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| 1 | Starch grain analysis reveals function of grinding stone tools at Shangzhai site, Beijing显示文摘Prehistoric groundstone tools including slabs (metate, mo-pan) and mullers (mano, mo-bang) are often considered to be tools that were used to process cereals in ancient China. Most archaeologists believe that groundstone tools are indicators of an agrarian economy. This study employed starch grain analysis to examine a slab and a muller excavated from the Shangzhai Site (7500-7000 cal a BP), Beijing. Identifiable starch grains recovered from the stone tools were classified into 9 genera and 12 species, most of which were from acorns and foxtail millets. Remains from the oak species Q. mongolicus, Q. acuttssima, and Q. dentate were identified as well as a few starch grains from broomcorn (Panicum miliaseum) and bean (Vigna sp.). Other starch grains were from unidentifiable roots and grasses. A variety of starch grains indicates that the grinding stone tools were used to process not only cereals, but also other seeds or roots that had to be ground or husked, thus bringing into question the aforementioned cereal hypothesis. Because the numbers of starch grains from nuts and millets were so large, both gathering and cultivation might have been important economic patterns before 7000 years ago in Beijing area. Moreover, the starch remains are derived from plants that indicate that the paleoclimate of Beijing was wetter and warmer than today’s. | YANG XiaoYan YU JinCheng Lü HouYuan CUI TianXing GUO JingNing GE QuanSheng | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，8： | 32 |
| 2 | Changes in cropland topsoil organic carbon with different fertilizations under long-term agro-ecosystem experiments across China's Mainland显示文摘Topsoil soil organic carbon(SOC) data were collected from long-term Chinese agro-ecosystem experiments presented in 76 reports with measurements over 1977 and 2006.The data set comprised 481 observations(135 rice paddies and 346 dry croplands) of SOC under different fertilization schemes at 70 experimental sites(28 rice paddies and 42 dry croplands).The data set covered 16 dominant soil types found in croplands across 23 provinces of China's Mainland.The fertilization schemes were grouped into six categories:N(inorganic nitrogen fertilizer only),NP(compound inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers),NPK(compound inorganic nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers),O(organic fertilizers only),OF(combined inorganic/organic fertilization) and Others(other unbalanced fertilizations such as P only,K only,P plus K and N plus K).Relative change in SOC content was analyzed,and rice paddies and dry croplands soils were compared.There was an overall temporal increase in topsoil SOC content,and relative annual change(RAC,g kg-1 yr-1) ranged -0.14-0.60(0.13 on average) for dry cropland soils and -0.12-0.70(0.19 on average) for rice paddies.SOC content increase was higher in rice paddies than in dry croplands.SOC increased across experimental sites,but was higher under organic fertilization and combined organic/inorganic fertilizations than chemical fertilizations.SOC increase was higher under balanced chemical fertilizations with compound N,P and K fertilizers than unbalanced fertilizations such as N only,N plus P,and N plus K.The effects of specific rational fertilizations on SOC increase persisted for 15 years in dry croplands and 20 years in rice paddies,although RAC values decreased generally as the experiment duration increased.Therefore,the extension of rational fertilization in China's croplands may offer a technical option to enhance C sequestration potential and to sustain long-term crop productivity. | WANG ChengJi1,PAN GenXing1*,TIAN YouGuo2,LI LianQing1,ZHANG XuHui1 & HAN XiaoJun1 1Institute of Resources,Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China 2Center of Soil and Fertilizer Quality Monitoring and Test,Agricultural Ministry of China,Beijing 100026,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 24 |
