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| 1 | Human dental pulp stem cells: Applications in future regenerative medicine显示文摘Stem cells are pluripotent cells, having a property of differentiating into various types of cells of human body. Several studies have developed mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) from various human tissues,peripheral blood and body fluids. These cells are then characterized by cellular and molecular markers to understand their specific phenotypes. Dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs) are having a MSCs phenotype and they are differentiated into neuron, cardiomyocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, liver cells and β cells of islet of pancreas. Thus, DPSCs have shown great potentiality to use in regenerative medicine for treatment of various human diseases including dental related problems. These cells can also be developed into induced pluripotent stem cells by incorporation of pluripotency markers and use for regenerative therapies of various diseases. The DPSCs are derived from various dental tissues such as human exfoliated deciduous teeth, apical papilla, periodontal ligament and dental follicle tissue. This review will overview the information about isolation, cellular and molecular characterization and differentiation of DPSCs into various types of human cells and thus these cells have important applications in regenerative therapies for various diseases. This review will be most useful for postgraduate dental students as well as scientists working in the field of oral pathology and oral medicine. | Pravin D Potdar Yogita D Jethmalani | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，5： | 18 |
| 2 | Current progress and prospects of induced pluripotent stem cells显示文摘Induced pluripotent stem(iPS) cells are derived from somatic cells by ectopic expression of few transcription factors.Like embryonic stem(ES) cells,iPS cells are able to self-renew indefinitely and to differentiate into all types of cells in the body.iPS cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine,because iPS cells circumvent not only immunological rejection but also ethical issues.Since the first report on the derivation of iPS cells in 2006,many laboratories all over the world started research on iPS cells and have made significant progress.This paper reviews recent progress in iPS cell research,including the methods to generate iPS cells,the molecular mechanism of reprogramming in the formation of iPS cells,and the potential applications of iPS cells in cell replacement therapy.Current problems that need to be addressed and the prospects for iPS research are also discussed. | CHEN LingYi & Liu Lin Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education,College of Life Sciences,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，7： | 11 |
| 3 | Medaka fish stem cells and their applications显示文摘Stem cells are present in developing embryos and adult tissues of multicellular organisms. Owing to their unique features, stem cells provide excellent opportunities for experimental analyses of basic developmental processes such as pluripotency control and cell fate decision and for regenerative medicine by stem cell-based therapy. Stem cell cultures have been best studied in 3 vertebrate organisms. These are the mouse, human and a small laboratory fish called medaka. Specifically, medaka has given rise to the first embryonic stem (ES) cells besides the mouse, the first adult testis-derived male stem cells spermatogonia capable of test-tube sperm production, and most recently, even haploid ES cells capable of producing Holly, a semi-cloned fertile female medaka from a mosaic oocyte created by microinjecting a haploid ES cell nucleus directly into a normal oocyte. These breakthroughs make medaka a favoring vertebrate model for stem cell research, the topic of this review. | YI MeiSheng1, HONG Ni1, LI ZhenDong1, YAN Yan1,2, WANG DanKe1, ZHAO HaoBin1,3 & HONG YunHan1,4* 1Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore 2Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore 3Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China 4State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，4： | 10 |
