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| 1 | Relation between stable isotope in monsoon precipitation in southern Tibetan Plateau and moisture transport history显示文摘The moisture transport history to the south of the Tibetan Plateau was modeled using the meteorological data provided by NCEP in this paper, and the modeled results were compared with the measured δ18O in the south of the Tibetan Plateau. The relation between δ18O in precipitation in the south of the Tibetan Plateau and moisture trajectories was discussed. The results show that the extremely low δ18O in precipitation in the south of the Tibetan Plateau is always related to the moisture from the low-level sea surface evaporation. The long-distance transport of moisture also contributes to low δ18O in precipitation probably due to the rainout process during moisture transport. It is also found that lowδ18O in precipitation is also related with deep layer transport of moisture, and with intensive condensation in the upper layers of the atmosphere, resulting in low δ18O because of depletion of heavy isotopes in deep condensation. However, high δ18O in precipitation whether in monsoon period or not | 田立德 姚檀栋 A.Numaguti 段克勤 | 2001 | Science China Earth Sciences2001，44，S1： | 30 |
| 2 | The incorporation of thermal methods in mineral magnetism of loess-paleosol sequences: a brief overview显示文摘The advantages of thermal methods for mineral-magnetic research of loess/paleosolsequences are illustrated in an introductory overview. When applying thermal methods, magnetiteand maghemite can be distinguished, something which is difficult with field-dependentmeasurements at room temperature. Also, variable low-temperature oxidation that is related toclimate may be quantified. Thirdly, grain-size estimates pertaining to the whole superparamagneticrange can be inferred from LT warming experiments and to a lesser extent from variable chemicalalteration during heating. Application of mineral-magnetic techniques may lead to thedevelopment of quantifiable proxy parameters for paleoclimate. | A.J.VanVelzen M.J.Dekkers | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，S1： | 24 |
| 3 | 基于系统论的STAMP模型在煤矿事故分析中的应用显示文摘为应对大量使用数字组件和构建复杂系统所带来的安全挑战,将系统工程的思想融入事故预防被认为是有效的应对方法.Systems-theoretic accident model and processes(STAMP)正是一种基于系统论的事故分析模型,目前已在航空航天、化工、医疗、交通安全等领域取得良好的应用.本文首次尝试使用STAMP模型详细分析一起煤矿事故,分别从物理过程、基层操作、直接监管、矿级监管和系统设计、省级监管及事故的动态过程等方面对导致事故发生的控制缺陷进行剖析,发现除技术原因和工人违章操作外,自下而上有12个组织机构存在控制错误,导致这些错误的关键原因是该系统分层控制结构中各层之间的反馈回路在系统外部环境改变后发生了变化.总之,煤矿事故是我国第一大生产事故,本文希望能提供一个更系统、广泛的视角,以帮助发现日益复杂的煤矿系统存在的安全隐患,减少类似事故发生的可能性. | 祝楷 | 2018 | 系统工程理论与实践2018，38，4： | 23 |
| 4 | 华北克拉通晚中生代壳-幔拆离作用:岩石流变学约束显示文摘大陆岩石圈的流变学结构对于岩石圈深部过程(壳/幔过程)有着深刻的影响,直接表现在岩石圈壳-幔结构与浅部构造上。本文注意到华北克拉通晚中生代岩石圈减薄期间地壳的伸展、拆离与减薄在不同地区的宏观、微观构造及地壳岩石流变学等方面的差异表现与区域变化,以及现今和晚中生代时期岩石圈厚度的不均匀性。讨论了以水为主体的地质流体的存在对于岩石圈流变性的影响。综合克拉通东部与西部地壳/地幔厚度变化特点以及下地壳和上地幔含水性特点,阐述了晚中生代时期华北克拉通岩石圈内部壳幔耦合与解耦的规律,提出了华北岩石圈壳-幔拆离作用模型以解释华北克拉通晚中生代岩石圈减薄的基本现象与深部过程。提出区域性伸展作用是岩石圈减薄的主要动力学因素,东部地区在晚中生代伸展作用过程中壳-幔具有典型的解耦性,上部地壳、下部地壳和岩石圈地幔的变形具有显著差异性。而西部区壳幔总体具有耦合性,下地壳与岩石圈地幔共同构成流变学强度很高且难以变形的岩石圈根。 | 刘俊来 纪沫 夏浩然 刘正宏 周永胜 余心起 张宏远 程素华 | 2009 | 岩石学报2009，25，8： | 18 |
| 5 | 成岩过程中碳酸盐-二氧化碳平衡体系的热力学模拟显示文摘碳酸盐矿物的溶解与沉淀在沉积岩成岩作用中具有非常重要的意义,在与之有关的地层流体中,CO_2组分受到了广泛关注。本文选取CaCO_3(方解石)-H_2O-CO_2与CaMg(CO_3)_2(白云石)-H_2O-CO_2体系作为研究对象,利用热力学方法在假设体系达到平衡的前提下对100~7000m深度范围的温度压力条件下的CaCO_3-H_2O-CO_2与CaMg(CO_3)_2-H_2O-CO_2体系中各组分的平衡浓度([H^+]、[Ca^(2+)]、[Mg^(2+)]……)进行了数值模拟,并对不同埋藏深度的温度压力下方解石、白云石的溶解与沉淀,流体对CO_2的吸收与释放,pH变化等相关地质过程进行了讨论。研究表明:随埋深增加,体系的pH值越来越趋于酸性,但碳酸盐并没有持续溶解,而是呈先溶解后沉淀的趋势。对比CaCO_3-H_2O-CO_2体系中碳酸盐的溶解量和沉淀量,可将小于700m的深度范围定义为碳酸盐溶解带,700~2500m的深度范围定义为补偿带,大于2500m的深度范围定义为沉淀带。对比两个体系的固体相体积变化发现,含CO_2的溶蚀性流体虽然不能在白云岩地层中溶出较灰岩地层更多的阳离子,但会产生更高的孔隙度。 | 黄可可 黄思静 佟宏鹏 黄喻 刘丽红 钟倩倩 | 2009 | 岩石学报2009，25，10： | 16 |