| 3 | Identification of coastal wetlands of international importance for waterbirds:a review of China Coastal Waterbird Surveys 2005–2013显示文摘Background:China's coastal wetlands belong to some of the most threatened ecosystems worldwide.The loss and degradation of these wetlands seriously threaten waterbirds that depend on wetlands.Methods:The China Coastal Waterbird Census was organized by volunteer birdwatchers in China's coastal region.Waterbirds were surveyed synchronously once every month at 14 sites,as well as irregularly at a further 18 sites,between September 2005 and December 2013.Results:A total of 75 species of waterbirds met the 1 % population level Ramsar listing criterion at least once at one site.The number of birds of the following species accounted for over 20 % of the total flyway populations at a single site:Mute Swan(Cygnus olor),Siberia Crane(Grus leucogeranus),Far Eastern Oystercatcher(Haematopus osculans),Bar-tailed Godwit(Limosa lapponica),Spotted Greenshank(Tringa guttifer),Great Knot(Calidris tenuirostris),Spoon-billed Sandpiper(Calidris pygmeus),Saunders' s Gull(Larus saundersi),Relict Gull(Larus relictus),Great Cormorant(Phalacrocorax carbo),Eurasian Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia),Black-faced Spoonbill(Platalea minor) and Dalmatian Pelican(Pelecanus crispus).A total of 26 sites supported at least one species of which their number met the1 % criterion.Forty-two species met the 1 % criterion in the Yellow River Delta,Shandong;29 at the Cangzhou coast,Hebei and 26 species at the Lianyungang coast,Jiangsu.Conclusions:The results highlight the international importance of China's coastal wetlands for waterbirds.This study also demonstrates that participation of local birdwatchers in waterbird surveys results in data that are invaluable not only for understanding the current status of waterbirds in China's coastal regions but also for waterbird conservation and management. | Qingquan Bai Jianzhong Chen Zhihong Chen Guotai Dong Jiangtian Dong Wenxiao Dong Vivian Wing Kan Fu Yongxiang Han Gang Lu Jing Li Yang Liu Zhi Lin Derong Meng Jonathan Martinez Guanghui Ni Kai Shan Renjie Sun Suixing Tian Fengqin Wang Zhiwei Xu Yat-tung Yu Jin Yang Zhidong Yang Lin Zhang Ming Zhang Xiangwu Zeng | 2015 | Chinese Birds2015，，3： | 20 |
| 4 | 基于GEOPAK Site的三维开挖辅助设计显示文摘在水电工程设计中,开挖图的绘制较为繁琐和复杂,仅仅借助传统的平面CAD绘图软件进行辅助设计,难以取得良好的设计成果。以上马迪水电工程为例,借助于GEOPAK Site强大的三维场地运算分析能力,对其进行三维开挖辅助设计,设计过程相对于传统设计方法更快捷且准确。详细介绍了GEOPAK Site的运用方法。 | 孙程 | 2013 | 人民长江2013，44，17： | 20 |
| 5 | Manipulating mRNA splicing by base editing in plants显示文摘Precursor-mRNAs(pre-mRNA) can be processed into one or more mature m RNA isoforms through constitutive or alternative splicing pathways. Constitutive splicing of pre-mRNA plays critical roles in gene expressional regulation, such as intronmediated enhancement(IME), whereas alternative splicing(AS) dramatically increases the protein diversity and gene functional regulation. However, the unavailability of mutants for individual spliced isoforms in plants has been a major limitation in studying the function of mRNA splicing. Here, we describe an efficient tool for manipulating the splicing of plant genes. Using a Cas9-directed base editor, we converted the 5′ splice sites in four Arabidopsis genes from the activated GT form to the inactive AT form. Silencing the AS of HAB 1.1(encoding a type 2 C phosphatase) validated its function in abscisic acid signaling, while perturbing the AS of RS31 A revealed its functional involvement in plant response to genotoxic treatment for the first time. Lastly,altering the constitutive splicing of Act2 via base editing facilitated the analysis of IME. This strategy provides an efficient tool for investigating the function and regulation of gene splicing in plants and other eukaryotes. | Chenxiao Xue Huawei Zhang Qiupeng Lin Rong Fan Caixia Gao | 2018 | Science China(Life Sciences)2018，61，11： | 18 |
| 6 | Management of postoperative spinal infections显示文摘Postoperative surgical site infection(SSI) is a common complication after posterior lumbar spine surgery. This review details an approach to the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of SSIs. Factors contributing to the development of a SSI can be split into three categories:(1) microbiological factors;(2) factors related to the patient and their spinal pathology; and(3) factors relating to the surgical procedure. SSI is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The virulence of the organism causing the SSI can affect its presentation. SSI can be prevented by careful adherence to aseptic technique,prophylactic antibiotics,avoiding myonecrosis by frequently releasing retractors and preoperatively optimizing modifiable patient factors. Increasing pain is commonly the only symptom of a SSI and can