| 4 | Sox2, a key factor in the regulation of pluripotency and neural differentiation显示文摘Sex determining region Y-box 2(Sox2), a member of the SoxB1 transcription factor family, is an important transcriptional regulator in pluripotent stem cells(PSCs). Together with octamer-binding transcription factor 4 and Nanog, they co-operatively control gene expression in PSCs and maintain their pluripotency. Furthermore, Sox2 plays an essential role in somatic cell reprogram-ming, reversing the epigenetic configuration of differ-entiated cells back to a pluripotent embryonic state. In addition to its role in regulation of pluripotency, Sox2 is also a critical factor for directing the differentiation of PSCs to neural progenitors and for maintaining the properties of neural progenitor stem cells. Here, we review recent findings concerning the involvement of Sox2 in pluripotency, somatic cell reprogramming and neural differentiation as well as the molecular mecha-nisms underlying these roles. | Shuchen Zhang Wei Cui | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，3： | 9 |
| 5 | Cell totipotency:molecular features,induction,and maintenance显示文摘In mammals, pluripotent stem cells can give rise to every cell type of embryonic lineage, and hold great potential in regenerative medicine and disease modeling. Guided by the mechanism underlying pluripotency, pluripotent stem cells have been successfully induced through manipulating the transcriptional and epigenetic networks of various diferentiated cell types. However, the factors that confer totipotency, the ability to give rise to cells in both embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages still remain poorly understood. It is currently unknown whether totipotency can be induced and maintained in vitro. In this review, we summarize the current progress in the ield, with the aim of providing a foundation for understanding the mechanisms that regulate totipotency. | Falong Lu Yi Zhang | 2015 | National Science Review2015，2，2： | 6 |
| 6 | Cell signalling pathways underlying induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming显示文摘Induced pluripotent stem(i PS) cells, somatic cells reprogrammed to the pluripotent state by forced expression of defined factors, represent a uniquely valuable resource for research and regenerative medicine. However, this methodology remains inefficient due to incomplete mechanistic understanding of the reprogramming process. In recent years, various groups have endeavoured to interrogate the cell signalling that governs the reprogramming process, including LIF/STAT3, BMP, PI3 K, FGF2, Wnt, TGFβ and MAPK pathways, with the aim of increasing our understanding and identifying new mechanisms of improving safety, reproducibility and efficiency. This has led to a unified model of reprogramming that consists of 3 stages: initiation, maturation and stabilisation. Initiation of reprogramming occurs in almost all cells that receive the reprogramming transgenes; most commonly Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c Myc, and involves a phenotypic mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. The initiation stage is also characterised by increased proliferation and a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. The maturation stage is considered the major bottleneck within the process, resulting in very few 'stabilisation competent' cells progressing to the final stabilisation phase. To reach this stage in both mouse and human cells, pre-i PS cells must activate endogenous expression of the core circuitry of pluripotency, comprising Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, and thus reach a state of transgene independence. By the stabilisation stage, i PS cells generally use the same signalling networks that govern pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. These pathways differ between mouse and human cells although recent work has demonstrated that this is context dependent. As i PS cell generation technologies move forward, tools are being developed to interrogate the process in more detail, thus allowing a greater understanding of this intriguing biological phenomenon. | Kate Hawkins Shona Joy Tristan Mc Kay | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，5： | 5 |
| 7 | LIN28A inhibits DUSP family phosphatases and activates MAPK signaling pathway to maintain pluripotency in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells显示文摘LIN28A,an RNA-binding protein,plays an important role in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells(piPSCs).However,the molecular mechanism underlying the function of LIN28A in the maintenance of pluripotency in piPSCs remains unclear.Here,we explored the function of LIN28A in piPSCs based on its overexpression and knockdown.We performed total RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)of piPSCs and detected the expression levels of relevant genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),western blot analysis,and immunofluorescence staining.Results indicated that piPSC proliferation ability decreased following LIN28A knockdown.Furthermore,when LIN28A expression in the shLIN28A2 group was lower(by 20%)than that in the negative control knockdown group(shNC),the pluripotency of piPSCs disappeared and they differentiated into neuroectoderm cells.Results also showed that LIN28A overexpression inhibited the expression of DUSP(dual-specificity phosphatases)family phosphatases and activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway.Thus,LIN28A appears to activate the MAPK signaling pathway to maintain the pluripotency and proliferation ability of piPSCs.Our study provides a new resource for exploring the functions of LIN28A in piPSCs. | Xiao-Long Wu Zhen-Shuo Zhu Xia Xiao Zhe Zhou Shuai Yu Qiao-Yan Shen Ju-Qing Zhang Wei Yue Rui Zhang Xin He Sha Peng Shi-Qiang Zhang Na Li Ming-Zhi Liao Jin-Lian Hua | 2021 | Zoological Research2021，42，3： | 5 |
