that cut through the Cambrian-Middle Devonian units are identified, by using 3D seismic data. Each of the strike-slip fault zones is characterized by two styles of deformation, namely deeper strike-slip faults and shallower en-echelon faults. By counting the reverse separation of the horizon along the deeper faults, activity intensity on the deeper strike-slip faults in the south is stronger than that on the northern ones. The angle between the strike of the shallower en-echelon normal faults and the principal displacement zone(PDZ) below them is likely to have a tendency to decrease slightly from the south to the north, which may indicate that activity intensity on the shallower southern en-echelon faults is stronger than that on the northern ones. Comparing the reverse separation along the deeper faults and the fault throw of the shallower faults, activity intensity of the Fault zone S1 is similar across different layers, while the activity intensity of the southern faults is larger than that of the northern ones. It is obvious that both the activity intensity of the same layer in different fault zones and different layers in the same fault zone have a macro characteristic in that the southern faults show stronger activity intensity than the northern ones. The Late Ordovician décollement layer developed in the Tazhong area and the peripheral tectonic events of the Tarim Basin have been considered two main factors in the differential deformation characteristics of the strike-slip fault zones in the northern slope of Tazhong uplift. They controlled the differences in the multi-level and multi-stage deformations of the strike-slip faults, respectively. In particular, peripheral tectonic events of the Tarim Basin were the dynamic source of the formatting and evolution of the strike-slip fault zones, and good candidates to accommodate the differential activity intensity of these faults. | HAN Xiaoying TANG Liangjie DENG Shang CAO Zicheng | 2020 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2020，94，2： | 9 |
| 7 | A Differential Evolution Flower Pollination Algorithm with Dynamic Switch Probability显示文摘For the shortcomings of the basic flower pollination algorithm,this paper proposes a differential evolution flower pollination algorithm with dynamic switch probability based on the Weibull distribution.This new algorithm improved the convergence rate and precision.The switch probability is improved by Weibull distribution function combined with the number of iterations.It can balance the relationship between the global pollination and the local pollination to improve the overall optimization performance of the algorithm.Random mutation operator is merged into the global pollination process to increase diversity of the population,enhance the ability of the algorithm’s global search and avoid premature convergence.In the process of local pollination,directed mutation and crossover operation of the differential evolution are incorporated,it makes the individual flower position update with the memory function,which can choose the direction of variation reasonably.The use of cross-operation can avoid new solutions crossing the boundary.Convergence rate is improved and the algorithm can approach the global optimal solution continuously.Theoretical analysis proved the convergence and time complexity of the improved algorithm.The simulation results based on the function optimization problem show that the improved algorithm has better performance of optimization,faster convergence speed and higher convergence accuracy. | LIU Jingsen LIU Li LI Yu | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Electronics2019，28，4： | 9 |