lead to a delay in diagnosis. C-reactive protein and magnetic resonance imaging can help establish the diagnosis. Treatment requires acquiring intra-operative cultures to guide future antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement of all necrotic tissue. A SSI can usually be adequately treated without removing spinalinstrumentation. A multidisciplinary approach to SSIs is important. It is useful to involve an infectious disease specialist and use minimum serial bactericidal titers to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. A plastic surgeon should also be involved in those cases of severe infection that require repeat debridement and delayed closure. | Vishal Hegde Dennis S Meredith Christopher K Kepler Russel C Huang | 2012 | World Journal of Orthopedics2012，3，11： | 17 |
| 7 | Characteristics of paleoflood deposits archived in unit T0403 of Yuxi Site in the Three Gorges reservoir areas,China显示文摘Based on the detailed analyses,multi-proxies such as AMS 14 C dating,grain size,component and morphology of heavy minerals,micromorphology of zircon,magnetic susceptibility,Rb/Sr and Hg content are used to research the paleoflood sediments archived in the Yuxi Site.The research indicates that, since 7.6 kaBP,at least 16 times of paleoflood with water level above Wusong Elevation 147.024 m(a.s.l.) left deposits in the Neolithic layers of unit T0403 from the Yuxi Site.The results are induced from the following aspects:(1)The plaeoflood sediments take on great similarities with modern flood sediments in the Yuxi Site and Zhongba Site in probability cumulative curves which mainly show a pattern of 3 segments in fluvial pattern.(2)There is some resemblance between the heavy mineral components and the zircon shape characteristics of paleoflood deposits and those of modern flood deposits.(3) Magnetic susceptibility values(40.44―70.10SI)are lower than those of sediments from cultural layers (59.59―188.68SI).(4)Hg values(290.71―742.51 ng/g)are lower than those of sediments from cultural layers(344.16―10518.17 ng/g).(5)Rb/Sr values are higher than those of sediments from cultural layers, while those of the 4th,5th,6th,7th,8th cultural layers are high,which shows that they are inundated by paleoflood.The reason for many flood deposits existing is related to the site situated on the first terrace where the Yuxi River joins with the Yangtze River.As there are some similarities between the plaeoflood sediments and those of the Zhongba Site,it is feasible to confirm the existence of paleoflood sediments based on the above points. | ZHU Cheng MA ChunMei XU WeiFeng BAI JiuJiang ZHENG ChaoGui ZHU GuangYao WANG HuiLin CHEN Ye LU XueFeng | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，S1： | 16 |
| 8 | Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia worldwide显示文摘Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia(GTN) is a rare tumor that originates from pregnancy that includes invasive mole, choriocarcinoma(CCA), placental site trophoblastic tumor and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor(PSTT/ETT). GTN presents different degrees of proliferation, invasion and dissemination, but, if treated in reference centers, has high cure rates, even in multi-metastatic cases.The diagnosis of GTN following a hydatidiform molar pregnancy is made according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)2000 criteria: four or more plateaued human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)concentrations over three weeks; rise in hCG for three consecutive weekly measurements over at least a period of 2 weeks or more; and an elevated but falling hCG concentrations six or more months after molar evacuation. However,the latter reason for treatment is no longer used by many centers. In addition,GTN is diagnosed with a pathological diagnosis of CCA or PSTT/ETT. For staging after a molar pregnancy, FIGO recommends pelvic-transvaginal Doppler ultrasound and chest X-ray. In cases of pulmonary metastases with more than 1cm, the screening should be complemented with chest computed tomography and brain magnetic resonance image. Single agent chemotherapy, usually Methotrexate(MTX) or Actinomycin-D(Act-D), can cure about 70% of patients with FIGO/World Health Organization(WHO) prognosis risk score ≤ 6(low risk), reserving multiple agent chemotherapy, such as EMA/CO(Etoposide,MTX, Act-D, Cyclophosphamide and Oncovin) for cases with FIGO/WHO prognosis risk score ≥ 7(high risk) that is often metastatic. Best overall cure rates for low and high risk disease is close to 100% and > 95%, respectively. The management of PSTT/ETT differs and cure rates tend to be a bit lower. The early diagnosis of this disease and the appropriate treatment avoid maternal death,allow the healing and maintenance of the reproductive potential of these women. | Antonio Braga Paulo Mora Andréia Cristina de Melo Angélica Nogueira-Rodrigues Joffre Amim-Junior Jorge Rezende-Filho Michael J Seckl | 2019 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2019，10，2： | 15 |
