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| 1 | Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials显示文摘Metamaterials are artificial structures that are usually described by effective medium parameters on the macroscopic scale,and these metamaterials are referred to as‘analog metamaterials’.Here,we propose‘digital metamaterials’through two steps.First,we present‘coding metamaterials’that are composed of only two types of unit cells,with 0 and p phase responses,which we name‘0’and‘1’elements,respectively.By coding‘0’and‘1’elements with controlled sequences(i.e.,1-bit coding),we can manipulate electromagnetic(EM)waves and realize different functionalities.The concept of coding metamaterials can be extended from 1-bit coding to 2-bit coding or higher.In 2-bit coding,four types of unit cells,with phase responses of 0,p/2,p,and 3p/2,are required to mimic the‘00’,‘01’,‘10’and‘11’elements,respectively.The 2-bit coding has greater freedom than 1-bit coding for controlling EM waves.Second,we propose a unique metamaterial particle that has either a‘0’or‘1’response controlled by a biased diode.Based on this particle,we present‘digital metamaterials’with unit cells that possess either a‘0’or‘1’state.Using a field-programmable gate array,we realize digital control over the digital metamaterial.By programming different coding sequences,a single digital metamaterial has the ability to manipulate EM waves in different manners,thereby realizing‘programmable metamaterials’.The above concepts and physical phenomena are confirmed through numerical simulations and experiments using metasurfaces. | Tie Jun Cui Mei Qing Qi Xiang Wan Jie Zhao Qiang Cheng | 2014 | Light(Science & Applications)2014，3，1： | 130 |
| 2 | High-efficiency surface plasmon meta-couplers: concept and microwave-regime realizations显示文摘Surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs)and their low-frequency counterparts(i.e.,spoof SPPs on artificial surfaces)have recently found numerous applications in photonics,but traditional devices to excite them(such as gratings and prism couplers)all suffer from problems of inherent low efficiency because the generated SPPs can decouple,returning to free space,and reflections at the device surface can never be avoided.Here,we propose a new SPP excitation scheme based on a transparent gradient metasurface and numerically demonstrate that it exhibits inherently high efficiency(~94%)because the designed meta-coupler suppresses both decoupling and surface reflections.As a practical realization of this concept,we fabricated a meta-coupler for operation in the microwave regime and performed near-field and far-field experiments to demonstrate that the achieved excitation efficiency for spoof SPPs reaches~73%,which is several times higher than that achieved by other available devices in this frequency domain.Our findings can motivate the design and fabrication of high-performance plasmonic devices to harvest light–matter interactions,particularly those related to spoof SPPs in the low-frequency domain. | Wujiong Sun Qiong He Shulin Sun Lei Zhou | 2016 | Light(Science & Applications)2016，5，1： | 23 |
| 3 | Giant photonic spin Hall effect in momentum space in a structured metamaterial with spatially varying birefringence显示文摘The photonic spin Hall effect(SHE)in the reflection and refraction at an interface is very weak because of the weak spin-orbit interaction.Here,we report the observation of a giant photonic SHE in a dielectric-based metamaterial.The metamaterial is structured to create a coordinate-dependent,geometric Pancharatnam–Berry phase that results in an SHE with a spin-dependent splitting in momentum space.It is unlike the SHE that occurs in real space in the reflection and refraction at an interface,which results from the momentum-dependent gradient of the geometric Rytov–Vladimirskii–Berry phase.We theorize a unified description of the photonic SHE based on the two types of geometric phase gradient,and we experimentally measure the giant spin-dependent shift of the beam centroid produced by the metamaterial at a visible wavelength.Our results suggest that the structured metamaterial offers a potential method of manipulating spin-polarized photons and the orbital angular momentum of light and thus enables applications in spin-controlled nanophotonics. | Xiaohui Ling Xinxing Zhou Xunong Yi Weixing Shu Yachao Liu Shizhen Chen Hailu Luo Shuangchun Wen Dianyuan Fan | 2015 | Light(Science & Applications)2015，4，1： | 15 |
