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| 1 | Value of ecosystem services in China显示文摘The function and services are the important components of the life-support system in theplanet, as well as the basic elements for sustainable development of environment and society. It is a must to evaluate it for incorporating it with the social-economic system. It is also an important approach to draw the public attention on the environmental and ecosystem conservation. In this study, the ecosystem function and services in China were estimated by employing the classification and economic parameters from Costanza et al. The type and area of terrestrial ecosystems were extracted from Vegetation Map of China (1:4 000 000), and then the distribution map of ecosystem services of China was drawn. According to our calculation, the total value of ecosystem services in China is 77 834.48×108 RMB yuan per annum. The value for terrestrial ecosystem is 56 098.46×108 yuan per annum, and that for marine ecosystem is 21 736.02×108 yuan per annum. The value of ecosystem services in China is 1.73 times bigger | CHEN Zhongxin & ZHANG XinshiLaboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Current address: Institute of Natural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，10： | 128 |
| 2 | role of the normal gut microbiota显示文摘Relation between the gut microbiota and human health is being increasingly recognised. It is now well established that a healthy gut flora is largely responsible for overall health of the host. The normal human gut microbiota comprises of two major phyla, namely Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Though the gut microbiota in an infant appears haphazard, it starts resembling the adult flora by the age of 3 years. Nevertheless, there exist temporal and spatial variations in the microbial distribution from esophagus to the rectum all along the individual's life span. Developments in genome sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have now enabled scientists to study these microorganisms and their function and microbehost interactions in an elaborate manner both in health and disease. The normal gut microbiota imparts specific function in host nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protection against pathogens. Several factors play a role in shaping the normal gut microbiota. They include(1) the mode of delivery(vaginal or caesarean);(2) diet during infancy(breast milk or formula feeds) and adulthood(vegan based or meat based); and(3) use of antibiotics or antibiotic like molecules that are derived from the environment or the gut commensal community. A major concern of antibiotic use is the long-term alteration of the normal healthy gut microbiota and horizontal transfer of resistance genes that could result in reservoir of organisms with a multidrug resistant gene pool. | Sai Manasa Jandhyala Rupjyoti Talukdar Chivkula Subramanyam Harish Vuyyuru Mitnala Sasikala D Nageshwar Reddy | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，29： | 187 |
| 3 | Picard Values and Normal Families of Meromorphic Functions with Multiple Zeros | Wang Yuefei Fang Mingliang Institute of Mathematics, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100080, China Institute of Mathematics, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100080, China Department of Mathematics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China | 1998 | Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series1998，14，1： | 99 |
| 4 | Autophagy and inflammation in ischemic stroke显示文摘Appropriate autophagy has protective effects on ischemic nerve tissue,while excessive autophagy may cause cell death.The inflammatory response plays an important role in the survival of nerve cells and the recovery of neural tissue after ischemia.Many studies have found an interaction between autophagy and inflammation in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.This study outlines recent advances regarding the role of autophagy in the post-stroke inflammatory response as follows.(1)Autophagy inhibits inflammatory responses caused by ischemic stimulation through mTOR,the AMPK pathway,and inhibition of inflammasome activation.(2)Activation of inflammation triggers the formation of autophagosomes,and the upregulation of autophagy levels is marked by a significant increase in the autophagy-forming markers LC3-II and Beclin-1.Lipopolysaccharide stimulates microglia and inhibits ULK1 activity by direct phosphorylation of p38 MAPK,reducing the flux and autophagy level,thereby inducing inflammatory activity.(3)By blocking the activation of autophagy,the activation of inflammasomes can alleviate cerebral ischemic injury.Autophagy can also regulate the phenotypic alternation of microglia through the nuclear factor-κB pathway,which is beneficial to the recovery of neural tissue after ischemia.Studies have shown that some drugs such as resveratrol can exert neuroprotective effects by regulating the autophagy-inflammatory pathway.These studies suggest that the autophagy-inflammatory pathway may provide a new direction for the treatment of ischemic stroke. | Yun Mo Yin-Yi Sun Kang-Yong Liu | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，8： | 90 |
