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| 1 | Vaccination of poultry successfully eliminated human infection with H7N9 virus in China显示文摘The H7 N9 viruses that emerged in China in 2013 were nonpathogenic in chickens but mutated to a highly pathogenic form in early 2017 and caused severe disease outbreaks in chickens. The H7 N9 influenza viruses have caused five waves of human infection, with almost half of the total number of human cases(766 of 1,567) being reported in the fifth wave, raising concerns that even more human infections could occur in the sixth wave. In September 2017, an H5/H7 bivalent inactivated vaccine for chickens was introduced, and the H7 N9 virus isolation rate in poultry dropped by 93.3% after vaccination. More importantly,only three H7 N9 human cases were reported between October 1, 2017 and September 30, 2018, indicating that vaccination of poultry successfully eliminated human infection with H7 N9 virus. These facts emphasize that active control of animal disease is extremely important for zoonosis control and human health protection. | Xianying Zeng Guobin Tian Jianzhong Shi Guohua Deng Chengjun Li Hualan Chen | 2018 | Science China(Life Sciences)2018，61，12： | 37 |
| 2 | Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: A critical review and practical guidance显示文摘Bacterial infection is common and accounts for major morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis are immunocompromised and increased susceptibility to develop spontaneous bacterial infections, hospital-acquired infections, and a variety of infections from uncommon pathogens. Once infection develops, the excessive response of pro-inflammatory cytokines on a pre-existing hemodynamic dysfunction in cirrhosis further predispose the development of serious complications such as shock, acute-on-chronic liver failure, renal failure, and death. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and bacteremia are common in patients with advanced cirrhosis, and are important prognostic landmarks in the natural history of cirrhosis. Notably, the incidence of infections from resistant bacteria has increased significantly in healthcare-associated settings. Serum biomarkers such as procalcitonin may help to improve the diagnosis of bacterial infection. Preventive measures(e.g., avoidance, antibiotic prophylaxis, and vaccination), early recognition, and proper management are required in order to minimize morbidity and mortality of infections in cirrhosis. | Chalermrat Bunchorntavakul Naichaya Chamroonkul Disaya Chavalitdhamrong | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，6： | 27 |
| 3 | Current status and perspectives of immune-based therapiesfor hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a frequent cancer with a high mortality.For early stage cancer there are potentially curative treatments including local ablation,resection and liver transplantation.However,for more advanced stage disease,there is no optimal treatment available.Even in the case of a'curative'treatment,recurrence or development of a new cancer in the precancerous liver is common.Thus,there is an urgent need for novel and effective(adjuvant)therapies to treat HCC and to prevent recurrence after local treatment in patients with HCC.The unique immune response in the liver favors tolerance,which remains a genuine challenge for conventional immunotherapy in patients with HCC.However,even in this'immunotolerant'organ,spontaneous immune responses against tumor antigens have been detected,although they are insufficient to achieve significant tumor death.Local ablation therapy leads to immunogenic tumor cell death by inducing the release of massive amounts of antigens,which enhances spontaneous immune response.New immune therapies such as dendritic cell vaccination and immune checkpoint inhibition are under investigation.Immunotherapy for cancer has made huge progress in the last few years and clinical trials examining the use of immunotherapy to treat hepatocellular carcinoma have shown some success.In this review,we discuss the current status of and offer some perspectives on immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma,which could change disease progression in the near future. | Maridi Aerts DaphnéBenteyn Hans Van Vlierberghe Kris Thielemans Hendrik Reynaert | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，1： | 24 |
| 4 | A 12-year cohort study on the efficacy of plasmaderived hepatitis B vaccine in rural newborns显示文摘AIM To understand the anti-HBs persistenceand the long-term preventive efficacy in ruralnewborns after vaccination with plasma-derivedhepatitis B vaccine.METHODS In the time of expanded program onimmunization(EPI),the newborns werevaccinated with 10μg×3 doses of hepatitis Bvaccine and 762 newborns who were HBsAgnegative after primary immunization wereselected for cohort observation from 1986 to1998.Their serum samples were detectedqualitatively and quantitatively for hepatitis Binfecting markers,including HBsAg,anti-HBsand anti-HBc by SPRIA Kits.The annual HBsAgpositive conversion rate was counted by life-table method.RESULTS①The anti-HBs positive rate was94.44% for the babies born to HBsAg negativemothers and 84.21% for those born to HBsAgpositive mothers in the 1st year afterimmunization,and dropped to 51.31% and52.50% in the 12th year respectively.GMT valuewas dropped from 31.62 to 3.13 and 23.99 to 3.65in the 2nd to the 12th year respectively.Therewas a marked drop in GMT at the 3rd to the 5thyear,and in anti-HBs positive rate at the 9th tothe 10th year.