| 9 | Evolution of vegetation and climate since the last glacial maximum recorded at Dahu peat site, South China显示文摘Sporopollen analysis on a 346 cm peat record at Dahu, Jiangxi, chronologically constrained by 16 AMS 14C datings, provides an opportunity to reconstruct the vegetation evolution stages responding to cli-mate change in South China since the last glacial maximum. The result shows that during 18330-15630 cal a B.P., broad-leaved forest dominated the area, corresponding to mild, cool and fairly humid climate. At the interval of 15630-11600 cal a B.P., several evergreen broad-leaved species appeared within the broad-leaved forest, indicating moderate and humid condition. During early Holocene, broad-leaved evergreen forest community was constructed as Castanopsis/Lithorcarpus principally developed, suggesting a warm and humid scenario until 6000 cal a B. P. Since 6000 cal a B. P., abrupt forest deterioration happened with an contemporary increase of fern and herb communities, repre-senting a turnover to relatively cool and dry condition and as well, possible impact from human activi-ties. Meanwhile, several relatively cool and dry events can be identified in the sporopollen record, they can be correlated to the North Atlantic Heinrich event, YD and Holocene millennial-scale oscillations, implying that the low latitude climate was coupled with high latitude influences. Moreover, the varia-tions of temperature and humidity since LGM at Dahu were much smaller when compared with the re-cords in north monsoonal China. | XIAO JiaYi Lü HaiBo ZHOU WeiJian ZHAO ZhiJun HAO RuiHui | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，8： | 15 |
| 10 | 中加双边贸易产品国际竞争力分析与比较显示文摘入世以来,中加双边贸易发展迅速,四年中双边贸易额增加1.6倍。中加双边贸易规模扩大潜力何在?本文对此进行了探讨。文内分别运用中加两方的统计数字,从“类”与“章”两个层次,对2002—2005年的贸易产品逐一进行贸易竞争力指数(TC)的测算。结论是两圆闻的国际分工主要建立在资源(要素)禀赋的基础上,主要体现的是作为资源大国的加拿大与作为劳动力资源丰富的中国之间的分工格局,加拿大作为技术大国的优势在双边贸易中并未充分体现。中加经贸规模要扩大,应重视发挥各自优势,扩展产业内的贸易分工,增加投资,扩大技术贸易与技术合作。 | 林珏 | 2007 | 世界经济研究2007，，1： | 13 |
| 11 | 高速公路紧急救援服务点选址模型的研究显示文摘在总结高速公路紧急救援服务点选址原则基础上,应用应急系统选址主要模型——集合覆盖模型和最大覆盖模型,初步解决了高速公路紧急救援体系中多个服务点选址问题。然后,分别建立了服务点安置费用相同和不同情况下的集合覆盖模型,并给出模型解法步骤,介绍了最大覆盖模型。最后,通过算例阐述了应用模型解决高速公路多个紧急救援服务点选址问题的策略和求解过程,计算结果表明,该模型在解决多个服务点选址问题时具有较好效果,为决策者在成本和实际需求之间权衡、最终确定服务点选址方案提供了依据。 | 朱晓波 钱振东 陆振波 时幸飞 | 2010 | 交通运输工程与信息学报2010，8，4： | 12 |
| 12 | Facile synthesis of ultrathin metal-organic framework nanosheets for Lewis acid catalysis显示文摘Ultrathin metalorganic framework (MOF) nanosheets are attracting great interest in catalysis due to their unique and intriguing two-dime nsional (2D) features. Although many progresses have been achieved, it is still highly desirable to develop novel strategies for controllable synthesis of the well-defined ultrathin MOF nanosheets. Herein we report a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted route to synthesize the ultrathin Ni-MOF nanosheets characteristic of 1.5 nm in thickness, in which PVP is reacted with 2-aminoterephthalic acid (H2BDC-NH2) via formation of C=N bon d, followed by coord inatio n with Ni2+ io ns to form the ultrathi n MOF n anosheets. Impressively, when used in the Kno eve nagel condensation reactions of propane dinitrile with different aldehydes, ultrathin Ni-MOF nanosheets display the significantly enhanced catalytic activity and good stability in respect with the bulk Ni-MOF, mainly owing to the exposed active sites as well as facile mass transfer and diffusion of substrates and products. | Xiaofei Zhang Lin Chang Zhongjie Yang Yanan Shi Chang Long Jianyu Han Binhao Zhang Xueying Qiu Guodong Li Zhiyong Tang | 2019 | Nano Research2019，12，2： | 11 |