| 4 | Microwave metamaterials: from exotic physics to novel information systems显示文摘Metamaterials and metasurfaces have attracted much attention due to their powerful ability to control electromagnetic(EM)waves.In this paper,we review the recent developments in the field of EM metamaterials,starting from their exotic physics to their applications in novel information systems.First,we show the fundamental understanding on traditional metamaterials based on the effective medium theory and related applications,such as invisibility cloaks and meta-lenses.Second,we review the two-dimensional versions of metamaterials,i.e.,metasurfaces,for controlling spatial waves and surface waves and thereafter present their typical designs.In particular,we briefly introduce spoof surface plasmon polaritons and their applications in microwave frequencies.Following the above approach,we emphatically present the concepts of digital coding metamaterials,programmable metamaterials,and information metamaterials.By extending the principles of information science to metamaterial designs,several functional devices and information systems are presented,which enable digital and EM-wave manipulations simultaneously.Finally,we give a brief summary of the development prospects for microwave metamaterials. | Rui-yuan WU Tie-jun CUI | 2020 | Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering2020，21，1： | 7 |
| 5 | Controlling light-with-light without nonlinearity显示文摘According to the fundamental Huygens superposition principle,light beams traveling in a linear medium will pass though one another without mutual disturbance.Indeed,the field of photonics is based on the premise that controlling light signals with light requires intense laser fields to facilitate beam interactions in nonlinear media,where the superposition principle can be broken.Here we challenge this wisdom and demonstrate that two coherent beams of light of arbitrarily low intensity can interact on a metamaterial layer of nanoscale thickness in such a way that one beam modulates the intensity of the other.We show that the interference of beams can eliminate the plasmonic Joule losses of light energy in the metamaterial or,in contrast,can lead to almost total absorption of light.Applications of this phenomenon may lie in ultrafast all-optical pulse-recovery devices,coherence filters and terahertz-bandwidth light-by-light modulators. | Jianfa Zhang Kevin F MacDonald Nikolay I Zheludev | 2012 | Light(Science & Applications)2012，1，1： | 5 |
| 6 | A new design of dual-constituent triangular lattice metamaterial with unbounded thermal expansion显示文摘Triangular lattice metamaterials composed of bi-layer curved rib elements (called the Lehman-Lakes lattice) possess unbounded thermal expansion, high stiffness and impossibility of thermal buckling, which are highly desirable in many engineering structural applications subjected to large fluctuations in temperature. However, the requirement of such lattice metamaterial is that it must be a hinged joint in order to achieve the bending deformation upon heating freely, which directly leads to poor manufacturability, especially in small dimensions. In this study, a new design of dual-constituent triangular lattice metamaterial (DTLM) with good manufacturability is proposed to achieve the identical unbounded thermal expansion. In this lattice, a special bi-layer curved rib element where layer one is partially covered by layer two is presented, where the hinge joints are not necessary because the flexural rigidity in the single-layer part is much smaller than that in the bi-layer part, and the desirable thermal bending deformation can be achieved. A sample fabricated by additive manufacturing is given in order to show the good manufacturability;simultaneously, the multifunctional performance of the tailored DTLM with zero, large positive or negative coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) can remain excellent, as well as the Lehman-Lakes lattice. Examples illustrate that the DTLM with zero CTE has about 34.2% improvement in stiffness and meanwhile has 17% reduction in weight compared with the Lehman-Lakes lattice. The stiffness of the DTLM has a moderate reduction when achieving the same large positive or negative CTE. In addition, the thermomechanical properties of the DTLM are given by the closed-form analytical solution and their effectiveness is verified by the detailed numerical simulation. | Y.C.Zhang Y.J.Liang S.T.Liu Y.D.Su | 2019 | Acta Mechanica Sinica2019，35，3： | 5 |
| 7 | Digital Light Processing 3D-Printed Ceramic Metamaterials for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption显示文摘Combining 3D printing with precursor-derived ceramic for fabricating electromagnetic(EM) wave-absorbing metamaterials has attracted great attention. This study presents a novel ultraviolet-curable polysiloxane precursor for digital light processing(DLP) 3D printing to fabricate ceramic parts with complex geometry, no cracks and linear shrinkage. Guiding with the principles of impedance matching, attenuation, and effective-medium theory, we design a crosshelix-array metamaterial model based on the complex permittivity constant of precursor-derived ceramics. The corresponding ceramic metamaterials can be successfully prepared by DLP printing and subsequent pyrolysis process, achieving a low reflection coefficient and a wide effective absorption bandwidth in the X-band even under high temperature. This is a general method that can be extended to other bands, which can be realized by merely adjusting the unit structure of meta-materials. This strategy provides a novel and effective avenue to achieve “target-design-fabricating” ceramic metamaterials, and it exposes the downstream applications of highly efficient and broad EM wave-absorbing materials and structures with great potential applications. | Rui Zhou Yansong Wang Ziyu Liu Yongqiang Pang Jianxin Chen Jie Kong | 2022 | Nano-Micro Letters2022，14，7： | 4 |