②In the period of 12 yearsobservation,the person-year HBsAg positive conversion rates were 0.12%(5/4150.0)innewborns born to HBsAg negative mothers and0.20%(1/508.0)in those born to HBsAgpositive mothers,and none of the HBsAgpositive converted children became HBsAgchronic carriers.Compared with the baselinebefore immunization,the protective rates were97.19% and 95.32% respectively.CONCLUSION The protective efficacy ofplasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine persisted atleast 12 years,and a booster dose seems notnecessary within at least 12 years after theprimary three-doses immunization to newbornsborn to HBsAg negative mothers. | Hong Bin Liu Zong Da Meng Jing Chen Ma Chang Quan Han Ying Lin Zhang Zhan Chun Xing Yu Wei Zhang Yu Zhong Liu Hui Lin Cao | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，3： | 11 |
| 5 | Cervical cancer screening:A never-ending developing program显示文摘With the term 'oncological screening', we define the overall performances made to detect early onset of tumors. These tests are conducted on a population that does not have any signs or symptoms related to a neoplasm. The whole population above a certain age, only one sex, only subjects with a high risk of developing cancer due to genetic, professional, discretionary reasons may be involved. Screening campaigns should be associated, when risk factors that can be avoided are known, with campaigns for the prevention of cancer by means of suitable behavior. The goal of cancer screening cannot however be limited to the diagnosis of a greater number of neoplasms. Screening will be useful only if it leads to a reduction in overall mortality or at least in mortality related to the tumor. Screening should then allow the diagnosis of the disease at a stage when there is a possibility of healing, possibility that is instead difficult when the disease is diagnosed at the appearance of signs or symptoms. This is the reason why not all campaigns of cancer screening have the same effectiveness. In Italy, every year there are about 150000 deaths due to cancer. Some of these tumors can be cured with a very high percentage of success if diagnosed in time. Cervical cancer can be diagnosed with non-invasive tests. The screening test used all over the world is Papanicolaou(Pap) test. This test may be carried out over the entire healthy population potentially exposed to the risk of contracting cancer. Public health has begun the screening campaigns in the hope of saving many of the approximately 270000 new cases of cancer reported each year. Screening is done following protocols that guarantee quality at the national level: these protocols are subject to change over time to reflect new realities or to correct any errors in the system. A simplified sketch of a possible route of cancer screening is as follows:(1) after selecting the target population, for example all women between 25 and 64 years(in the case of monitoring of cervical cancer), an invitation letter with the date and time of the appointment, planned according to the acceptance capacity of the hospital, is sent to all individuals;(2) an examination, which depending on the individual and the type of cancer to be monitored, for example, canbe a Pap smear, is performed and the patient can go home;(3) once available the results of examinations, if negative, they shall be communicated to the person concerned that will be notified by mail and will be recalled for a second test at a few years of distance, in the case of non-negativity, instead, the patient is contacted by telephone and informed of the need to carry out further examinations: it is said that the patient is in the 'phase two' of the screening pathway;(4) in phase two, reached by only a small portion of the interested parties(usually less than 3%-5%), more indepth tests are carried out, which, depending on the individual and the type of cancer, can be: cytological and colposcopic examinations, the removal of a fragment of tissue(biopsy) and subsequent histological examination, additional tests such as ultrasound, radiography, or others such as computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, etc., in case of negativity, the concerned person will be called for new control tests at a a few years of distance, in case of non-negativity, it will be proposed instead an oncologic therapeutic plan and/or surgery to treat the diagnosed tumor; and(5) once the treatment plan is completed, the individual enters the follow-up protocol, which is monitored over time to see if the tumor has been completely removed or if instead it is still developing. Cervical cancer is undoubtedly the most successful example of a cancer screening campaign. Paradoxically, its effectiveness is one of the strongest reasons to criticize the usefulness of vaccination against human papillomavirus(HPV) in