| 8 | Embryonic stem cell factors and pancreatic cancer显示文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),the most common type of pancreatic tumor,is a highly aggressive human cancer with the lowest five-year survival rate of any human maligancy primarily due to its earlymetastasis and lack of response to chemotherapy and radiation.Recent research suggests that PDAC cells comprise a hierarchy of tumor cells that develop around a population of cancer stem cells(CSCs),a small and distinct population of cancer cells that mediates tumoregenesis,metastasis and resistance to standard treatments.Thus,CSCs could be a target for more effective treatment options.Interestingly,pancreatic CSCs are subject to regulation by some of key embryonic stem cell(ESC)transctiption factors abberently expressed in PDAC,such as SOX2,OCT4 and NANOG.ESC transcription factors are important DNA-binding proteins present in both embryonic and adult somatic cells.The critical role of these factors in reprogramming processes makes them essential not only for embryonic development but also tumorigenesis.Here we provide an overview of stem cell transcription factors,particularly SOX2,OCT4,and NANOG,on their expression and function in pancreatic cancer.In contrast to embryonic stem cells,in which OCT4 and SOX2 are tightly regulated and physically interact to regulate a wide spectrum of target genes,de novo SOX2 expression alone in pancreatic cancer cells is sufficient to promote self-renewal,dedifferentiation and imparting stemness characteristics via impacting specific cell cycle regulatory genes and epithelial-mesnechymal transtion driver genes.Thus,targeting ESC factors,particularly SOX2,could be a worthy strategy for pancreatic cancer therapy. | Marta Herreros-Villanueva Luis Bujanda Daniel D Billadeau Jin-San Zhang | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，9： | 5 |
| 9 | Perspectives of pluripotent stem cells in livestock显示文摘The recent progress in derivation of pluripotent stem cells(PSCs)from farm animals opens new approaches not only for reproduction,genetic engineering,treatment and conservation of these species,but also for screening novel drugs for their efficacy and toxicity,and modelling of human diseases.Initial attempts to derive PSCs from the inner cell mass of blastocyst stages in farm animals were largely unsuccessful as either the cells survived for only a few passages,or lost their cellular potency;indicating that the protocols which allowed the derivation of murine or human embryonic stem(ES)cells were not sufficient to support the maintenance of ES cells from farm animals.This scenario changed by the innovation of induced pluripotency and by the development of the 3 inhibitor culture conditions to support naïve pluripotency in ES cells from livestock species.However,the long-term culture of livestock PSCs while maintaining the full pluripotency is still challenging,and requires further refinements.Here,we review the current achievements in the derivation of PSCs from farm animals,and discuss the potential application areas. | Dharmendra Kumar Thirumala R Talluri Naresh L Selokar Iqbal Hyder Wilfried A Ku | 2021 | World Journal of Stem Cells2021，13，1： | 4 |
| 10 | Induced pluripotent stem cells throughout the animal kingdom:Availability and applications显示文摘Up until the mid 2000s, the capacity to generate every cell of an organism was exclusive to embryonic stem cells. In 2006, researchers Takahashi and Yamanaka developed an alternative method of generating embryonic-like stem cells from adult cells, which they coined induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Such iPSCs possess most of the advantages of embryonic stem cells without the ethical stigma associated with derivation of the latter. The possibility of generating “custom-made” pluripotent cells, ideal for patient-specific disease models, alongside their possible applications in regenerative medicine and reproduction, has drawn a lot of attention to the field with numbers of iPSC studies published growing exponentially. IPSCs