| 8 | 水稻矮化并花发育异常突变体dwarf and deformed flower 2(ddf2)的基因定位与候选基因分析显示文摘【目的】对一个同时导致营养和生殖器官发育异常的水稻突变体进行表型鉴定、基因定位和候选基因分析,为下一步的基因克隆与功能分析奠定基础。【方法】在水稻籼型恢复系602组织培养后代中,发现一个矮化并花发育异常突变体dwarf and deformed flower 2(ddf2)。抽穗期,以野生型为对照,对ddf2株高、主穗长、节间和功能叶的长宽等性状进行统计分析;同时利用冷冻切片等技术对茎、叶和花器官进行详细的形态和组织学分析。分别以西农1A和中花11为母本,以DDF2/ddf2杂合株系为父本构建2个F2群体进行遗传分析和基因定位,并对候选基因进行实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)分析。【结果】相较于野生型,突变体各节间的长和茎粗均极显著降低,叶片极显著变短、变窄,同时花序也极显著变短。组织细胞学分析发现,突变体大叶脉数目和相邻2个大叶脉之间的小叶脉数都没有明显的变化,但相邻2个大叶脉之间的宽度明显减小,进一步比较2个小叶脉之间的叶肉细胞,发现在突变体中细胞数目和尺寸均显著降低;突变体茎秆维管束的数目与野生型相比没有明显的变化,但统计发现2个大维管束之间基本组织细胞的数量和细胞的大小都显著小于野生型,表明ddf2突变体茎、叶细胞分裂和膨胀都受到了抑制;此外,ddf2突变体的花器官特征发育受到了严重干扰:第一轮外稃顶部弯曲、内稃不同程度退化,第三轮雄蕊器官严重退化,部分甚至转化为雌蕊状器官,另外部分ddf2小穗的护颖过度发育,转变成稃片状,一些小穗还表现分生组织确定性的丢失,发育出2个以上的小花。遗传分析表明该突变性状受1对隐性基因控制。利用中花11/ddf2的1 024株F2分离群体,最终将DDF2精细定位在第11染色体短臂近着丝粒位置处,位于insertion/deletion(in/del)标记S-11和S-14之间,遗传距离分别为0.049和0.098c M,物理距离为90.295 kb,并与标记S-24共分离。分析定位区间的基因,发现共有MSU注释基因12个,其中一个编码Sec3_C蛋白的LOC_Os11g17600内部包含共分离标记S-24,进一步对该基因进行表达分析,发现该基因在突变体的叶、茎和穗中都表现出明显的下调,初步将LOC_Os11g17600作为DDF2候选基因。【结论】DDF2是一个同时控制水稻茎/叶和花器官发育的新基因。 | 张玲 郭爽 汪玲 张天泉 庄慧 龙珏臣 何光华 李云峰 | 2015 | 中国农业科学2015，48，10： | 8 |
| 9 | A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, PhFBH4, regulates flower senescence by modulating ethylene biosynthesis pathway in petunia显示文摘The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors(TFs)play important roles in regulating multiple biological processes in plants.However,there are few reports about the function of bHLHs in flower senescence.In this study,a bHLH TF,PhFBH4,was found to be dramatically upregulated during flower senescence.Transcription of PhFBH4 is induced by plant hormones and abiotic stress treatments.Silencing of PhFBH4 using virus-induced gene silencing or an antisense approach extended flower longevity,while transgenic petunia flowers with an overexpression construct showed a reduction in flower lifespan.Abundance of transcripts of senescence-related genes(SAG12,SAG29)was significantly changed in petunia PhFBH4 transgenic flowers.Furthermore,silencing or overexpression of PhFBH4 reduced or increased,respectively,transcript abundances of important ethylene biosynthesis-related genes,ACS1 and ACO1,thereby influencing ethylene production.An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the PhFBH4 protein physically interacted with the G-box cis-element in the promoter of ACS1,suggesting that ACS1 was a direct target of the PhFBH4 protein.In addition,ectopic expression of this gene altered plant development including plant height,internode length,and size of leaves and flowers,accompanied by alteration of transcript abundance of the gibberellin biosynthesis-related gene GA2OX3.Our results indicate that PhFBH4 plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development through modulating the ethylene biosynthesis pathway. | Jing Yin Xiaoxiao Chang Takao Kasuga Mai Bui Michael S Reid Cai-Zhong Jiang | 2015 | Horticulture Research2015，2，1： | 7 |
| 10 | Identification of Flowering Regulatory Genes in Allopolyploid Brassica juncea显示文摘Brassica juncea is an allopolyploid originating from the interspecific hybridization between Brassica rapa and Brassica nigra, which is of multiple usage as a vegetable, oilseed and condiment worldwide. Both vernalization and non-vernalization under long-day photoperiod can promote floral transition in B. juncea suggesting merged flowering pathways of its ancestors and better environmental adaptability. We identified genomewide flowering regulatory genes in B. juncea, which include 84 and 79 genes from A and B sub-genomes, respectively. Ka/Ks analysis revealed a purification effect on both photoperiod and vernalization flowering regulation pathways during evolution. Expression profile of those genes during long-day and vernalization treatments suggested Bju ACO4, Bju AFT1, Bju BFT4, Bju ASOC1 and Bju ASOC4 may be the major functional copies of B. juncea flowering regulation. Further functional studies about Bju COs showed three days delayed flowering time in Bju ACO4 or Bju BCO3 silenced plants. Increased transcription of all BjuFLCs in Bju ACO4 or Bju BCO3 silenced plants suggested interactions between photoperiod and vernalization pathways governing flowering time. Our findings provided flowering regulating networks in allopolyploid B. juncea. | Ning Zhao Chang Liu Yiqing Meng Zhongyuan Hu Mingfang Zhang Jinghua Yang | 2019 | Horticultural Plant Journal2019，5，3： | 6 |