countries where the screening service with Pap test is organized in an efficient manner. Cervical cancer screening protocols are directed to sexually active women aged 25-64 years: they provide the Pap test performed by examining under a microscope or by staining with a specific 'thin prep' the material taken from the cervix with a small spatula and a brush. It is recommended to repeat the test every two or three years. It is important to emphasize that women vaccinated against HPV MUST continue the screening with Pap test. Although some screening programs(e.g., Pap smears) have had remarkable success in reducing mortality from a specific cancer, any kind of screening is free from inherent limitations. The screening methods are in fact applied to large parts of the apparently healthy population. In particular, the limits for certain cancers may be as obvious as to prohibit the introduction of an organized screening program. Potential limitations of organized screenings are basically of two types: organizational and medical. The limits of organizational type relate to the ability of a program to recruit the whole target population. Although well organized, a screening program will hardly be able to exceed a coverage of 70%-80% of the target population, and in fact the results of the current programs are often much smaller. The limits of medical type are represented by the possibility of reducing the overall mortality, or specific mortality, using a specific screening campaign. | Ciro Comparetto Franco Borruto | 2015 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2015，3，7： | 10 |
| 6 | Active vaccination to prevent de novo hepatitis B virus infection in liver transplantation显示文摘The shortage of organ donors mandates the use of liver allograft from anti-HBc(+) donors, especially in areas highly endemic for hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection. Theincidence of de novo hepatitis B infection(DNH) is over 30%-70% among recipients of hepatitis B core antibody(HBcA b)(+) grafts without any prophylaxis after liver transplantation(LT). Systematic reviews showed that prophylactic therapy [lamivudine and/or hepatitits B immunoglobulin(HBIG)] dramatically reduces the probability of DNH. However, there are limited studies regarding the effects of active immunization to prevent DNH, and the role of active vaccination is not welldefined. This review focuses on the feasibility and efficacy of pre- and post-LT HBV vaccination to prevent DNH in HBsA g(-) recipient using HBcA b(+) grafts. The presence of HBs Ab in combination with lamivudine or HBIG results in lower incidence of DNH and may reduce the requirement of HBIG. There was a trend towards decreasing incidence of DNH with higher titers of HBs Ab. High titers of HBs Ab(> 1000 IU/L) achieved after repeated vaccination could eliminate the necessity for additional antiviral prophylaxis in pediatric recipients. In summary, active vaccination with adequate HBsA b titer is a feasible, cost-effective strategy to prevent DNH in recipients of HBc Ab(+) grafts. HBV vaccination is advised for candidates on waiting list and for recipients after withdrawal of steroids and onset of low dose immunosuppression after transplantation. | Chih-Che Lin Chee-Chien Yong Chao-Long Chen | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，39： | 9 |
| 7 | Humoral immunogenicity and reactogenicity of CoronaVac or ZF2001 booster after two doses of inactivated vaccine显示文摘Dear Editor,COVID-19 vaccination campaigns are being conducted in countries worldwide,and 47.4% of the world population has received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.1 Although vaccination has shaped COVID-19 epidemic curves,waning antibody levels and relatively short-duration protection provided by current COVID-19 vaccines have been observed,especially against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern(VOCs)and among older individuals. | Yunlong Cao Xiaohua Hao Xi Wang Qianhui Wu Rui Song Dong Zhao Weiliang Song Yao Wang Ayijiang Yisimayi Wei Wang Juan Du Hongjie Yu Xiaoliang Sunney Xie Ronghua Jin | 2022 | Cell Research2022，32，1： | 8 |
| 8 | An Epidemic of Hepatitis A--Liaoning Province,2020显示文摘What is already known about this topic?Hepatitis A(HA)is caused by acute hepatitis A virus(HAV)infection and was once very common in China.Following the 2008 introduction of the HA vaccine into the national Expanded Program on Immunization(EPI),the incidence of reported HA in China decreased markedly.However,HA epidemics still occur in Liaoning Province every 3–5 years,although with far fewer cases than in the pre-HA-vaccination era.What is added by this report?Between January 1,2020 and March 18,2020,the number of reported cases of HA in Dalian and Dandong cities of Liaoning Province increased significantly compared with the same period in previous years.All cases were sporadic,and cases were seen in nearly every township.The increase in HA occurred one month after local fresh seafood became available with most cases being among adults.A casecontrol study showed that consuming raw or undercooked seafood,clams,snapping shrimp,and oysters were significantly associated with the increase in HA.What are the implications for public health practices?Strengthening health education for residents to avoid consumption of raw seafood and encouraging HAV vaccination of adults aged 20 to 54 years are important to prevent periodic HAV endemic outbreaks.Further multisectoral cooperation must be emphasized on HA surveillance in areas with a high prevalence of HA. | Jing Sun Yuanqiu Li Xing Fang Yan Wang Yinan Han Yang Liu Jingyuan Cao Wenting Zhou Hui Zheng Wenqing Yao | 2020 | China CDC weekly2020，2，30： | 7 |