| 8 | Liquid crystal integrated metamaterial for multi-band terahertz linear polarization conversion显示文摘We experimentally investigate the linear polarization conversion for terahertz(THz)waves in liquid crystal(LC)integrated metamaterials,which consist of an LC layer sandwiched by two orthogonally arranged sub-wavelength metal gratings.A Fabry-Perot-like cavity is well constructed by the front and rear gratings,and it shows a strong local resonance mechanism,which greatly enhances the polarization conversion efficiency.Most importantly,the Fabry-Perot-like resonance can be actively tuned by modulating the refractive index of the middle LC layer under the external field.As a result,the integrated metamaterial achieves multi-band tunable linear polarization conversion. | 许士通 范飞 曹洪忠 王英华 常胜江 | 2021 | Chinese Optics Letters2021，19，9： | 4 |
| 9 | Geometric and physical configurations of meta-atoms for advanced metasurface holography显示文摘Metasurfaces consisting of subwavelength structures,so-called meta-atoms,have steadily attracted considerable attention for advanced holography due to their advantages in terms of high-resolution holographic images,large field of view,and compact device volume.In contrast to conventional holographic displays using bulky conventional diffractive optical elements,metasurface holography enables arbitrary complex wavefront shaping with a much smaller footprint.In this review,we classify metasurface holography according to the meta-atom design methodologies,which can further expand hologram functionalities.We describe light-matter interactions,particularly in metasurface systems,using the relevant the Jones matrix to rigorously explain modulations of the amplitude,phase,and polarization of light.Six different types of metaatoms are presented,and the corresponding achievable wavefronts that form the holographic images in the far-field are also provided.Such a simple classification will give a straightforward approach to design and further realize advanced metasurface holographic devices. | Joohoon Kim Younghwan Yang Trevon Badloe Inki Kim Gwanho Yoon Junsuk Rho | 2021 | InfoMat2021，3，7： | 4 |
| 10 | Integrated spoof plasmonic circuits显示文摘Using a metamaterial consisting of metals with subwavelength surface patterning, one can mimic surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs) and achieve surface waves with subwavelength confinement at microwave and terahertz frequencies, thus bringing most of the advantages associated with the optical SPPs to lower frequencies. Due to the properties of strong field confinement and high local field intensity, spoof SPPs have demonstrated the improved performance for data transmission and device miniaturization in an intensively integrated environment. The distinctive abilities, such as suppression of transmission loss and bending loss, and increase of signal integrity, make spoof SPPs a promising candidate for future generation of electronic circuits and electromagnetic systems. This article reviews the progress in spoof SPPs with a special focus on their applications in circuits from transmission lines to passive and active devices in microwave and terahertz regimes. The integration of versatile spoof SPP devices on a single platform,which is compatible with established electronic circuits, is also discussed. | Jingjing Zhang Hao-Chi Zhang Xin-Xin Gao Le-Peng Zhang Ling-Yun Niu Pei-Hang He Tie-Jun Cui | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，12： | 3 |
| 11 | Improving the mid-infrared energy absorption efficiency by using a dual-band metamaterial absorber显示文摘In this paper, a dual-band mid-infrared metamaterial absorber was proposed to improve the energy absorption efficiency. Up to 99% absorption was obtained at 9.03 and 11.83 μm in the simulation, and each absorption band can be tuned by the dielectric spacing layer, i.e., the dielectric constant and its thickness. The dual-band absorption mechanism was analyzed, and the quite well absorption performance at large incident angles was also presented. The results of this study can be applied in the field of thermal absorbing and solar energy harvesting. | Nan Zhang Peiheng Zhou Shifeng Zou Xiaolong Weng Jianliang Xie Longjiang Deng | 2014 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2014，24，2： | 2 |
| 12 | Nonlinear dielectric optomechanical metamaterials显示文摘We introduce a dielectric photonic metamaterial presenting a giant nonlinear optical response driven by resonant optomechanical forces.Being inherently free of Joule losses,it exhibits optical bistability at intensity levels of less than 0.2 mW mm22 and,furthermore,manifests nonlinear asymmetric transmission with a forward:backward optical extinction ratio of more than 30 dB. | Jianfa Zhang Kevin F MacDonald Nikolay I Zheludev | 2013 | Light(Science & Applications)2013，2，1： | 2 |