| 11 | A Genomic Variation Map Provides Insights into the Genetic Basis of Spring Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp.pekinensis)Selection显示文摘Chinese cabbage is the most consumed leafy crop in East Asian countries.However,premature bolting induced by continuous low temperatures severely decreases the yield and quality of the Chinese cabbage, and therefore restricts its planting season and geographic distribution.In the past 40years,spring Chinese cabbage with strong winterness has been selected to meet the market demand.Here,we report a genome variation map of Chinese cabbage generated from the resequencing data of 194 geographically diverse accessions of three ecotypes.In-depth analyses of the selection sweeps and genome-wide patterns revealed that spring Chinese cabbage was selected from a specific population of autumn Chinese cabbage around the area of Shandong peninsula in northern China.We identified 23 genomic loci that underwent intensive selection,and further demonstrated by gene expression and haplotype analyses that the incorporation of elite alleles of VERNALISATION INSENTIVE 3.1(BrVIN3.1)and FLOWER LOCUS C 1(BrFLC1)is a determinant genetic source of variation during selection.Moreover,we showed that the quantitative response of BrVIN3.1 to cold due to the sequence variations in the cis elements of the BrVlN3.1 promoter significantly contributes to bolting-time variation in Chinese cabbage.Collectively, our study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of spring Chinese cabbage selection and will facilitate the breeding of bolting-resistant Varieties by molecular-marker-assisted selection,transgenic or gene editingapproaches. | Tongbing Su Weihong Wang Peirong Li Bin Zhang Pan Li Xiaoyun Xin Honghe Sun Yangjun Yu Deshuang Zhang Xiuyun Zhao Changlong Wen Gang Zhou Yuntong Wang Hongkun Zheng Shuancang Yu Fenglan Zhang | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，11： | 6 |
| 12 | Involvement of sweet pepper Ca LOX2 in jasmonate-dependent induced defence against Western flower thrips显示文摘Insect herbivory can seriously hinder plant performance and reduce crop yield. Thrips are minute cell-content-feeding insects that are important vectors of viral plant pathogens, and are serious crop pests. We investigated the role of a sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) lipoxygenase gene, CaLOX2, in the defense of pepper plants against Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). This was done through a combination of in-silico, transcrip-tional, behavioral andchemicalanalyses.Our datashowthat CaLOX2 is involved in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and mediates plant resistance. Expression of the JA-related marker genes, CaLOX2 and CaPIN II, was induced by thrips feeding. Silencing of CaLOX2 in pepper plants through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in low levels of CaLOX2 transcripts, as well as significant reduction in the accumulation of JA, and its derivatives, upon thrips feeding compared to control plants. CaLOX2-silenced pepper plants exhibited enhanced susceptibility to thrips. This indicates that CaLOX2 mediates JA-dependent signaling, resulting in defenseagainstthrips. Furthermore,exogenous application of JA to pepper plants increased plant resistance to thrips, constrained thrips population development and made plants less attractive to thrips. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach shows that an intact lipoxygenase pathway mediates various components of sweet pepper defense against F. occidentalis. | Sandeep J Sarde Klaas Bouwmeester Jhon Venegas-Molina Anja David Wilhelm Boland Marcel Dicke | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2019，61，10： | 6 |