| 9 | Effectiveness of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines Against Symptomatic,Pneumonia,and Severe Disease Caused by the Delta Variant:Real World Study and Evidence—China,2021显示文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Effectiveness of China’s 2 inactivated vaccines(BBIBPCorV and CoronaVac)against pre-Delta severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)variants ranged from 47%to over 90%,depending on the clinical endpoint,and with greater effectiveness against more severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).During an outbreak in Guangdong,inactivated vaccine effectiveness(VE)against the Delta variant was 70%for symptomatic infection and 100%for severe COVID-19.However,separate or combined VE estimates for the two inactivated vaccines against Delta are not available.What is added by this report?In an outbreak that started in a hospital,VEs of completed primary vaccination with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic COVID-19,COVID-19 pneumonia,and severe COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant were 51%,61%,and 82%.Completed primary vaccination reduced the risk of progressing from mild to moderate or severe COVID-19 by 74%.VE estimates for BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac or combined vaccination were similar,and partial vaccination was ineffective.What are the implications for public health practice?Completed primary vaccination with either of the 2 inactivated COVID-19 vaccines reduces risk of symptomatic COVID-19,COVID-19 pneumonia,and severe COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant.Completion of the completed primary vaccination with two doses is necessary for protection from Delta. | Dan Wu Yanyang Zhang Lin Tang Fuzhen Wang Ying Ye Chao Ma Hui Zheng Wenzhou Yu Lei Cao Yifan Song Abuduwaili Reyimu Xiaoxiao Zhang Haifeng Wang Yifei Nie Mingxia Lu Muge Qi Jun Li Ruolin Wang Kaichao Yang Changshuang Wang Lawrence Everett Rodewald Geroge Fu Gao Zhijie An Zundong Yin | 2022 | China CDC weekly2022，4，4： | 7 |
| 10 | A Scenario-Based Evaluation of COVID-19-Related Essential Clinical Resource Demands in China显示文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is a global crisis,and medical systems in many countries are overwhelmed with supply shortages and increasing demands to treat patients due to the surge in cases and severe illnesses.This study aimed to assess COVID-19-related essential clinical resource demands in China,based on different scenarios involving COVID-19 spreads and interventions.We used a susceptible–exposed–infectious–hospitalized/isolated–removed(SEIHR)transmission dynamics model to estimate the number of COVID-19 infections and hospitalizations with corresponding essential healthcare resources needed.We found that,under strict non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)or mass vaccination of the population,China would be able to contain community transmission and local outbreaks rapidly.However,under scenarios involving a low intensity of implemented NPIs and a small proportion of the population vaccinated,the use of a peacetime–wartime transition model would be needed for medical source stockpiles and preparations to ensure a normal functioning healthcare system.The implementation of COVID-19 vaccines and NPIs in different periods can influence the transmission of COVID-19 and subsequently affect the demand for clinical diagnosis and treatment.An increased proportion of asymptomatic infections in simulations will not reduce the demand for medical resources;however,attention must be paid to the increasing difficulty in containing COVID-19 transmission due to asymptomatic cases.This study provides evidence for emergency preparations and the adjustment of prevention and control strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic.It also provides guidance for essential healthcare investment and resource allocation. | Ting Zhang Qing Wang Zhiwei Leng Yuan Yang Jin Yang Fangyuan Chen Mengmeng Jia Xingxing Zhang Weiran Qi Yunshao Xu Siya Chen Peixi Dai Libing Ma Luzhao Feng Weizhong Yang | 2021 | Engineering2021，7，7： | 7 |