| 6 | The wind-water two-phase erosion and sediment-producing processes in the middle Yellow River basin, China显示文摘Based on data from the middle Yellow River basin, a wind-water two-phase mechanism for erosion and sediment-producing processes has been found. By using this mechanism, the extremely strong erosion and sediment yield in the study area can be better explained. The operation of wind and water forces is different in different seasons within a year. During winter and spring, strong wind blows large quantities of eolian sand to gullies and river channels, which are temporally stored there. During the next summer, rainstorms cause runoff that contains much fine loessic material and acts as a powerful force to carry the previously prepared coarse material. As a result, hyperconcentrated flows occur, resulting in high-intensity erosion and sediment yield. | 许炯心 | 2000 | Science China Earth Sciences2000，43，2： | 14 |
| 7 | Contribution of ghrelin to functional gastrointestinal disorders' pathogenesis显示文摘Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGID) are heterogeneous disorders with a variety of clinical manifestations, primarily defined by signs and symptoms rather than a definite underlying cause. Their pathophysiology remains obscure and, although it is expected to differ according to the specific FGID, disruptions in the brain-gut axis are now thought to be a common denominator in their pathogenesis. The hormone ghrelin is an important component of this axis,exerting a wide repertoire of physiological actions, including regulation of gastrointestinal motility and protection of mucosal tissue. Ghrelin's gene shows genetic polymorphism, while its protein product undergoes complex regulation and metabolism in the human body. Numerous studies have studied ghrelin's relation to the emergence of FGIDs, its potential value as an index of disease severity and as a predictive marker for symptom relief during attempted treatment. Despite the mixed results currently available in scientific literature, the plethora of statistically significant findings shows that disruptions in ghrelin genetics and expression are plausibly related to FGID pathogenesis. The aim of this paper is to review current literature studying these associations, in an effort to uncover certain patterns of alterations in both genetics and expression, which could delineate its true contribution to FGID emergence, either as a causative agent or as a pathogenetic intermediate. | Tilemachos Koutouratsas Theodora Kalli Georgios Karamanolis Maria Gazouli | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，5： | 14 |
| 8 | A random walk with a branching system in random environments显示文摘We consider a branching random walk in random environments, where the particles are reproduced as a branching process with a random environment (in time), and move independently as a random walk on Z with a random environment (in locations). We obtain the asymptotic properties on the position of the rightmost particle at time n, revealing a phase transition phenomenon of the system. | Ying-qiu LI Xu LI Quan-sheng LIU | 2007 | Science China Mathematics2007，50，5： | 13 |
| 9 | Age-dependent branching processes in random environments显示文摘We consider an age-dependent branching process in random environments. The environments are represented by a stationary and ergodic sequence ξ = (ξ0,ξ1,...) of random variables. Given an environment ξ, the process is a non-homogenous Galton-Watson process, whose particles in n-th generation have a life length distribution G(ξn) on R+, and reproduce independently new particles according to a probability law p(ξn) on N. Let Z(t) be the number of particles alive at time t. We first find a characterization of the conditional probability generating function of Z(t) (given the environment ξ) via a functional equation, and obtain a criterion for almost certain extinction of the process by comparing it with an embedded Galton-Watson process. We then get expressions of the conditional mean EξZ(t) and the global mean EZ(t), and show their exponential growth rates by studying a renewal equation in random environments. | LI YingQiu LIU QuanSheng | 2008 | Science China Mathematics2008，51，10： | 12 |