| 5 | 粗大运动功能测试量表在脑性瘫痪中的应用研究进展显示文摘粗大运动功能测试量表(gross motor function measure GMFM)是由Russell等人编制出版,主要用于测量脑瘫患儿的粗大功能运动状况随时间或由于干预而出现的运动功能改变,是目前脑瘫患儿粗大运动评估中使用最广泛的量表,Russell等曾综述了2001年以前GMFM量表的相关文献.本文以此后的文献为主综述关于GMFM量表的研究与应用新进展。 | 史惟 陈冬冬 | 2006 | 中华儿科杂志2006，44，7： | 69 |
| 6 | A NEW METHOD FOR STRUCTURAL TOPOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF INDEPENDENT CONTINUOUS VARIABLES AND SMOOTH MODEL显示文摘A concept of the independent-continuous topological variable is pro-posed to establish its corresponding smooth model of structural topological optimiza-tion. The method can overcome difficulties that are encountered in conventionalmodels and algorithms for the optimization of the structural topology. Its appli-cation to truss topological optimization with stress and displacement constraints issatisfactory, with convergence faster than that of sectional optimizations. | 隋允康 杨德庆 | 1998 | Acta Mechanica Sinica1998，14，2： | 78 |
| 7 | Long-term antiviral efficacy of entecavir and liver histology improvement in Chinese patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of 240-wk treatment with entecavir(0.5 mg) in Chinese nucleosidenaive patients with cirrhosis.METHODS: A total of 204 nucleoside-naive patients with compensated(n = 96) or decompensated(n = 108) hepatitis B virus(HBV)-induced cirrhosis at the Department of Gastroenterology of the China-Japan Union Hospital(Jilin University, Changchun, China) who were treated with entecavir(0.5 mg) for 240 wk were enrolled in this study. Liver biopsy samples obtained from 38 patients prior to treatment(baseline) and at week 240 were evaluated by different independent histopathologists. Efficacy assessments included the proportions of patients who achieved an HBV DNA level < 500 copies/m L, the association of interleukin-28 B genetic variation with antivirus therapy, clinical outcomes, and histologic improvement. Changes in liver disease severity were analyzed, and liver histologic evaluation was performed in 38 patients with paired biopsies. Student t tests were used to compare the means of continuous variables between the groups, and the proportions of patients who achieved the endpoints were compared using the χ2 test.RESULTS: At week 240, 87.5% of the patients with compensated cirrhosis and 92.6% of the patients with decompensated cirrhosis achieved a HBV DNA level < 500 copies/m L. Three patients had genotypic entecavir resistance within the 240-wk period. No significant association was observed between virologic response and interleukin-28 genotype(CT, 88.2% vs CC, 90.6%). The proportion of patients with Child-Pughclass A disease was significantly increased at week 240(68%) from the baseline(47%; P < 0.01). The proportion of patients with Child-Pugh class B disease was significantly decreased at week 240(25%) from the baseline(39%; P = 0.02). In the patients with paired liver biopsies, the mean reduction in the Knodell necroinflammatory score from the baseline was 3.58 ± 1.03 points(7.11 ± 1.80 vs 3.53 ± 1.35, P < 0.01). The mean reduction in Ishak fibrosis score from the baseline was 1.26 ± 0.64 points(5.58 ± 0.50 vs 4.32 ± 0.81, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Entecavir is an effective treatment option for patients with HBV-related compensated or decompensated cirrhosis that can result in sustained virologic suppression and histologic improvement. | Yan Xu Yong-Gui Zhang Xu Wang Wen-Qian Qi Shao-You Qin Zhen-Hua Liu Jian Jiao Jiang-Bin Wang | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，25： | 50 |
| 8 | Update on ischemia-reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation: Pathogenesis and treatment显示文摘Ischemia/reperfusion injury is an unavoidable relevant consequence after kidney transplantation and influences short term as well as long-term graft outcome. Clinically ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with delayed graft function, graft rejection, chronic rejection and chronic graft dysfunction. Ischemia/reperfusion affects many regulatory systems at the cellular level as well as in the renal tissue that result in a distinct inflammatory reaction of the kidney graft. Underlying factors of ischemia reperfusion include energy metabolism, cellular changes of the mitochondria and cellular membranes, initiation of different forms of cell death-like apoptosis and necrosis together with a recently discovered mixed form termed necroptosis. Chemokines and cytokines together with other factors promote the inflammatory response leading to activation of the innate immune system as well as the adaptive immune system. If the inflammatory reaction continues within the graft tissue, a progressive interstitial fibrosis develops that impacts long-term graft outcome. It is of particular importance in kidney transplantation to understand the underlying mechanisms and effects of ischemia/reperfusion on the graft as this knowledge also opens strategies to prevent or treat ischemia/reperfusion injury after transplantation in order to improve graft outcome. | Maurizio Salvadori Giuseppina Rosso Elisabetta Bertoni | 2015 | World Journal of Transplantation2015，5，2： | 43 |