have now been generated for a wide variety of species, including but not limited to, mouse, human, primate, wild felines, bovines, equines, birds and rodents, some of which still lack well-established embryonic stem cell lines. The paucity of robust characterization of some of these iPSC lines as well as the residual expression of transgenes involved in the reprogramming process still hampers the use of such cells in species preservation or medical research, underscoring the requirement for further investigations. Here, we provide an extensive overview of iPSC generated from a broad range of animal species including their potential applications and limitations. | Lais Vicari de Figueiredo Pessoa Fabiana Fernandes Bressan Kristine Karla Freude | 2019 | World Journal of Stem Cells2019，11，8： | 4 |
| 11 | Spermatogonial stem cells:Current biotechnological advances in reproduction and regenerative medicine显示文摘Spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs) are the germ stem cells of the seminiferous epithelium in the testis. Through the process of spermatogenesis, they produce sperm while concomitantly keeping their cellular pool constant through self-renewal. SSC biology offers important applications for animal reproduction and overcoming human disease through regenerative therapies. To this end, several techniques involving SSCs have been developed and will be covered in this article. SSCs convey genetic information to the next generation, a property that can be exploited forgene targeting. Additionally, SSCs can be induced to become embryonic stem cell-like pluripotent cells in vitro. Updates on SSC transplantation techniques with related applications, such as fertility restoration and preservation of endangered species, are also covered on this article. SSC suspensions can be transplanted to the testis of an animal and this has given the basis for SSC functional assays. This procedure has proven technically demanding in large animals and men. In parallel, testis tissue xenografting, another transplantation technique, was developed and resulted in sperm production in testis explants grafted into ectopical locations in foreign species. Since SSC culture holds a pivotal role in SSC biotechnologies, current advances are overviewed. Finally, spermatogenesis in vitro, already demonstrated in mice, offers great promises to cope with reproductive issues in the farm animal industry and human clinical applications. | Pedro Manuel Aponte | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，4： | 3 |
| 12 | Epigenetics and chromatin plasticity in embryonic stem cells显示文摘The study of embryonic stem cells is in the spotlight in many laboratories that study the structure and function of chromatin and epigenetic processes. The key properties of embryonic stem cells are their capacity for selfrenewal and their pluripotency. Pluripotent stem cells are able to differentiate into the cells of all three germ layers, and because of this property they represent a promising therapeutic tool in the treatment of diseases such as Parkinson's disease and diabetes, or in the healing of lesions after heart attack. As the basic nuclear unit, chromatin is responsible for the regulation of the functional status of cells, including pluripotency and differentiation. Therefore, in this review we discuss the functional changes in chromatin during differentiation and the correlation between epigenetics events and the differentiation potential of embryonic stem cells. In particular we focus on post-translational histone modification, DNA methylation and the heterochromatin protein HP1 and its unique function in mouse and human embryonic stem cells. | Terézia Pikrylová Jií Pacherník Stanislav Kozubek Eva Bártová | 2013 | World Journal of Stem Cells2013，5，3： | 3 |
| 13 | Mechanism and methods to induce pluripotency显示文摘Pluripotent stem cells are able to self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into all types of cells in the body.They can thus be an inexhaustible source for future cell transplantation therapy to treat degenerative diseases which currently have no cure.However,non-autologous cells will cause immune rejection.Induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)technology can convert somatic cells to the pluripotent state,and therefore offers a solution to this problem.Since the first generation of iPSCs,there has been an explosion of relevant research,from which we have learned much about the genetic networks and epigenetic landscape of pluripotency,as well as how to manipulate genes,epigenetics,and microRNAs to obtain iPSCs.In this review,we focus on the mechanism of cellular reprogramming and current methods to induce pluripotency.We also highlight new problems emerging from iPSCs.Better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying pluripotenty and refining the methodology of iPSC generation will have a significant impact on future development of regenerative medicine. | Peizhe Wang Jie Na | 2011 | Protein & Cell2011，2，10： | 3 |