| 10 | Development of the universal and simplified soil model coupling heat and water transport显示文摘It is very important to develop a universal soil model with higher simplicity and more accuracy, which can be widely applied to very general cases such as wet or dry soil, frozen or unfrozen soil and homogeneous or heterogeneous soil. Firstly in this study, based on analysis of both magnitude order and the numerical simulation results, the universal and simplified soil model (USSM) coupling heat and mass transport processes is developed. Secondly, in order to avoid the greater uncertainty caused by the phase change term in numerical iteration process for the model solution obtaining, new version of the universal simplified soil model (NUSSM) is further derived through variables transformation, and accordingly a more efficient numerical scheme for the new version is designed well. The simulation results from the NUSSM agree with the results from more complicated and accurate soil model very well, also reasonably reproduce the observed data under widely real conditions. The new version model, because of its simplicity, will match for the development of land surface model. | LI Qian1,2 & SUN ShuFen1 1 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，1： | 11 |
| 11 | Urbanization: Processes and driving forces显示文摘Urbanization is becoming the most important human social change in the world, especially in developing countries.However, what is the process of urbanization? What forces are driving the urbanization process? This paper summarizes five main processes of urbanization through various aspects of urbanization in different countries, including economic growth and development, demographic change, social transformation, reshaped and stretched urban spaces, and shrinking cities. Based on the comprehensive method of analyzing urbanization, this paper sorts out five driving forces of urbanization, which are industrialization, modernization, globalization, marketization and administrative/institutional power. The author tries to contribute to the healthy development of urbanization in developing countries through the analysis of process and driving force in urbanization. | Chaolin GU | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，9： | 10 |
| 12 | The electrochemical advanced oxidation processes coupling of oxidants for organic pollutants degradation: A mini-review显示文摘The electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs) have been extensively applied in the treatment of organic pollutants degradation.Herein,the mini review provides the coupling systems about EAOPs and different oxidants(e.g.,persulfate(PS),peroxymonosulfate(PMS),and ozone(O3)),including EAOPs-PS systems,EAOPs-PMS systems,EAOPs-peroxone systems,and photoelectro-oxidants systems,for the organic compounds degradation.The coupling system of EAOPs with oxidants is an effective way to improve the generated free radicals(e.g.,HO^·and SO4^·-) concentration and to accelerate pollutant degradation.In this review,we make a summary of the homogeneous and heterogeneous EAOPs-oxidant processes.The reaction mechanisms of EAOPs combined with different oxidants are elucidated in detail,as well as the synergistic effect for improving the degradation and mineralization efficiency. | Jun Li Yangju Li Zhaokun Xiong Gang Yao Bo Lai | 2019 | Chinese Chemical Letters2019，30，12： | 10 |
| 13 | Land-surface processes and summer-cloud-precipitation characteristics in the Tibetan Plateau and their effects on downstream weather:a review and perspective显示文摘Correct understanding of the land-surface processes and cloud-precipitation processes in the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is an important prerequisite for the study and forecast of the downstream activities of weather systems and one of the key points for understanding the global atmospheric movement.In order to show the achievements that have been made,this paper reviews the progress on the observations for the atmospheric boundary layer,land-surface heat fluxes,cloud-precipitation distributions and vertical structures by using ground-and space-based multiplatform,multisensor instruments and the effect of the cloud system in the TP on the downstream weather.The results show that the form drag related to the topography,land-atmosphere momentum and scalar fluxes is an important part of the parameterization process.The