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| 1 | Relationship between the exocrine and endocrine pancreas after acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM:To determine the prevalence and time course of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in individuals with newly diagnosed prediabetes or diabetes mellitus after acute pancreatitis.METHODS:Relevant literature cited in three major biomedical journal databases(EMBASE,MEDLINE,and Scopus)was reviewed independently by two authors.There were no language constraints but the search was limited to human studies.Studies included were cohort studies of adult patients who were discharged after an attack of acute pancreatitis.Patients were excluded if they were under 18 years of age or had a previous diagnosis of prediabetes or diabetes mellitus,pancreatic exocrine insufficiency,or chronic pancreatitis.The main outcome measure was the prevalence of concomitant pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in patients who were diagnosed with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus after an attack of acute pancreatitis.Subgroup analysis was conducted for patients who were diagnosed with prediabetes only and those who were diagnosed withdiabetes mellitus only.Subgroup analysis looking at the time course of concomitant pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency was also conducted.Pooled prevalence and corresponding 95%confidence intervals were calculated for all outcome measures and P-values<0.05 were deemed statistically significant.RESULTS:Eight clinical studies comprising of 234patients met all eligibility criteria.The pooled prevalence of newly diagnosed prediabetes or diabetes in individuals after acute pancreatitis was 43%(95%CI:30%-56%).The pooled prevalence of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in individuals after acute pancreatitis was 29%(95%CI:19%-39%).The prevalence of concomitant pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in individuals with newly diagnosed prediabetes or diabetes was 40%(95%CI:25%-55%).The prevalence of concomitant pancreatic exocrine insufficiency among individuals with prediabetes alone and diabetes mellitus alone was 41%(95%CI:12%-75%)and 39%(95%CI:28%-51%),respectively.Further analysis showed that the prevalence of concomitant pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in individuals with prediabetes or diabetes decreases over time after an attack of acute pancreatitis.CONCLUSION:Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency occurs in 40%of individuals with newly diagnosed prediabetes or diabetes mellitus after acute pancreatitis.Further studies are needed to investigate the pathogenesis of diabetes in this setting. | Stephanie L M Das James I C Kennedy Rinki Murphy Anthony R J Phillips John A Windsor Maxim S Petrov | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，45： | 9 |
| 2 | 面中部牵引成骨术矫正综合征性面中部后缩畸形显示文摘目的 探讨牵引成骨术治疗面中部后缩畸形的可行性。方法 2 0 0 1至 2 0 0 2年对 4例Crouzon、Apert和Marfan综合征 ,并伴面中部后缩畸形的患者 ,分别行LeFortIII内置式延长器 (2例 )、LeFortIII水平外置式延长器 (1例 )、monobloc水平内置式延长器 (1例 )治疗 ,于截骨后 4d开始牵引延长 ,速度为每天 1mm。结果 按计划完成牵引 ,面中部前移 8~ 2 0mm。面中部后缩畸形明显减轻 ,双侧对称 ,尤其眶、鼻根部效果更佳 ,随访 4个月至 1年 ,效果稳定。结论 骨牵引成骨术具有传统的植骨加坚强内固定的方法所无法比拟的优点 ,能较大范围前移面中部 ,是矫正各种发育不良造成的严重面中部后缩畸形的有效而可行的方法。 | 滕利 Andrew A Heggie Anthony D Holmes | 2005 | 中华整形外科杂志2005，21，1： | 8 |
| 3 | Liver disease and erythropoietic protoporphyria:A concise review显示文摘The porphyries are a group of metabolic disorders characterized by deficiencies in the activity of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of heme.In erythropoietic protoporphyria(EPP),in the majority of cases an autosomal dominant disease,there is a mutation of the gene that encodes ferrochelatase(FECH).FECH deficiency is associated with increased concentrations of protoporphyrin in erythrocytes,plasma,skin and liver.The prevalence of this inherited disorder oscillates between 1:75 000 and 1:200 000.Clinical manifestations of EPP appear in early infancy upon first exposure to the sun.Nevertheless,approximately 5%-20% of patients with EPP develop liver manifestations.Retention of protoporphyrin in the liver is associated with cholestatic phenomena and oxidative stress that predisposes to hepatobiliary disease of varying degrees of severity,such as cholelithiasis,mild parenchymal liver disease,progressive hepatocellular disease with end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure.Liver damage is the major risk in EPP patients,so surveillance and frequent clinical and biochemical liver follow-up is mandatory.The diagnostic approach consists in detecting increased levels of protoporphyrin,decreased activity of FECH and genetic analysis of the FECH gene.A variety of nonsurgical therapeutic approaches have been adopted for the management of EPP associated with liver disease,but none of these has been shown to be unequivocally efficacious.Nevertheless,some may have a place in preparing patients for liver transplantation.Liver transplantation does not correct the constitutional deficiency of FECH.Consequently,there is a risk of recurrence of liver disease after liver transplantation as a result of continuing overproduction of protoporphyrin.Some authors recommend that bone marrow transplantation should be considered in liver allograft recipients to prevent recurrence of hepatic disease. | María José Casanova-González María Trapero-Marugán E Anthony Jones Ricardo Moreno-Otero | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，36： | 7 |