| 9 | Relationship between phenotypes of cell-function differentiation and pathobiological behavior of gastric carcinomas显示文摘AIM To reveal the correlation between thefunctional differentiation phenotypes of gastriccarcinoma cells and the invasion and metastasisby a new way of cell-function classification.METHODS Surgically resected specimens of361 gastric carcinomas (GC) were investigatedwith enzyme-, mucin-, and tumor-related markerimmunohistochemist ry. According to thedirection of cell-function differentiation,stomach carcinomas were divided into fivefunctionally differentiated types.iation type (AFDT): there were 82 (22.7%)patients including 76 (92.7%) aged 45 years.Sixty-nine (84.1%) cases belonged to theintestinal type. Thirty-eight (46.3%) expressedCD44v6 and 9 (13.6%) of 66 male patientsdeveloped liver metastasis. The 5-year survivalrate of patients in this group (58.5%) was higherMucin secreting function differentiation type(MSFDT): 54 (15%) cases. Fifty-three (98.1%)tumors had penetrated the serosa, 12 (22.2%)expressed ER and 22 (40.7%) expressedCD44v6. The postoperative 5-year survival ratefunction differentiation type (AMPFDT): therewere 180 (49.9%) cases, including 31 (17.2%)aged yanger than 45 years. The tumor was morecommon in women (62, 34.4%,) and expressedmore frequently estrogen receptors (ER) ( 129,81.7%) than other types (P<0.01). Ovarymetastasis was found in 12 (19.4%) out of 62female subjects. The patients with this type GChad the lowest 5-year survival rate (24.7%)differentiation type (SFDT): 13 (3.6%) cases.Nine (69.2%) tumors of this type derived fromAPUD system, the other 4 (30.7%) were ofdifferent histological differentiation. Sixty percent of the patients survived at least five years.(8.9%) cases. Nineteen (59.4%) cases hadlymph node metastases but no one with liver orovary metastasis. The 5-year survival rate was28.1%.CONCLUSION This new cell-functionclassification of GC is helpful in indicating thecharacteristics of invasion and metastasis of GCwith different cell-function differentiationphenotypes. Further study is needed to disclosethe correlation between the cell-functionaldifferentiation phenotypes and the relevantgenotypes and the biological behavior of gastriccarcinoma. | Yan Xin Xiao Ling Li Yan Ping Wang Su Min Zhang Hua Chuan Zheng Dong Ying Wu Yin Chang Zhang The Fourth Laboratory of Cancer Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，1： | 38 |
| 10 | Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for the assessment of atrial function显示文摘Echocardiography is the most common diagnostic method for assessing atrial function but the technique has some limitations. Traditionally, assessment of left atrial function has been performed by measuring volumes with 2D echocardiography. Additionally, it can be assessed with transmitral Doppler and pulmonary vein Doppler. Recently, an alternative method has been incorporated, namely, measurement of myocardial deformation with color tissue Doppler-derived strain. However, this method has several limitations, such as suboptimal reproducibility, angle-dependence, signal artifacts and the fact that it only measures regional strain and does not obtain information about the curved portion of the atrial roof. To overcome these limitations in the quantification of atrial function, the use of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) strain has been proposed. This technique is not derived from Doppler but rather from 2D echocardiography; it is angle-independent and allows one to measure global as well as regional atrial strain. In this editorial, we describe the physical and pathophysiological concepts of STE and underline the clinical usefulness of this new technique. | Tomás Francisco Cianciulli María Cristina Saccheri Jorge Alberto Lax Alejandra Marina Bermann Daniel Ernesto Ferreiro | 2010 | World Journal of Cardiology2010，2，7： | 39 |
| 11 | Indocyanine green clearance test and model for end-stage liver disease score of patients with liver cirrhosis显示文摘BACKGROUND:The indocyanine green(ICG)clearance test(clearance rate(K)and retention rate at 15 minutes (R15))is a sensitive indicator to evaluate liver function. The model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score has emerged as a useful tool for estimating the mortality of patients awaiting liver transplantation and has recently been validated on patients with liver diseases of various etiologies and severity.In this study,we investigated the correlation between the ICG clearance test and MELD score of patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS:From June 2007 to March 2008,52 patients with liver cirrhosis admitted to our center were classified into Child-Pugh class A(8 patients),B(14)and C(30).The ICG clearance test(K value and R15)was performed by ICG pulse spectrophotometry(DDG-3300K),and the MELD scores of patients were calculated. RESULTS:As the Child-Pugh classification of liver function gradually deteriorated,the K value