| 13 | Starch grains from dental calculus reveal ancient plant foodstuffs at Chenqimogou site, Gansu Province显示文摘Chenqimogou site, located at the south bank of Tao River, is comprised of a large group of graves dated to ~4000 a BP. For its large scale, unique mortuary system, and abundant of typical artifacts, the site was named one of 'Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries of 2008 in China'. Many intact human skeletons have been excavated from the graves. Three teeth from two adult skeletons excavated from graves M187 and M194 were examined. Forty-eight starch grains were retrieved from dental calculus of three teeth. Six of those starch grains could not be identified because of damage. The others were classified into seven groups. Most of them were from wheat (Triticum aestivum) and/or barley (Hordeum vulgare). Remains possibly from foxtail millet (Setaria italica), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), gingkgo (Ginkgo biloba), acorn (Quercus spp.), bean, roots or tubers were identified. Ancient starch grains from dental calculus indicate that human foodstuffs primarily sourced from wheat, buckwheat, and foxtail millet. Acorn, beans, tubers or roots were supplements. A variety of starch grains retrieved from dental calculus revealed that diverse crops were cultivated in the Chenqimogou site 4000 years ago, and both dry-land farming and gathering were engaged. | LI MingQi YANG XiaoYan WANG Hui WANG Qiang JIA Xin GE QuanSheng | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，5： | 11 |
| 14 | Determination of ocean tide loading displacements in Hong Kong using GPS technique显示文摘Ocean tide loading (OTL) displacements of eight principal constituents at 12 sites in Hong Kong were determined using more than eight years of continuous GPS observations. Parameters of the OTL displacements were estimated using daily GPS solutions obtained with precise point positioning (PPP) technique. The results were compared with predictions from seven latest global ocean tide models. Gravity measurements of OTL in Hong Kong were also used to validate the GPS results. The study shows that the results from both the GPS and gravity measurements agree best with the GOT4.7 and NAO99b models, when the K1 and K2 constituents are excluded. The agreements between the GPS and the model estimates are generally at sub-millimeter level in both the horizontal and vertical directions, except for S2, K2 and K1 constituents that have relatively larger errors. After removing the systematic biases between the GPS and the model estimates, the misfits of M2, S2, N2, O1, P1 and Q1 at all sites are within 0.5 and 1.0 mm in the horizontal and the vertical directions, respectively, whereas K1 and K2 show relatively larger misfits of up to 2.3 mm. Both the GPS and the gravity S2 estimates have large biases with unknown reasons when compared with the modeled values, which needs to be further investigated. The study demonstrates that GPS is capable of estimating the OTL displacements with the same accuracy as the model predictions, especially for coastal areas. | YUAN LinGuo1,3, DING XiaoLi1, SUN HePing2, ZHONG Ping1,3 & CHEN Wu1 1 Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China 2 Key Laboratory of Dynamic Geodesy, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China 3 Department of Surveying Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，7： | 10 |
| 15 | Influence of earthquake ground motion incoherency on multi-support structures显示文摘A linear response history analysis method is used to determine the influence of three factors: geometric incoherency, wave-passage, and local site characteristics on the response of multi-support structures subjected to differential ground motions. A one-span frame and a reduced model of a 24-span bridge, located in Las Vegas, Nevada are studied, in which the influence of each of the three factors and their combinations are analyzed. It is revealed that the incoherency of earthquake ground motion can have a dramatic influence on structural response by modifying the dynamics response to uniform excitation and inducing pseudo-static response, which does not exist in structures subjected to uniform excitation. The total response when all three sources of ground motion incoherency are included is generally larger than that of uniform excitation. | 杨庆山 M.Saiid Saiidi 王航 Ahmad Itani | 2002 | Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration2002，1，2： | 9 |