sensible heat flux decreased especially in the central and northern TP caused by the decrease in wind speeds and the differences in the ground-air temperatures.Observations show that the cloud and precipitation over the TP have a strong diurnal variation.Studies also show the compressed-air column in the troposphere by the higher-altitude terrain of the TP makes particles inside clouds vary at a shorter distance in the vertical direction than those in the non-plateau area so that precipitation intensity over the TP is usually small with short duration,and the vertical structure of the convective precipitation over the TP is obviously different from that in other regions.In addition,the influence of the TP on severe weather downstream is preliminarily understood from the mechanism.It is necessary to use model simulations and observation techniques to reveal the difference between cloud precipitation in the TP and non-plateau areas in order to understand the cloud microphysical parameters over the TP and the processes of the land boundary layer affecting cloud,precipitation and weather in the downstream regions. | Yunfei Fu Yaoming Ma Lei Zhong Yuanjian Yang Xueliang Guo Chenghai Wang Xiaofeng Xu Kun Yang Xiangde Xu Liping Liu Guangzhou Fan Yueqing Li Donghai Wang | 2020 | National Science Review2020，7，3： | 10 |
| 14 | Formation mechanism and development pattern of aeolian sand landform in Yarlung Zangbo River valley显示文摘Aeolian sand landforms in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley can be divided into 4 classes and 21 types. The river valley has favourable environment conditions for the development of aeolian sand landforms. Simulation of MM4 mid-scale climate model showed that the near-surface flow field and wind vector field during the winter half year in the fiver valley are generally favourable for the aeolian sand deposition and as a whole they also affect the distribution zones and sites of aeolian sand landforms. Sand dunes and sand dune groups in the fiver valley developed mainly in three ways, namely windward retarding deposition, leeward back flow deposition and bend circumfluence deposition. Through alternating positive-reverse processes of sand dune formation under wind actions and sand dune vanishing under water actions, sand dunes developed from primary zone through main-body zone then to vanishing zone where climbing dunes and falling dunes are declining and are even disappearing. | 李森 董光荣 申建友 杨萍 刘贤万 王跃 靳鹤龄 王强 | 1999 | Science China Earth Sciences1999，42，3： | 10 |
| 15 | ROS and oxidative burst:Roots in plant development显示文摘Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are widely generated in various redox reactions in plants.In earlier studies.ROS were considered toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism.In recent years,it has become clear that ROS act as plant signaling molecules that participate in various processes such as growth and development.Several studies have elucidated the roles of ROS from seed germination to senescence.However,there is much to discover about the diverse roles of ROS as signaling molecules and their mechanisms of sensing and response.ROS may provide possible benefits to plant physiological processes by supporting cellular proliferation in cells that maintain basal levels prior to oxidative effects.Although ROS are largely perceived as either negative by-products of aerobic metabolism or makers for plant stress,elucidating the range of functions that ROS play in growth and development still require attention. | Anuj Choudhary Antul Kumar Nirmaljit Kaur | 2020 | Plant Diversity2020，42，1： | 9 |