| 11 | Clinical management of hepatitis B virus infection correlated with liver transplantation显示文摘BACKGROUND:As a radical cure for post-hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,liver transplantation has been applied in many medical centers.Before the use of effective measures,hepatitis B recurrence and the existence of HBsAg(+) donors,patients with hepatitis B-related diseases are contraindicated for liver transplantation.Application of interferon,hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG),and nucleotide analogues (e.g.,lamivudine) has made great progress in the clinical care of HBV.However,there are still many shortcomings such as low viral suppression rate,rising expense,and the induction of HBV tyrosine-methionineaspartate-aspartate (YMDD) mutation.This article systematically reviews the current evidence that immunotherapy,conventional drug combinations,and some special fields of HBV infection correlate with liver transplantation.DATA SOURCES:Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed for articles using the Keywords 'hepatitis B virus','hepatitis B vaccination','lamivudine','adefovir','entecavir','tenofovir','HBV genotype',and 'liver transplantation' up to October 2009.Additional papers were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles.RESULTS:Hepatitis B vaccine and human monoclonal antibody have very good clinical prospects.Compared with traditional therapies,the new medical regimens have many benefits such as boosting viral suppression rate and decreasing medical expenses.The triple therapy for YMDD mutation also has an excellent therapeutic effect and a low barrier to resistance.New nucleos(t)ide analogues (entecavir and tenofovir) eliminate virus more effectively with few adverse reactions,and may replace lamivudine or HBIG in future.CONCLUSIONS:Hepatitis B vaccine needs further largescale and rigorous randomized controlled trials to confirm its effective dose and injection frequency.Monoclonal antibody is still experimental,and the next step is to carry out the relevant animal and human studies.A consensus standard regimen for the treatment of hepatitis B should be developed. | Zhang, Jian Zhou, Lin Zheng, Shu-Sen | 2010 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2010，9，1： | 7 |
| 12 | Interleukin 10 prevents dendritic ceil accumulation and vaccination with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene modified tumor cells显示文摘A wide variety of human tumors express interleukin10 (IL-10) for reasons poorly understood. We haveanalysed the effect of spontaneous IL-10 expression by amouse tumor (J558L) on its immunparalysing effect.Because cross-priming' of T cells by host antigenpresenting cells for MHC class I restricted tumor antigensis a major pathway for induction of tumor immunity andthat is enhanced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), we expressed this cytokinein J558L cells. GM-CSF secreting cells were not | Gabriele Noffz Mariette Mohaupt Thomas Blankenstein | 1997 | 中国实验血液学杂志1997，5，3： | 7 |
| 13 | Update on global epidemiology of viral hepatitis and preventive strategies显示文摘Viral hepatitis is one of the major public health concerns around the world but until recently it has drawn little attention or funding from global health policymakers.Every year 1.4 million people die from viral hepatitisrelated cirrhosis and liver cancer.However,the majority of the infected population are unaware of their condition.This population have significant obstacles to overcome such as lack of awareness,vulnerability,increased migration,disease stigma,discrimination,as well as poor health resources,conflict in policy development and program implementation.Despite implementing infection control measures over the last few decades eradication or significant disease reduction remains elusive.This study aims to present the current global prevalence status and examines potential elimination strategies.The information for this research were obtained through a systematic review,published scientific literatures,the official websites of various government organisations,international public health organisations and internationally recognised regulatory bodies over a period of 40 years between 1978 and2018. | Meryem Jefferies Bisma Rauff Harunor Rashid Thao Lam Shafquat Rafiq | 2018 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2018，6，13： | 6 |
| 14 | Immune precision medicine for cancer:a novel insight based on the efficiency of immune effector cells显示文摘Cancer cell growth is associated with immune surveillance failure.Nowadays,restoring the desired immune response against cancer cells remains a major therapeutic strategy.Due to the recent advances in biological knowledge,efficient therapeutic tools have been developed to support the best bio-clinical approaches for immune precision therapy.One of the most important successes in immune therapy is represented by the applicational use of monoclonal antibodies,particularly the use of rituximab for B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.More recently,other monoclonal antibodies have been developed,to inhibit immune checkpoints within the tumor microenvironment that limit immune suppression,or to enhance some immune functions with immune adjuvants through different targets such as Toll-receptor agonists.The aim is to inhibit cancer proliferation by the diminishing/elimination of cancer residual cells and clinically improving the response duration with no or few adverse effects.This effect is supported by enhancing the number,functions,and activity of the immune effector cells,including the natural killer(NK)lymphocytes,NKT-lymphocytes,γδT-lymphocytes,cytotoxic T-lymphocytes,directly or indirectly