| 16 | New radiocarbon and archaeobotanical evidence reveal the timing and route of southward dispersal of rice farming in south China显示文摘The origins and spreads of rice agriculture have been enduring topics, yet the timing and southward dispersal from the Yangtze River Basin have been difficult to trace, due to the scarcity of archaeobotanical data, especially systematic macro-plant remains examination, combined with the poor preservation in the humid climate and acidic soils of China's southern provinces.Here, we report new radiocarbon dating and preserved rice phytolith evidence, derived from three Late Neolithic archaeological sites in south China, dated about 5,000–4,100 cal a BP.Our results demonstrate that rice farming had spread southward through the mountainous regions of Wuyi and Nanling, then entered the areas of Western Fujian and North Guangdong by 5,000 cal a BP, followed by continued expansion into coastal areas of East China Sea and South China Sea, also crossing the Taiwan Strait, around 4,500–4,000 cal a BP.The North River,East River, Min River, and possibly other river systems likely were influential as pathways or conduits. | Xiaoyan Yang Qiuhe Chen Yongchao Ma Zhao Li Hsiao-chun Hung Qianglu Zhang Zhiwei Jin Suoqiang Liu Zhenyu Zhou Xianguo Fu | 2018 | Science Bulletin2018，63，22： | 9 |
| 17 | An analytical solution to the scattering of cylindrical SH waves by a partially filled semi-circular alluvial valley: near-source site effects显示文摘The earth's surface irregularities can substantially affect seismic waves and induce amplifi cations of ground motions. This study investigates whether and how the source characteristics affect the site amplifi cation effects. An analytical model of a line source of cylindrical waves impinging on an alluvial valley is proposed to link the source and site. The analytical solution to this problem proves one aspect of the strong effect of source on site amplifi cation, i.e., the wave curvature effect. It is found that the site amplifi cation depends on the source location, especially under conditions of a small source-to-site distance. Whether the displacement is amplifi ed or reduced and the size of the amplifi cation or reduction may be determined by the location of the source. It is suggested that traditional studies of site responses, which usually ignore the source effect, should be further improved by combining the source with site effects. | Zhang Ning Gao Yufeng Yang Jie Xu Changjie | 2015 | Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration2015，14，2： | 9 |
| 18 | Radiolarian record to paleoecological environment change events over the past 1.2 MaBP in the southern South China Sea显示文摘This note studies the Radiolarian fossil groups since 1.2 MaBP in ODP leg 184 site 1143, the southern South China Sea (SCS). The result shows that radiolarian abundance experienced a significant variation: before 0.9 MaBP it remained at the extremely low level, but increased with low extent between 0.9-0.65 Ma, which corresponded to the Mid-Pleistocene Transition stage, and it increased rapidly after 0.65 MaBP. During the whole process, the average abundance became higher and higher in each stage, and showed regularly periodic fluctuations. The obvious increase after 0.65 MaBP is inferred to result from the enhanced up-welling in this region, which was induced by the intensified monsoon circulation after the 'Mid-Pleistocene Transition'. An outstanding result of the spectral analyses is that a long oscillation of - 0.2 Ma cycle was found in the records of radiolarian abundance and complex diversity, which corresponds well to the result of other paleoceanographic indexes. This probably indicated a | YANG Lihong CHEN Muhong WANG Rujian ZHEN Fan | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，17： | 8 |
| 19 | Laparoendoscopic single-site cholecystectomy vs three-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A large-scale retrospective study显示文摘AIM: To perform a large-scale retrospective comparison of laparoendoscopic single-site cholecystectomy (LESSC) and three-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (TPLC) in a single institution. METHODS: Data were collected from 366 patients undergoing LESSC between January 2005 and July 2008 and were compared with the data from 355 patients undergoing TPLC between August 2008 and November 2011 in our department. Patients with body mass index greater than 35 kg/m2 , a history of major upper abdominal surgery, signs of acute cholecystitis, such as fever, right upper quadrant tenderness with or without Murphy's sign, elevated white blood cell count, imaging findings suggestive of pericholecystic