| 13 | Revolutionary meta-imaging:from superlens to metalens显示文摘The refractive-lens technique has been well developed over a long period of evolution,offering powerful imaging functionalities,such as microscopes,telescopes,and spectroscopes.Nevertheless,the ever-growing requirements continue to urge further enhanced imaging capabilities and upgraded devices that are more compact for convenience.Metamaterial as a fascinating concept has inspired unprecedented new explorations in physics,material science,and optics,not only in fundamental researches but also novel applications.Along with the imaging topic,this paper reviews the progress of the flat lens as an important branch of metamaterials,covering the early superlens with super-diffraction capability and current hot topics of metalenses including a paralleled strategy of multilevel diffractive lenses.Numerous efforts and approaches have been dedicated to areas ranging from the new fascinating physics to feasible applications.This review provides a clear picture of the flat-lens evolution from the perspective of metamaterial design,elucidating the relation and comparison between a superlens and metalens,and addressing derivative designs.Finally,application scenarios that favor the ultrathin lens technique are emphasized with respect to possible revolutionary imaging devices,followed by conclusive remarks and prospects. | Tao Li Chen Chen Xingjian Xiao Ji Chen Shanshan Hu Shining Zhu | 2023 | Photonics Insights2023，2，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Free control of far-field scattering angle of transmission terahertz wave using multilayer split-ring resonators'metasurfaces显示文摘To enhance transmission eficiency of Pancharatnam Berry(PB)phase metasurfaces,multilayer split-ring resonators were proposed to develop encoding sequences.As per the generalized Snell's law,the deflection angle of the PB phase encoding metasurfaces depends on the metasurface period's size.Therefore,it is impossible to design an infinitesimal metasurface unit;consequently,the continuous transmission scattering angle cannot be obtained.In digital signal processing,this study introduces the Fourier convolution principle on encoding metasurface sequences to freely control the trausmitted scattering angles.Both addition and subtraction operations between two diferent encoding sequences were then performed to achieve the continuous variation of the scattering angle.Furthermore,we established that the Fourier convolution principle can be applied to the checkerboard coded metasur-faces. | Ying Tian Xufeng Jing Haiyong Gan Chenxia Li Zhi Hong | 2020 | Frontiers of physics2020，15，6： | 2 |
| 15 | Ultraefficient thermoacoustic conversion through a split ring resonator显示文摘Microwaves,which have a∼10-cm wavelength,can penetrate deeper into tissue than photons,heralding exciting deep tissue applications such as modulation or imaging via the thermoacoustic effect.Thermoacoustic conversion efficiency is however very low,even with an exogenous contrast agent.We break this low-conversion limit,using a split ring resonator to effectively collect and confine the microwaves into a submillimeter hot spot for ultrasound emission and achieve a conversion efficiency over 2000 times higher than other reported thermoacoustic contrast agents.Importantly,the frequency of emitted ultrasound can be precisely tuned and multiplexed by modulation of the microwave pulses.Such performance is inaccessible by a piezoelectric-based transducer or a photoacoustic emitter and,therefore,split ring resonators open up new opportunities to study the frequency response of cells in ultrasonic biomodulation.For applications in deep tissue localization,a split ring resonator can be used as a wireless,battery-free ultrasound beacon placed under a breast phantom. | Lu Lan Yueming Li Tiffany Yang-Tran Ying Jiang Yingchun Cao Ji-Xin Cheng | 2020 | Advanced Photonics2020，2，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Light-controllable time-domain digital coding metasurfaces显示文摘Programmable metasurfaces enable real-time control of electromagnetic waves in a digital coding manner,which are suitable for implementing time-domain metasurfaces with strong harmonic manipulation capabilities.However,the time-domain metasurfaces are usually realized by adopting the wired electrical control method,which is effective and robust,but there are still some limitations.Here,we propose a light-controllable time-domain digital coding metasurface consisting of a full-polarization dynamic metasurface and a high-speed photoelectric detection circuit,from which the microwave reflection spectra are manipulated by time-varying light signals with periodic phase modulations.As demonstrated,the light-controllable timedomain digital coding metasurface is illuminated by the light signals with two designed time-coding sequences.The measured results show that the metasurface can well generate symmetrical harmonics and white-noise-like spectra,respectively,under such cases in the reflected wave.The proposed lightcontrollable time-varying metasurface offers a planar interface to tailor and link microwaves with lights in the time domain,which could promote the development of photoelectric hybrid metasurfaces and related multiphysics applications. | Xin Ge Zhang Ya Lun Sun Bingcheng Zhu Wei Xiang Jiang Zaichen Zhang Tie Jun Cui | 2022 | Advanced Photonics2022，4，2： | 1 |