decreased, while R15 and MELD score increased.There were significant statistical differences in K value,R15 and MELD score in patients with different Child-Pugh classifications. Significant correlations were found between the parameters of the ICG clearance test(K value and R15)and MELD score.A negative correlation was observed between K value and MELD score(r=-0.892,P<0.05),while a positive correlation was observed between R15 and MELD score(r=0.804,P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The ICG clearance test and MELD score are good parameters for evaluating liver function.Moreover, K value and R15 have significant correlations with MELD score,especially the K value,which may be a convenient and appropriate indicator to evaluate liver function of patients with liver cirrhosis. | Sheng, Qin-Song Lang, Ren He, Qiang Yang, Yong-Jiu Zhao, De-Fang Chen, Da-Zhi | 2009 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2009，8，1： | 37 |
| 12 | 独立变桨距控制策略研究显示文摘为解决独立变桨距控制多输入多输出信号之间的耦合问题,侧重于研究独立变桨距的多变量控制技术。建立带卡尔曼滤波器的前馈–反馈线性二次高斯函数(linear quadraticgaussian function,LQG)最优控制,并对统一变桨距控制、独立变桨距控制的标量比例积分(proportional-integral,PI)控制、独立变桨距控制的多变量LQG控制3种情况下的载荷进行对比。结果表明:LQG最优独立变桨距控制比统一变桨距控制和传统的PI独立变桨距控制具有更好的减载效果,更适合大型风力发电机组。 | 邢作霞 陈雷 孙宏利 王哲 | 2011 | 中国电机工程学报2011，31，26： | 36 |
| 13 | A New Evolutionary Algorithm for Function Optimization显示文摘A new algorithm based on genetic algorithm(GA) is developed for solving function optimization problems with inequality constraints. This algorithm has been used to a series of standard test problems and exhibited good performance. The computation results show that its generality, precision, robustness, simplicity and performance are all satisfactory. | GUO Tao, KANG Li shan State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072, China | 1999 | Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences1999，4，4： | 37 |
| 14 | Early Enteral Combined with Parenteral Nutrition Treatment for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury:Effects on Immune Function,Nutritional Status and Outcomes显示文摘Objective To compare the conjoint effect of enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN)with single EN or PN on immune function, nutritional status, complications and clinical outcomes of patientswith severe traumatic brain injury (STBI).Methods A prospective randomized control trial was carried out from January 2009 to May 2012 inNeurological Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Patients of STBI who met the enrolment criteria (Glasgow ComaScale score 6~8; Nutritional Risk Screening ≥3) were randomly divided into 3 groups and were administratedEN, PN or EN+PN treatments respectively. The indexes of nutritional status, immune function,complications and clinical outcomes were examined and compared statistically. | Ming-chao Fan Qiao-ling Wang Wei Fang Yun-xia Jiang Lian-di Li Peng Sun Zhi-hong Wang | 2016 | Chinese Medical Sciences Journal2016，31，4： | 37 |
| 15 | Biological couplings: Classification and characteristic rules显示文摘The phenomena that biological functions originate from biological coupling are the important biological foundation of multiple bionics and the significant discoveries in the bionic fields. In this paper, the basic concepts related to biological coupling are introduced from the bionic viewpoint. Constitution, classification and characteristic rules of biological coupling are illuminated, the general modes of biological coupling studies are analyzed, and the prospects of multi-coupling bionics are predicted. | REN LuQuan LIANG YunHong | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，10： | 32 |
| 16 | Starch grain analysis reveals function of grinding stone tools at Shangzhai site, Beijing显示文摘Prehistoric groundstone tools including slabs (metate, mo-pan) and mullers (mano, mo-bang) are often considered to be tools that were used to process cereals in ancient China. Most archaeologists believe that groundstone tools are indicators of an agrarian economy. This study employed starch grain analysis to examine a slab and a muller excavated from the Shangzhai Site (7500-7000 cal a BP), Beijing. Identifiable starch grains recovered from the stone tools were classified into 9 genera and 12 species, most of which were from acorns and foxtail millets. Remains from the oak species Q. mongolicus, Q. acuttssima, and Q. dentate were identified as well as a few starch grains from broomcorn (Panicum miliaseum) and bean (Vigna sp.). Other starch grains were from unidentifiable roots and grasses. A variety of starch grains indicates that the grinding stone tools were used to process not only cereals, but also other seeds or roots that had to be ground or husked, thus bringing into question the aforementioned cereal hypothesis. Because the numbers of starch grains from nuts and millets were so large, both gathering and cultivation might have been important economic patterns before 7000 years ago in Beijing area. Moreover, the starch remains are derived from plants that indicate that the paleoclimate of Beijing was wetter and warmer than today’s. | YANG XiaoYan YU JinCheng Lü HouYuan CUI TianXing GUO JingNing GE QuanSheng | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，8： | 32 |