| 4 | Retrograde-viewing device improves adenoma detection rate in colonoscopies for surveillance and diagnostic workup显示文摘AIM:To determine which patients might benefit most from retrograde viewing during colonoscopy through subset analysis of randomized,controlled trial data.METHODS:The Third Eye Retroscope Randomized Clinical Evaluation(TERRACE) was a randomized,controlled,multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a retrograde-viewing auxiliary imaging device that is used during colonoscopy to provide a second video image which allows viewing of areas on the proximal aspect of haustral folds and flexures that are difficult to see with the colonoscope's forward view.We performed a post-hoc analysis of the TERRACE data to determine whether certain subsets of the patient population would gain more benefit than others from use of the device.Subjects were patients scheduled for colonoscopy for screening,surveillance or diagnostic workup,and each underwent same-day tandem examinations with standard colonoscopy(SC) and Third Eye colonoscopy(TEC),randomized to SC followed by TEC or vice versa.RESULTS:Indication for colonoscopy was screening in 176/345 subjects(51.0%),surveillance after previous polypectomy in 87(25.2%) and diagnostic workup in 82(23.8%).In 4 subjects no indication was specified.Previously reported overall results had shown a net additional adenoma detection rate(ADR) with TEC of 23.2% compared to SC.Relative risk(RR) of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC as the initial procedure was 1.92(P = 0.029).Post-hoc subset analysis shows additional ADRs for TEC compared to SC were 4.4% for screening,35.7% for surveillance,55.4% for diagnostic and 40.7% for surveillance and diagnostic combined.The RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC was 1.11(P = 0.815) for screening,3.15(P = 0.014) for surveillance,8.64(P = 0.039) for diagnostic and 3.34(P = 0.003) for surveillance and diagnostic combined.Although a multivariate Poisson regression suggested gender as a possibly significant factor,subset analysis showed that the difference between genders was not statistically significant.Age,bowel prep quality and withdrawal time did not significantly affect the RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC.Mean sizes of adenomas detected with TEC and SC were similar at 0.59 cm and 0.56 cm,respectively(P = NS).CONCLUSION:TEC allows detection of significantly more adenomas compared to SC in patients undergoing surveillance or diagnostic workup,but not in screening patients(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01044732). | Peter D Siersema Amit Rastogi Anke M Leufkens Paul A Akerman Kassem Azzouzi Richard I Rothstein Frank P Vleggaar Alessandro Repici Giacomo Rando Patrick I Okolo Olivier Dewit Ana Ignjatovic Elizabeth Odstrcil James East Pierre H Deprez Brian P Saunders Anthony N Kalloo Bradley Creel Vikas Singh Anne Marie Lennon Daniel C DeMarco | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，26： | 6 |
| 5 | Predicting defect behavior in B2 intermetallics by merging ab initio modeling and machine learning显示文摘We present a combination of machine learning and high throughput calculations to predict the points defects behavior in binary intermetallic(A–B)compounds,using as an example systems with the cubic B2 crystal structure(with equiatomic AB stoichiometry).To the best of our knowledge,this work is the first application of machine learning-models for point defect properties.High throughput first principles density functional calculations have been employed to compute intrinsic point defect energies in 100 B2 intermetallic compounds.The systems are classified into two groups:(i)those for which the intrinsic defects are antisites for both A and B rich compositions,and(ii)those for which vacancies are the dominant defect for either or both composition ranges.The data was analyzed by machine learning-techniques using decision tree,and full and reduced multiple additive regression tree(MART)models.Among these three schemes,a reduced MART(r-MART)model using six descriptors(formation energy,minimum and difference of electron densities at the Wigner–Seitz cell boundary,atomic radius difference,maximal atomic number and maximal electronegativity)presents the highest fit(98%)and predictive(75%)accuracy.This model is used to predict the defect behavior of other B2 compounds,and it is found that 45%of the compounds considered feature vacancies as dominant defects for either A or B rich compositions(or both).The ability to predict dominant defect types is important for the modeling of thermodynamic and kinetic properties of intermetallic compounds,and the present results illustrate how this information can be derived using modern tools combining high throughput calculations and data analytics. | Bharat Medasani Anthony Gamst Hong Ding Wei Chen Kristin A Persson Mark Asta Andrew Canning Maciej Haranczyk | 2016 | npj Computational Materials2016，，1： | 6 |