| 14 | Simplified three-dimensional culture system for long-term expansion of embryonic stem cells显示文摘AIM: To devise a simplified and efficient method for long-term culture and maintenance of embryonic stem cells requiring less frequent passaging. METHODS: Mouse embryonic stem cells(ESCs) labeled with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein were cultured in three-dimensional(3-D) self-assembling scaffolds and compared with traditional two-dimentional(2-D) culture techniques requiring mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layers or leukemia inhibitory factor. 3-D scaffolds encapsulating ESCs were prepared by mixing ESCs with polyethylene glycol tetra-acrylate(PEG-4-Acr) and thiolfunctionalized dextran(Dex-SH). Distribution of ESCs in 3-D was monitored by confocal microscopy. Viability and proliferation of encapsulated cells during long-term culture were determined by propidium iodide as well as direct cell counts and PrestoB lue(PB) assays. Genetic expression of pluripotency markers(Oct4, Nanog, Klf4, and Sox2) in ESCs grown under 2-D and 3-D cultureconditions was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression of selected stemness markers was determined by two different methods, immunofluorescence staining(Oct4 and Nanog) and western blot analysis(Oct4, Nanog, and Klf4). Pluripotency of 3-D scaffold grown ESCs was analyzed by in vivo teratoma assay and in vitro differentiation via embryoid bodies into cells of all three germ layers. RESULTS: Self-assembling scaffolds encapsulating ESCs for 3-D culture without the loss of cell viability were prepared by mixing PEG-4-Acr and Dex-SH(1:1 v/v) to a final concentration of 5%(w/v). Scaffold integrity was dependent on the degree of thiol substitution of Dex-SH and cell concentration. Scaffolds prepared using Dex-SH with 7.5% and 33% thiol substitution and incubated in culture medium maintained their integrity for 11 and 13 d without cells and 22 ± 5 d and 37 ± 5 d with cells, respectively. ESCs formed compact colonies, which progressively increased in size over time due to cell proliferation as determined by confocal microscopy and PB staining. 3-D scaffold cultured ESCs expressed significantly higher levels(P < 0.01) of Oct4, Nanog, and Kl4, showing a 2.8, 3.0 and 1.8 fold increase, respectively, in comparison to 2-D grown cells. A similar increase in the protein expression levels of Oct4, Nanog, and Klf4 was observed in 3-D grown ESCs. However, when 3-D cultured ESCs were subsequently passaged in 2-D culture conditions, the level of these pluripotent markers was reduced to normal levels. 3-D grown ESCs produced teratomas and yielded cells of all three germ layers, expressing brachyury(mesoderm), NCAM(ectoderm), and GATA4(endoderm) markers. Furthermore, these cells differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and neural lineages expressing Col1, Col2, Myog, and Nestin, respectively. CONCLUSION: This novel 3-D culture system demonstrated long-term maintenance of mouse ESCs without the routine passaging and manipulation necessary for traditional 2-D cell propagation. | Christina McKee Mick Perez-Cruet Ferman Chavez G Rasul Chaudhry | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，7： | 2 |
| 15 | Regulation of mitochondrial function and endoplasmic reticulum stress by nitric oxide in pluripotent stem cells显示文摘Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) are global processes that are interrelated and regulated by several stress factors. Nitric oxide(NO) is a multifunctional biomolecule with many varieties of physiological and pathological functions, such as the regulation of cytochrome c inhibition and activation of the immune response, ERS and DNA damage; these actions are dose-dependent. It has been reported that in embryonic stem cells, NO has a dual role, controlling differentiation, survival and pluripotency, but the molecular mechanisms by which it modulates these functions are not yet known. Low levels of NO maintain pluripotency and induce mitochondrial biogenesis. It is well established that NO disrupts the mitochondrial respiratory chain and causes changes in mitochondrial Ca^(2+) flux that induce ERS. Thus, at high concentrations, NO becomes a potential differentiation agent due to the relationship between ERS and the unfolded protein response in many differentiated cell lines. Nevertheless, many studies have demonstratedthe need for physiological levels of NO for a proper ERS response. In this review, we stress the importance of the relationships between NO levels, ERS and mitochondrial dysfunction that control stem cell fate as a new approach to possible cell therapy strategies. | Estefania Caballano-Infantes José Terron-Bautista Amparo Beltrán-Povea Gladys M Cahuana Bernat Soria Hajji Nabil Francisco J Bedoya Juan R Tejedo | 2017 | World Journal of Stem Cells2017，9，2： | 2 |