| 16 | Spatial distribution and formation mechanism of aeolian sand in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River显示文摘Aeolian sand landforms in the Yarlung Zangbo River(YZR) valley are a special type of aeolian landform that has attracted the attention of many scholars. However, the spatial distribution as well as the formation mechanism of aeolian sand has rarely been reported with integrated studies. In this paper, for remote sensing interpretation, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and particle size distribution(PSD) methods were used to analyze the spatial distribution and the deposition characteristics of aeolian sand. Combined with wind data and topography, the main driving factors and the formation mechanism of aeolian sand landforms were also examined. In the middle reaches of the YZR valley, there is a total of 2324.43 km^2 of aeolian sand, especially on the north bank of the wide valleys. In different wide valleys, the aeolian sand landforms exhibit a decreasing trend from the upstream to the downstream regions in both the area and expansion rate of aeolian sand. The cyclonic vortexes generated by the westerly winds and glacial winds are the main driving factors for transporting alluvial sand to the riverbank areas to form aeolian dunes. There are three main types of sand dunes in the river valley: climbing dunes, lee dunes and circumfluent dunes. Climbing dunes and lee dunes are mostly located west of the Jiacha Gorge, and the circumfluent dunes are mostly located east of the Jiacha Gorge. | LIU Yong WANG Yun-sheng SHEN Tong | 2019 | Journal of Mountain Science2019，16，9： | 8 |
| 17 | A numerical modelling study on the processes of uplift and planation of the Tibetan Plateau显示文摘The Tibetan Plateau has experienced a number of processes of uplift and planation alternately since about 45 Ma B. P. when it began to raise. A differential equation model for describing the Plateau altitude variation with time is formulated on the basis of previous field studies and a theoretical hypothesis: if palaeomagnetic polarity is positive, the convective activity in the earth is strong; orogenic movement is violent; and the raising velocity of the Plateau is high and vice versa . The analytical solution of the equation is obtained. The altitude variation from the beginning of the Plateau uplift to present is computed through using the geomagnetic polarity reversals timing series and interstellar atomic hydrogen concentration data. A comparison between the model results and the field studies indicates that the former is quite similar to the latter. The model results are able to basically reproduce the alternating processes of uplift and planation of the plate geological history. In the present | 董文杰 汤懋苍 | 1997 | Science China Earth Sciences1997，40，3： | 8 |
| 18 | Expression signatures of long non-coding RNA and mRNA in human traumatic brain injury显示文摘Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) play a key role in craniocerebral disease, although their expression profiles in human traumatic brain injury are still unclear. In this regard, in this study, we examined brain injury tissue from three patients of the 101 st Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, China(specifically, a 36-year-old male, a 52-year-old female, and a 49-year-old female), who were diagnosed with traumatic brain injury and underwent brain contusion removal surgery. Tissue surrounding the brain contusion in the three patients was used as control tissue to observe expression characteristics of lncRNAs and mRNAs in human traumatic brain injury tissue. Volcano plot filtering identified 99 lncRNAs and 63 mRNAs differentially expressed in frontotemporal tissue of the two groups(P < 0.05, fold change > 1.2). Microarray analysis showed that 43 lncRNAs were up-regulated and 56 lncRNAs were down-regulated. Meanwhile, 59 mRNAs were up-regulated and 4 mRNAs were down-regulated. Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) analyses revealed 27 signaling pathways associated with target genes and, in particular, legionellosis and influenza A signaling pathways. Subsequently, a lncRNA-gene network was generated, which showed an absolute correlation coefficient value > 0.99 for 12 lncRNA-mRNA pairs. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed different expression of the five most up-regulated mRNAs within the two groups, which was consistent with the microarray results. In summary, our results show that expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs are significantly different between human traumatic brain injury tissue and surrounding tissue, providing novel insight regarding lncRNAs' involvement in human traumatic brain injury. All participants provided informed consent. This research was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number: ChiCTR-TCC-13004002) and the protocol version number is 1.0. | Li-Xiang Yang Li-Kun Yang Jie Zhu Jun-Hui Chen Yu-Hai Wang Kun Xiong | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，4： | 8 |