| 13 | Graphene oxide as an antimicrobial agent can extenCthe vase life of cut flowers显示文摘"PlantNanOmics" is an emerging topic in agricultural research that explores thepotential effect of application of nanomaterials on plant growth. Graphene oxide(GO) has excellent properties due to its basal carbon plane and oxygen-containingfunctional groups. In the present work, the antimicrobial activity of GO wasexploited to extend the vase life and improve the quality of cut roses (cv. Carola).The results revealed that the cut roses cultivated in low doses of GO (0.1 mg/L)had longer vase life, larger diameter, and better water relations. Microbialcontaminations at the basal stem end is the most common reason for stemblockage that causes water stress and early wilting of cut flowers. GO wasfound to act as a germicide, effectively inhibiting the microbial growth atthe cut stem end and improving water uptake and water balance of cut roses.Therefore, GO can serve as a promising preservative to increase the ornamentalvalue of cut flowers. | Yijia He Lichao Qian Xu Liu Ruirui Hu Meirong Huang Yule Liu Guoqiang Chen Dusan Losic Hongwei Zhu | 2018 | Nano Research2018，11，11： | 6 |
| 14 | Volatiles from Sophora japonica flowers attract Harmonia axyridis adults(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)显示文摘The multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a common generalist predator in China and is occasionally found gathering on the Chinese pagoda tree, Sophora japonica, in summer. In a field investigation, we found that H. axyridis adults preferred S. japonica during its flowering period even though their optimal prey(aphid) is absent at this time. In addition, male and female adults were attracted to S. japonica flowers to a similar extent in a Y-tube olfactometer assay. Using coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection(GC-EAD), we identified a flower odor component(nonanal) that elicited a significant electrophysiological response in H. axyridis. Electroantennogram(EAG) dose-dependent responses revealed that the amplitude of the adult beetle's EAG response increased with increasing concentration of nonanal, peaking at 10 mg mL^(–1). In Y-tube olfactometer behavioral tests, H. axyridis adults preferred a 10 mg mL^(–1) nonanal source over a 100 mg mL^(–1) diluent. Under field conditions, the adults were significantly attracted to both concentrations(10 and 100 mg mL^(–1)), and high concentrations generally had greater attraction. All these results suggest that nonanal, a volatile compound of S. japonica flowers, greatly attracts H. axyridis adults. This study provides a basis for the development of synthetic attractants of H. axyridis, with the potential to promote biocontrol services of this generalist predator in the native area(e.g., China) and to suppress its population by mass trapping in its invasive areas. | XIU Chun-li XU Bin PAN Hong-sheng ZHANG Wei YANG Yi-zhong LU Yan-hui | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，4： | 5 |
| 15 | Transcriptome profiling reveals regulatory mechanisms underlying corolla senescence in petunia显示文摘The genetic regulatory mechanisms that govern natural corolla senescence in petunia are not well understood.To identify key genes and pathways that regulate the process,we performed a transcriptome analysis in petunia corolla at four developmental stages,including corolla fully opening without anther dehiscence(D0),corolla expansion,2 days after anthesis(D2),corolla with initial signs of senescence(D4),and wilting corolla(D7).We identified large numbers of differentially expressed genes(DEGs),ranging from 4626 between the transition from D0 and D2,1116 between D2 and D4,a transition to the onset of flower senescence,and 327 between D4 and D7,a developmental stage representing flower senescence.KEGG analysis showed that the auxin-and ethylene-related hormone biosynthesis and signaling transduction pathways were significantly activated during the flower development and highly upregulated at onset of flower senescence.Ethylene emission was detected at the D2 to D4 transition,followed by a large eruption at the D4 to D7 transition.Furthermore,large numbers of transcription factors(TFs)were activated over the course of senescence.Functional analysis by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)experiments demonstrated that inhibition of the expression of TFs,such as ethylene-related ERF,auxin-related ARF,bHLH,HB,and MADS-box,significantly extended or shortened flower longevity.Our data suggest that hormonal interaction between auxin and ethylene may play critical regulatory roles in the onset of natural corolla senescence in petunia. | Hong Wang XiaoXiao Chang Jing Lin Youhong Chang Jen-Chih Chen Michael S.Reid Cai-Zhong Jiang | 2018 | Horticulture Research2018，5，1： | 4 |