| 16 | LncRNA Platr22 promotes super-enhancer activity and stem cell pluripotency显示文摘Super-enhancers(SEs)comprise large clusters of enhancers,which are co-occupied by multiple lineage-specific and master tran-scription factors,and play pivotal roles in regulating gene expression and cell fate determination.However,it is still largely un-known whether and how SEs are regulated by the noncoding portion of the genome.Here,through genome-wide analysis,wefound that tpng noncoding RNA(IncRNA)genes preferentially lie next to SEs.In mouse embryonic stem cells(mESCs),depletionof$E-associated IlncRNA transcripts dysregulated the activity of their nearby SEs.Specifically,we revealed a critical regulatoryrole of the IncRNA gene Platr22 in modulating the activity of a nearby SE and the expression of the nearby pluripotency regulatorZFP281.Through these regulatory events,Platr22 contributes to pluripotency maintenance and proper differentiation of mESCs.Mechanistically,Platr22 transcripts coat chromatin near the SE region and interact with DDX5 and hnRNP-L.DDX5 further recruitsp300 and other factors related to active transcription.We propose that these factors assemble into a transcription hub,thus pro-moting an open and active epigenetic chromatin state.0ur study highlights an unanticipated role for a class of lncRNAs in epige-netically controlling the activity and vulnerability to perturbation of nearby SEs for cell fate determination. | Pixi Yan Yuyang Lu Jing Niu Juntao Gao Michael Q.Zhang Yafei Yin Xiaohua Shen | 2021 | Journal of Molecular Cell Biology2021，13，4： | 2 |
| 17 | Cancer cell reprogramming:a promising therapy converting malignancy to benignity显示文摘In the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in reprogramming terminally differentiated somatic cells and cancer cells into induced pluripotent cells and cancer cells with benign phenotypes. Recent studies have explored various approaches to induce reprogramming from one cell type to another, including lineage-specific transcription factors-, combinatorial small molecules-, microRNAs- and embryonic microenvironment-derived exosome-mediated reprogramming. These reprogramming approaches have been proven to be technically feasible and versatile to enable re-activation of sequestered epigenetic regions, thus driving fate decisions of differentiated cells. One of the significant utilities of cancer cell reprogramming is the therapeutic potential of retrieving normal cell functions from various malignancies. However, there are several major obstacles to overcome in cancer cell reprogramming before clinical translation, including characterization of reprogramming mechanisms, improvement of reprogramming efficiency and safety, and development of delivery methods. Recently, several insights in reprogramming mecha-nism have been proposed, and determining progress has been achieved to promote reprogramming efficiency and feasibility, allowing it to emerge as a promising therapy against cancer in the near future. This review aims to discuss recent applications in cancer cell reprogramming, with a focus on the clinical significance and limitations of different reprogramming approaches, while summarizing vital roles played by transcription factors, small molecules, microR-NAs and exosomes during the reprogramming process. | Lanqi Gong Qian Yan Yu Zhang Xiaona Fang Beilei Liu Xinyuan Guan | 2019 | Cancer Communications2019，39，1： | 2 |
| 18 | Predicting differentiation potential of human pluripotent stem cells:Possibilities and challenges显示文摘The capability of human pluripotent stem cell(hPSC)lines to propagate indefinitely and differentiate into derivatives of three embryonic germ layers makes these cells be powerful tools for basic scientific research and promising agents for translational medicine.However,variations in differentiation tendency and efficiency as well as pluripotency maintenance necessitate the selection of hPSC lines for the intended applications to save time and cost.To screen the qualified cell lines and exclude problematic cell lines,their pluripotency must be confirmed initially by traditional methods such as teratoma formation or by highthroughput gene expression profiling assay.Additionally,their differentiation potential,particularly the lineage-specific differentiation propensities of hPSC lines,should be predicted in an