| 19 | Advances in research of the mid-deep South China Sea circulation显示文摘The South China Sea(SCS)is a large marginal sea connecting the Indian and Pacific oceans.Under the factors of monsoons,strait transport,and varied bathymetry,the SCS presents a three-layer structure and strong diapycnal mixing which is far greater than that in the open ocean.Theoretical analysis and observations reveal that internal tides,internal solitary waves,and strong winds are the sources of the strong mixing in the northern SCS.A major consequence of the strong mixing is an active mid-deep circulation system.This system promotes exchange of water between the SCS and adjacent oceans,and also regulates the upper layer of wind-driven circulation,making the 3 dimensional SCS circulation clearly different from that in other tropical and subtropical marginal seas.The mass transport capacity of the mid-deep circulation has a substantial impact on marine sedimentation,the biogeochemical cycle,and other processes in the SCS.This paper summarizes the recent advances in middeep sea circulation dynamics of the SCS,and discusses the opportunities and challenges in this area. | Dongxiao WANG Qiang WANG Shuqun CAI Xiaodong SHANG Shiqiu PENG Yeqiang SHU Jingen XIAO Xiaohui XIE Zhiwei ZHANG Zhiqiang LIU Jian LAN Dake CHEN Huijie XUE Guihua WANG Jianping GAN Xinong XIE Rui ZHANG Hui CHEN Qingxuan YANG | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，12： | 8 |
| 20 | Preparation, microstructure and properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Sc alloy tubes显示文摘The Al-6.0Zn-2.0Mg-0.2Sc-0.10Zr hollow tube ingots, prepared by semi-continuous casting technology, were subjected to ho- mogenization treatment, hot extrusion, intermediate annealing, tension, solution and aging treatment. The microstructures and properties of as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Sc alloy at different homogenization treatment conditions were studied using hardness measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The results showed that the phases in the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Sc alloy were α(Al) and T(Mg32(Al,Zn)49). The metastable supersaturation solid solution decomposed firstly. Then the equilibrium T phases and dispersed Al3(Sc,Zr) particles precipitated and dissolved into the solution matrixes at high homogenization tem- perature. The appropriate homogenization processing was determined to be 470 oC for 24 h. The microstructures after extrusion were non-recrystallized grains because of dispersed Al3(Sc,Zr) particles. After intermediate annealing most of the deformed microstructures were eliminated and softened. During solution treatment the equilibrium phases dissolved into the matrix, leading to the formation of supersatura-tion solid solution. The η′ phases precipitated from the solid solution during aging process. The η′ phases in the grain and the equilibrium phases on the grain boundaries were coarsening and the precipitate free zone (PFZ) was wider with increasing of the aging temperature and time. The suitable heat treatment for Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr aluminum tubes was solution treated at 470 oC for 1 h, followed by aging at 120 oC for 24 h. At this condition, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation could reach 520 MPa, 510 MPa and 11%, respectively. The high strength was mainly due to the fine grain strengthening caused by the addition of Sc and Zr, the subgrain strengthening and precipitation strengthening of Al3(Sc,Zr) particles and η′ phase. | 何振波 尹志民 林森 邓英 商宝川 周向 | 2010 | Journal of Rare Earths2010，28，4： | 7 |
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