through vaccines particularly with neoantigens,and by lowering the functions of the immune suppressive cells.Beyond these new therapeutics and their personalized usage,new considerations have to be taken into account,such as epigenetic regulation particularly from microbiota,evaluation of transversal functions,particularly cellular metabolism,and consideration to the clinical consequences at the body level.The aim of this review is to discuss some practical aspects of immune therapy,giving to clinicians the concept of immune effector cells balancing between control and tolerance.Immunological precision medicine is a combination of modern biological knowledge and clinical therapeutic decisions in a global vision of the patient. | Jean-François Rossi Patrice Céballos Zhao-Yang Lu | 2019 | Cancer Communications2019，39，1： | 6 |
| 15 | Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic viral hepatitis B and C infection显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,with the majority of cases associated with persistent infection from hepatitis B virus(HBV)or hepatitis C virus(HCV).Natural history studies have identified risk factors associated with HCC development among chronic HBV and HCV infection.High-risk infected individuals can now be identified by the usage of risk predictive scores.Vaccination plays a central role in the prevention of HBV-related HCC.Treatment of chronic HBV infection,especially by nucleoside analogue therapy,could also reduce the risk of HBV-related HCC.Concerning HCV infection,besides the advocation of universal precautions to reduce the rate of infection,pegylated interferon and ribavirin could also reduce the risk of HCV-related HCC among those achieving a sustained virologic response.Recently there has been mounting evidence on the role of chemopreventive agents in reducing HBV-and HCV-related HCC.The continued advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HCC would hold promise in preventing this highly lethal cancer. | Tao Lu Wai-Kay Seto Ran-Xu Zhu Ching-Lung Lai Man-Fung Yuen | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，47： | 6 |
| 16 | Effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine up to 6 months in a large integrated health system in the USA: a retrospective cohort study显示文摘Background:Vaccine effectiveness studies have not differentiated the effect of the delta(B.1.617.2)variant and potential waning immunity in observed reductions in effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infections.We aimed to evaluate overall and variant-specific effectiveness of BNT162b2(tozinameran,Pfizer-BioNTech)against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19-related hospital admissions by time since vaccination among members of a large US health-care system. | Sara Y Tartof | 2021 | 四川生理科学杂志2021，43，8： | 5 |
| 17 | Immune response to hepatitis B virus vaccine in celiac subjects at diagnosis显示文摘AIM To evaluate hepatitis B virus(HBV) vaccine response and correlation with human leukocyte antigens(HLA) and/or gluten intake in celiac patients at diagnosis.METHODS Fifty-one patients affected by celiac disease, diagnosed at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Catania(Italy), were recruited. All patients were tested at admission for immunization against HBV, according to findings from analysis of quantitative HBV surface antibody(anti-HBs). The anti-HBs titer was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Following the international standards, subjects with antibody titer < 10 IU/L were defined as non-responders. The prevalence of responders and non-responders among celiac subjects and the distribution of immunization for age were examined. In addition, the prevalence of responders and non-responders was assessed for correlation to HLA and clinical features at diagnosis of celiac disease.RESULTS The entire study population was divided into three groups according to age: 24 patients aged between 0to 5.5 years(48.9%, group A); 16 aged between 5.5 and 9.5 years(30.61%, group B); 9 aged between 9.5 and 17 years(18.75%, group C). Comparison of the percentage of responders and non-responders between the youngest and the oldest age group showed no significant difference between the two groups(P > 0.05). With regard to the HLA haplotype, comparison of the distribution of vaccination response showed no statistically significant difference between the different genotypes(homozygosity for the HLADQ2 haplotype compared with HLADQ2/DQ8 heterozygosity or other haplotypes; P > 0.05). Moreover, distribution of the responders according to clinical features of celiac disease showed no statistically significant differences(P > 0.05).CONCLUSION This prospective study confirmed the lower percentage of response to HBV vaccine in celiac subjects. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear and further studies are needed. | Martina Filippelli Maria Teresa Garozzo Antonino Capizzi Massimo Spina Sara Manti Lucia Tardino Carmelo Salpietro Salvatore Leonardi | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，26： | 5 |