early stage.As a complement to the teratoma assay,RNA sequencing data provide a quantitative estimate of the differentiation ability of hPSCs in vivo.Moreover,multiple scorecards have been developed based on selected gene sets for predicting the differentiation potential into three germ layers or the desired cell type many days before terminal differentiation.For clinical application of hPSCs,the malignant potential of the cells must also be evaluated.A combination of histologic examination of teratoma with quantitation of gene expression data derived from teratoma tissue provides safety-related predictive information by detecting immature teratomas,malignancy marker expression,and other parameters.Although various prediction methods are available,distinct limitations remain such as the discordance of results between different assays and requirement of a long time and high labor and cost,restricting their wide applications in routine studies.Therefore,simpler and more rapid detection assays with high specificity and sensitivity that can be used to monitor the status of hPSCs at any time and fewer targeted markers that are more specific for a given desired cell type are urgently needed. | Li-Ping Liu Yun-Wen Zheng | 2019 | World Journal of Stem Cells2019，11，7： | 2 |
| 19 | Primate stem cells: bridge the translation from basic research to clinic application显示文摘A growing body of literature has shown that stem cells are very effective for the treatment of degenerative diseases in rodents but these exciting results have not translated to clinical practice. The difference results from the divergence in genetic, metabolic, and physiological phenotypes between rodents and humans. The high degree of similarity between non-human primates(NHPs) and humans provides the most accurate models for preclinical studies of stem cell therapy. Using a NHP model to understand the following key issues, which cannot be addressed in humans or rodents, will be helpful for extending stem cell applications in the basic science and the clinic. These issues include pluripotency of primate stem cells, the safety and efficiency of stem cell therapy, and transplantation procedures of stem cells suitable for clinical translation. Here we review studies of the above issues in NHPs and current challenges of stem cell applications in both basic science and clinical therapies. We propose that the use of NHP models, in particular combining the serial production and transplantation procedures of stem cells is the most useful for preclinical studies designed to overcome these challenges. | Tianqing Li Zongyong Ai Weizhi Ji | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Acquisition of pluripotency in the chick embryo occurs during intrauterine embryonic development via a unique transcriptional network显示文摘Background: Acquisition of pluripotency by transcriptional regulatory factors is an initial developmental event that is required for regulation of cell fate and lineage specification during early embryonic development. The evolutionarily conserved core transcriptional factors regulating the pluripotency network in fishes, amphibians, and mammals have been elucidated. There are also species-specific maternally inherited transcriptional factors and their intricate transcriptional networks important in the acquisition of pluripotency. In avian species, however, the core transcriptional network that governs the acquisition of pluripotency during early embryonic development is not well understood.Results: We found that chicken NANOG(c NANOG) was expressed in the stages between the pre-ovulatory follicle and oocyte and was continuously detected in Eyal-Giladi and Kochav stage I(EGK.I) to X. However, c POUV was not expressed during fol iculogenesis, but began to be detectable between EGK.V and VI. Unexpectedly, c SOX2 could not be detected during fol iculogenesis and intrauterine embryonic development. Instead of c SOX2, c SOX3 was maternally inherited and continuously expressed during chicken intrauterine development. In addition, we found that the pluripotency-related genes such as c ENS-1, c KIT, c LIN28 A, c MYC, c PRDM14, and c SALL4 began to be dramatical y upregulated between EGK.VI and VII.Conclusion: These results suggest that chickens have a unique pluripotent circuitry since maternally inherited c NANOG and c SOX3 may play an important role in the initial acquisition of pluripotency. Moreover, the acquisition of pluripotency in chicken embryos occurs at around EGK.VI to VI I. | Jae Yong Han Hyo Gun Lee Young Hyun Park Young Sun Hwang Sang Kyung Kim Deivendran Rengaraj Byung Wook Cho Jeong Mook Lim | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，3： | 2 |
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