| 17 | FIB Secondary Etching Method for Fabrication of Fine CNT Forest Metamaterials显示文摘Anisotropic materials, like carbon nanotubes(CNTs), are the perfect substitutes to overcome the limitations of conventional metamaterials; however, the successful fabrication of CNT forest metamaterial structures is still very challenging. In this study, a new method utilizing a focused ion beam(FIB) with additional secondary etching is presented, which can obtain uniform and fine patterning of CNT forest nanostructures for metamaterials and ranging in sizes from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers. The influence of the FIB processing parameters on the morphology of the catalyst surface and the growth of the CNT forest was investigated, including the removal of redeposited material,decreasing the average surface roughness(from 0.45 to 0.15 nm), and a decrease in the thickness of the Fe catalyst.The results showed that the combination of FIB patterning and secondary etching enabled the growth of highly aligned, highdensity CNT forest metamaterials. The improvement in the quality of single-walled CNTs(SWNTs), defined by the very high G/D peak ratio intensity of 10.47, demonstrated successful fine patterning of CNT forest for the first time. With a FIB patterning depth of 10 nm and a secondary etching of 0.5 nm, a minimum size of 150 nm of CNT forest metamaterials was achieved. The development of the FIB secondary etching method enabled for the first time, the fabrication of SWNT forest metamaterials for the optical and infrared regime, for future applications, e.g., in superlenses, antennas,or thermal metamaterials. | Adam Pander Akimitsu Hatta Hiroshi Furuta | 2017 | Nano-Micro Letters2017，9，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Dual band metamaterial absorber:Combination of plasmon and Mie resonances显示文摘A dual band metamaterial absorber composed of dielectric and metallic atoms with high symmetry was numerically designed and experimentally verified.Due to simultaneously generated electric and magnetic resonances of both plasmon and Mie resonators,two absorption peaks with near unity absorptivity were obtained at 9.45 and 9.80 GHz.The loss of the electromagnetic wave at the first resonance frequency was mainly caused by ohmic loss based on plasmon resonance.For the second absorption peak resonance frequency,the incident wave was trapped inside the dielectric cube and the main loss of the electromagnetic wave was caused by dielectric loss based on Mie resonance.Most of the proposed dual band metamaterial absorbers were sensitive to the polarization direction hindering its potential applications in scientific and technological areas.Combing both plasmon and Mie resonances provides a new and simple way to build dual band isotropic metamaterial perfect absorbers eliminating polarization effect. | Chenchong Wang Minghao Huang Zhen Zhang Wei Xu | 2020 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2020，52，18： | 1 |
| 19 | Metamaterial参数提取算法与修正显示文摘针对Metamaterial电磁参数提取问题,从面向各向同性媒质的S参数反演算法出发,提出了该算法计算过程中所需要采用的修正算法,使得该算法能够有效地提取Metamaterial中复合左右手传输线结构与谐振单元结构的电磁参数,拓展了该算法的适用范围。修正算法包括非对称修正、去分支修正和微带线修正。通过计算标准微带线模型、开口谐振环与细导线的模型对改进的算法进行了比对验证。结果表明,改进算法能够有效地提取超材料的电磁参数,并符合因果性条件。 | 陈沛林 蔚保国 郑晓冬 | 2018 | 无线电工程2018，48，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Electromagnetically induced transparency in novel dual-band metamaterial excited by toroidal dipolar response显示文摘We demonstrated a novel metamaterial with dual-band electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)via simulation,experiment and numerical analysis,with resonance frequencies of the trans-parency peaks of 7.60 and 10.27 GHz.The E-εmetamaterial unit cells were composed of E-shaped and e-shaped patterns.By analyzing the surface current distribution and the magnetic field,we qualitatively verified the toroidal dipole response in the E-εmetamaterial at 10.27 GHz.Meanwhile,by calculating the multipole's radiated power,we found that the two transparency peaks were due to the excitation of the electric and toroidal dipole responses.By changing the incident angle from 0°to 60°,we observed changes in transmission spectra,and the quality factors(Q-factors)of the two transparency peaks increased.In addition,the proposed E-εmetamaterial can be designed to act as a refractive index sensor or other electronic equipment for the control of electromagnetic waves. | Zhao-Yang Shen He-Lin Yang Xuan Liu Xiao-Jun Huang Tian-Yu Xiang Jiong Wu Wei Chen | 2020 | Frontiers of physics2020，15，1： | 1 |
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