| 18 | Prevention of recurrent hepatitis B infection after liver transplantation显示文摘BACKGROUND:Recurrence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection after liver transplantation can lead to graft loss and a reduction in long-term survival.The purpose of this review is to summarize the current therapeutic options for preventing HBV recurrence in liver transplant recipients.DATA SOURCES:Up to January 2013,studies that were published in MEDLINE and EMBASE on prevention of HBV recurrence after liver transplantation were reviewed.RESULTS:There have been remarkable advancements in the past two decades on the prevention of HBV recurrence after liver transplantation,from the discovery of hepatitis B immune globulin(HBIG) and lamivudine monotherapy to the combination therapy using HBIG and lamivudine.With the development of newer and stronger antiviral agents,the need for life-long HBIG is doubtful.With their low resistance profile,oral antiviral prophylaxis using these new agents alone is sufficient and is associated with excellent outcome.CONCLUSIONS:Restoration of host HBV immunity with adoptive immunity transfer and vaccination may represent the ultimate strategy to withdraw prophylactic treatment and to achieve a drug free regimen against HBV recurrence after liver transplantation. | Tiffany CL Wong James YY Fung Chung Mau Lo | 2013 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2013，12，5： | 5 |
| 19 | Seroprevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies against Six Human Adenovirus Types Indicates the Low Level of Herd Immunity in Young Children from Guangzhou, China显示文摘Human adenoviruses(HAdVs) commonly cause many diseases such as respiratory diseases, gastroenteritis, cystitis worldwide. HAdV-3,-7,-4 and emergent HAdV-55 and HAdV-14 are the most important types causing severe respiratory diseases. There is no effective drug available for clinical treatment, and no vaccine available for the general population.Therefore, it is important to investigate the seroprevalence against HAdV for developing novel vaccines and vectors. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence and titer levels of neutralizing antibodies(NAb) against HAdV-3,-4,-7,-14,-55,and-11 in total 278 healthy populations between 0 months and 49 years of age(228 children and 50 adults) from Guangzhou. In children under the age of 18 years, the seropositive rates were significantly increased against HAdV-3 at12.07%, 33.96%, and 64.29% and against HAdV-7 at 0%, 18.87%, and 19.05% in age groups of 1–2, 3–5, and 6–17 years,respectively. The seroprevalence was very low(0% - 8.1%) for all other four types. In adults aged between 18 and49 years, HAdV-3,-4, and-7(> 50.00%) were the most common types, followed by HAdV-14(38.00%),-55(34.00%),and-11(24.00%). Adults tended to have high NAb titers against HAdV-4 and-55. HAdV-55-seropositive donors tended to be HAdV-11-and HAdV-14-seropositive. These results indicated the low level of herd immunity against all six HAdV types in young children, and HAdV-14,-55,-11 in adults from Guangzhou City. Our findings demonstrate the importance of monitoring HAdV types and developing vaccines against HAdV for children and adults. | Xingui Tian Ye Fan Changbing Wang Zhenwei Liu Wenkuan Liu Yun Xu Chuncong Mo Aiping You Xiao Li Xia Rong Rong Zhou | 2021 | Virologica Sinica2021，36，3： | 5 |
| 20 | Hepatitis E virus infection: Epidemiology and treatment implications显示文摘Hepatitis E virus(HEV) infection is now established as an emerging enteric viral hepatitis. Standard treatments in acute and chronic hepatitis E remain to be established. This study undertakes a review of the epidemiology, treatment implication and vaccine prevention from published literature. HEV infection is a worldwide public health problem and can cause acute and chronic hepatitis E. HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are primarily found in developing countries due to waterborne transmission, while the zoonotic potential of genotypes 3 and 4 affects mostly industrialized countries. An awareness of HEV transmission through blood donation, especially in the immunocompromised and solid organ transplant patients, merits an effective anti-viral therapy. There are currently no clear indications for the treatment of acute hepatitis E. Despite concerns for side effects, ribavirin monotherapy or in combination with pegylatedinterferon alpha for at least 3 mo appeared to show significant efficacy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis E. However, there are no available treatment options for specific patient population groups, such as women who are pregnant. Vaccination and screening of HEV in blood donors are currently a global priority in managing infection. New strategies for the treatment and control of hepatitis E are required for both acute and chronic infections, such as prophylactic use of medications, controlling large outbreaks, and finding acceptable antiviral therapy for pregnant women and other patient groups for whom the current options of treatment are not viable. | Ga Young Lee Kittiyod Poovorawan Duangnapa Intharasongkroh Pattaratida Sa-nguanmoo Sompong Vongpunsawad Chintana Chirathaworn Yong Poovorawan | 2015 | World Journal of Virology2015，4，4： | 5 |
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