| 17 | AN AGGREGATE FUNCTION METHOD FOR NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING显示文摘This paper presents a new method, called the 'aggregate function' method, for solvingnonlinear programming problems. At first, we use the 'maximum' constraint in place of theoriginal constraint set to convert a multi-constrained optimization problem to a non-smoothbut singly constrained problem; we then employ the surrogate constraint concept and themaximum entropy principle to derive a smooth function, by which the non-smooth maximumconstraint is approximated and the original problem is converted to a smooth and singly con-strained problem; furthermore, we develop a multiplier penalty algorithm. The presentalgorithm has merits of stable and fast convergence and ease of computer implementation,and is particularly suitable to solving a nonlinear programming problem with a large num-ber of constraints. | 李兴斯 | 1991 | Science China Mathematics1991，34，12： | 30 |
| 18 | Quantitative assessment of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B and C: T1 mapping on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging显示文摘AIM To assess the accuracy of Look-Locker on gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(GdEOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) for staging liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B/C(CHB/C).METHODS We prospectively included 109 patients with CHB or CHC who underwent a 3.0-Tesla MRI examination, including T1-weighted and Look-Locker sequences for T1 mapping. Hepatocyte fractions(He F) and relaxation time reduction rate(RE) were measured for staging liver fibrosis. A receiver operating characteristic analysis using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) was used to compare thediagnostic performance in predicting liver fibrosis between He F and RE.RESULTS A total of 73 patients had both pathological results and MRI information. The number of patients in each fibrosis stage was evaluated semiquantitatively according to the METAVIR scoring system: F0, n = 23(31.5%); F1, n = 19(26.0%); F2, n = 13(17.8%); F3, n = 6(8.2%), and F4, n = 12(16.4%). He F by EOB enhancement imaging was significantly correlated with fibrosis stage(r =-0.808, P < 0.05). AUC values for diagnosis of any(≥ F1), significant(≥ F2) or advanced(≥ F3) fibrosis, and cirrhosis(F4) using He F were 0.837(0.733-0.913), 0.890(0.795-0.951), 0.957(0.881-0.990), and 0.957(0.882-0.991), respectively. He F measurement was more accurate than use of RE in establishing liver fibrosis staging, suggesting that calculation of He F is a superior noninvasive liver fibrosis staging method.CONCLUSION A T1 mapping-based He F method is an efficient diagnostic tool for the staging of liver fibrosis. | Shen Pan Xiao-Qi Wang Qi-yong Guo | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，18： | 30 |
| 19 | Effects of probiotics on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:A meta-analysis显示文摘AIM:To investigate the relationship between the gutliver axis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of probiotic therapy in NAFLD.METHODS:We searched PubMed,Medline,Embase,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library and Chinese Biomedicine Database for all relevant randomized controlled trials on probiotics in patients with NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).A statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software.RESULTS:Four randomized trials involving 134 NAFLD/NASH patients were included.The results showed that probiotic therapy signifcantly decreased alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),total-cholesterol(T-chol),high density lipoprotein(HDL),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αand homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMAIR)[ALT:weighted mean difference(WMD)-23.71,95%CI:-33.46--13.95,P<0.00001;AST:WMD-19.77,95%CI:-32.55--7.00,P=0.002;T-chol:WMD-0.28,95%CI:-0.55--0.01,P=0.04;HDL:WMD-0.09,95%CI:-0.16-0.01,P=0.03;TNF-α:WMD-0.32,95%CI:-0.48--0.17,P<0.0001;HOMA-IR:WMD-0.46,95%CI:-0.73--0.19,P=0.0008].However,the use of probiotics was not associated with changes in body mass index(BMI),glucose(GLU)and low density lipoprotein(LDL)(BMI:WMD 0.05,95%CI:-0.18-0.29,P=0.64;GLU:WMD 0.05,95%CI:-0.25-0.35,P=0.76;LDL:WMD-0.38,95%CI:-0.78-0.02,P=0.06).CONCLUSION:Probiotic therapies can reduce liver aminotransferases,total-cholesterol,TNF-αand improve insulin resistance in NAFLD patients.Modulation of the gut microbiota represents a new treatment for NAFLD. | Yan-Yan Ma Lin Li Chao-Hui Yu Zhe Shen Li-Hua Chen You-Ming Li | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，40： | 28 |
| 20 | BLOCH'S PRINCIPLE AND NORMAL CRITERION显示文摘In this paper, Bloch’s principle is discussed and a normal criterion is asserted. If Fis a family of meromorphic functions in domain D, for every function f∈F then F is normal in D. | 庞学诚 | 1989 | Science China Mathematics1989，32，7： | 27 |
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