fluid, gallbladder wall thickening > 4 mm, and gallstones > 3 cm, were excluded to avoid bias. RESULTS: Altogether, 298 LESSC and 315 TPLC patients met the inclusion criteria. The groups were well matched with regard to demographic data. There were no significant differences in terms of postoperative complications (contusion: 19 vs 25 and hematoma at incision: 11 vs 19), hospital stay (mean ± SD, 1.4 ± 0.2 d vs 1.4 ± 0.7 d) and visual analogue pain score (mean ± SD, 8 h after surgery: 2.3 ± 1.4 vs 2.3 ± 1.3 and at day 1: 1.2 ± 0.4 vs 1.3 ± 1.2) between the LESSC and TPLC patients. Four patients required the addition of extra ports and 2 patients were converted to open surgery in the LESSC group, which was not significantly different when compared with TPLC patients converted to laparotomy (2 vs 2). LESSC resulted in a longer operating time (mean ± SD, 54.8 ± 11.0 min vs 33.5 ± 9.0 min), a higher incidence of intraoperative gallbladder perforation (56 vs 6) and higher operating cost (mean ± SD, 1933.7 ± 64.4 USD vs 1874.7 ± 46.2 USD) than TPLC. No significant differences in operating time (mean ± SD, 34.3 ± 6.0 min vs 32.7 ± 8.7 min) and total cost (mean ± SD, 1881.3 ± 32.8 USD vs 1876.2 ± 33.4 USD) were found when the last 100 cases in the two groups were compared. A correlation was observed between reduced operating time of LESSC and increased experience (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, -0.28). More patients in the LESSC group expressed satisfaction with the cosmetic result (98% vs 85%). CONCLUSION: LESSC is a safe and feasible procedure in selected patients with benign gallbladder diseases, with the significant advantage of cosmesis. | Yuan Cheng Ze-Sheng Jiang Xiao-Ping Xu Zhi Zhang Ting-Cheng Xu Chen-Jie Zhou Jia-Sheng Qin Guo-lin He Yi Gao Ming-Xin Pan | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，26： | 8 |
| 20 | Single-incision vs three-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy for complicated and uncomplicated acute cholecystitis显示文摘AIM:To compare the clinical outcome of single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy(SILC)and three-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy(3ILC)for acute cholecystitis.METHODS:From July 2009 to September 2012,136patients underwent SILC or 3ILC for acute cholecystitis at a tertiary referral hospital.One experienced surgeon performed every procedure using 5 or 10 mm 30-degree laparoscopes,straight instruments,and conventional ports.Five patients with perforated gallbladder and diffuse peritonitis and 23 patients with mild acute cholecystitis were excluded.The remaining 108 patients were divided into complicated and uncomplicated groups according to pathologic findings.Patient demography,clinical data,operative results and complications were recorded and analyzed.RESULTS:Fifty patients with gangrenous cholecystitis,gallbladder empyema,or hydrops were classified as the complicated group,and 58 patients with acute cholecystitis were classified as the uncomplicated group.Twenty-three(46.0%)of the patients in the complicated group(n=50)and 39(67.2%)of the patients in the uncomplicated group(n=58)underwent SILC;all others underwent 3ILC.The postoperative length of hospital stay(PLOS)was significantly shorter in the SILC subgroups than the 3ILC subgroups(3.5±1.1 d vs 4.6±1.3 d,P<0.01 in the complicated group;2.9±1.1 d vs 3.7±1.4 d,P<0.05 in the uncomplicated group).The maximum body temperature recorded at day 1 and at day 2 following the procedure was lower in the SILC subgroups,but the difference reached statistical significance only in the uncomplicated group(37.41±0.56℃vs 37.80±0.72℃,P<0.05 on postoperative day 1;37.10±0.43℃vs 37.57±0.54℃,P<0.01 on postoperative day 2).The operative time,estimated blood loss,postoperative narcotic use,total length of hospital stay,conversion rates,and complication rates were similar in both SILC and 3ILC subgroups.The complicated group had longer operative time(122.2±35.0 min vs 106.6±43.6 min,P<0.05),longer PLOS(4.1±1.3 d vs 3.2±1.2 d,P<0.001),and higher conversion rates(36.0%vs 19.0%,P<0.05)compared with the uncomplicated group.CONCLUSION:SILC is safe and efficacious for patients with acute cholecystitis.The main benefit is a faster recovery than that achieved with 3ILC. | Shu-Hung Chuang Pai-Hsi Chen Chih-Ming Chang Chih-Sheng Lin | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 7 |
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