| 16 | 马尾松PmEMF2基因的克隆及表达分析显示文摘以马尾松(Pinus massoniana)为研究材料,通过RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆获得Pm EMF2基因全长,该基因完整开放阅读框全长2 184 bp,编码727个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,Pm EMF2基因含有EMF2基因保守的VEFS-Box和C2H2结构域。系统进化分析表明,马尾松Pm EMF2与白云杉(Picea glauca)和无油樟(Amborella trichopoda)等裸子植物的亲缘关系较近,EMF2类基因基本能按裸子植物、单子叶植物和双子叶植物分开。表达分析表明,Pm EMF2基因在不同组织中均有表达,在嫩茎和嫩叶中的表达量较高,Pm EMF2在雌球花发育中均表现为先升后降的表达趋势,说明Pm EMF2基因参与调控了马尾松雌球花发育。 | 陈虎 李明金 钟凤跃 杨章旗 黄永利 | 2015 | 广西林业科学2015，44，3： | 4 |
| 17 | The Earliest Ascidiate Carpel and Its Implications for Angiosperm Evolution显示文摘According to the classic doctrine of angiosperm evolution,the archetype carpel in angiosperms is of plicate form.However,this concept is facing increasing challenges from the systematics based on molecular data,which now takes ascidiate carpel as ancestral.This reorientation in evolutionary thinking cannot be fully achieved unless there is supporting fossil evidence.Here a fruit, named Liaoningfructus,is reported from the famous Yixian Formation(Early Cretaceous,125 Ma), which yielded several pioneer ang... | Xin WANG Gang HAN | 2011 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2011，85，5： | 4 |
| 18 | Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Clues into leaf-like flower mutant in Chinese orchid Cymbidium ensifolium显示文摘The floral morphology of Cymbidium ensifolium,a well-known orchid in China,has increasingly attracted horticultural and commercial attention.However,the molecular mechanisms that regulate flower development defects in C.ensifolium mutants are poorly understood.In this work,we examined a domesticated variety of C.ensifolium named‘CuiYuMuDan',or leaf-like flower mutant,which lacks typical characteristics of orchid floral organs but continues to produce sepal-to leaf-like structures along the inflorescence.We used comparative transcriptome analysis to identify 6234 genes that are differentially expressed between mutant and wild-type flowers.The majority of these differentially expre ssed genes are involved in membrane-building,anabolism regulation,and plant hormone signal transduction,implying that in the leaf-like mutant these processes play roles in the development of flower defects.In addition,we identified 152 differentially expre ssed transcription factors,including the bHLH,MYB,MIKC,and WRKY gene families.Moreover,we found 20 differentially expressed genes that are commonly involved in flower development,including MADS-box genes,CLAVATA3(CLV3),WUSCHEL(WUS),and PERIANTHIA(PAN).Among them,floral homeotic genes were further investigated by phylogenetic analysis and expression validation,which displayed distinctive spatial expression patterns and significant changes between the wild type and the mutant.This is the first report on the C.ensifolium leaf-like flower mutant transcriptome.Our results shed light on the molecular regulation of orchid flower development,and may improve our understanding of floral patterning regulation and advance molecular breeding of Chinese orchids. | Yonglu Wei Jianpeng Jin Xiani Yao Chuqiao Lu Genfa Zhu Fengxi Yang | 2020 | Plant Diversity2020，42，2： | 4 |
| 19 | 蜻蜓凤梨TERMINAL FLOWER 1基因的克隆及组织表达分析 | 雷明 李志英 王之 徐立 | 2016 | 分子植物育种2016，14，1： | 3 |
| 20 | 高中英语写作教学存在的问题及解决办法显示文摘英语是国际第二大语言,对它的教学和学习不但影响着学生的升学考试,也影响着学生综合素质的形成。但是英语教学中的写作教学,总是很多英语教师头疼的一件事情。我们知道,英语作为一门语言,它本身就担负着交际、交流的责任,可是,现在大多数学生把英语学成了"哑巴"语言,提起英文写作更是一脸愁云残淡。究其原因,不是词汇量积累不够、语法知识没掌握,就是阅读太少、练习太少,从而觉得英语写作就是一个大工程,简直望尘莫及。 | 李永强 | 2017 | 中学生英语2017，0，18： | 3 |
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