| 6 | Placental accommodations for transport and metabolism during intra-uterine crowding in pigs显示文摘Litter size and birth weights are limited by uterine capacity, defined as the ability of the uterus to maintain the appropriate development of some number of conceptuses. Uterine capacity is the result of the combined effects of uterine, placental and embryo/fetal function. The number of living conceptuses that the uterus is capable of supporting is greater during early gestation compared to later gestation. Plots of log fetal weight versus log placental weight also indicate that fetal weights are less sensitive to reduced placental weight(and therefore reduced intrauterine space) in early gestation compared to late gestation. However, even in late gestation,mechanisms still exist that maintain fetal growth when the size of the placenta is reduced. One such mechanism is likely to be improved development of the folded placental-epithelial/maternal-epithelial bilayer. Fold depth, and therefore the maternal fetal interactive surface, increases as gestation advances and is greater in placenta from small fetuses. On the fetal side of the placenta, the epithelial bilayer is embedded in stromal tissue. Glycosaminoglycans are major components of stroma, including hyaluronan and heparan sulfate. Hyaluronidases and heparanases are present within placental tissues, and likely play roles in modification of stromal components to facilitate fold development. Glycosaminoglycans are polymers of forms of glucose(glucosamine, glucuronic acid, iduronic acid)suggesting that glycosaminoglycan synthesis may compete with the glucose needs of the developing fetus.Pig conceptuses are fructogenic, such that a substantial portion of glucose transferred from mother to fetus is converted to fructose. Fructose is an intermediate product in the synthesis of glucosamine from glucose, and glucosamine is linked to regulation of trophoblast cell proliferation through regulation of m TOR. These findings suggest a link between glucose, fructose, glucosamine synthesis, GAG production, and placental morphogenesis,but the details of these interactions remain unclear. In addition, recent placental epithelial transcriptome analysis identified several glucose, amino acid, lipid, vitamin, mineral and hormone transporter mechanisms within the placenta. Further elucidation of mechanisms of placental morphogenesis and solute transport could provide clues to improving nutrient transport to the pig fetus, potentially increasing litter size and piglet birth weights. | Jeffrey L Vallet Anthony K Mc Neel Jeremy R Miles Bradley A Freking | 2015 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2015，6，2： | 5 |
| 7 | Nicotinic mechanisms influencing synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus显示文摘烟碱的醋胆素受体(nAChRs ) 在整个马头鱼尾的怪兽被表示,并且烟碱的发信号在 neuronal 功能起一个重要作用。在学习和相关行为与海马趾的功能联系了的存储器的上下文, nAChR 活动的一个潜在地重要的特征是它在 synaptic 粘性上有的影响。在海马趾的神经原的 Synaptic 粘性长被认为作出贡献细胞学习和记忆的机制。细胞的机制的这些一样的类型是在烟碱嗜好的发展的一个因素。烟碱的发信号被表明了由在 vitro,经由多重步在海马趾的神经原影响 synaptic 粘性的研究,并且发信号也被显示了在 vivo 唤起 synaptic 粘性。这评论集中于贡献海马趾的 synaptic 粘性在的 nAChRs 子类型细胞并且电路水平。它也在可以贡献嗜好的马头鱼尾的怪兽在长期的变化上考虑烟碱的影响。 | Andon Nicholas PLACZEK Tao A ZHANG John Anthony DANI | 2009 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2009，30，6： | 4 |
| 8 | Acute effects of rotavirus and malnutrition on intestinal barrier function in neonatal piglets显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of protein-energy malnutrition on intestinal barrier function during rotavirus enteritis in a piglet model.METHODS: Newborn piglets were allotted at day 4 of age to the following treatments:(1) full-strength formula(FSF)/noninfected;(2) FSF/rotavirus infected;(3) half-strength formula(HSF)/noninfected;or(4) HSF/rotavirus infected.After one day of adjustment to the feeding rates,pigs were infected with rotavirus and acute effects on growth and diarrhea were monitored for 3 d and jejunal samples were collected for Ussingchamber analyses.RESULTS: Piglets that were malnourished or infected had lower body weights on days 2 and 3 post-infection(P < 0.05).Three days post-infection,marked diarrhea and weight loss were accompanied by sharp reductions in villus height(59%) and lactase activity(91%) and increased crypt depth(21%) in infected compared with non-infected pigs(P < 0.05).Malnutrition also increased crypt depth(21%) compared to full-fed piglets.Villus:crypt ratio was reduced(67%) with viral infection.There was a trend for reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance with rotavirus infection and malnutrition(P = 0.1).3H-mannitol flux was significantly increased(50%;P < 0.001) in rotavirus-infected piglets compared to non-infected piglets,but there was no effect of nutritional status.Furthermore,rotavirus infection reduced localization of the tight junction protein,occludin,in the cell membrane and increased localization in the cytosol.CONCLUSION: Overall,malnutrition had no additive effects to rotavirus infection on intestinal barrier function at day 3 post-infection in a neonatal piglet model. | Sheila K Jacobi Adam J Moeser Anthony T Blikslager J Marc Rhoads Benjamin A Corl Robert J Harrell Jack Odle | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，31： | 4 |
| 9 | Accuracy of colon tumor localization:Computed tomography scanning as a complement to colonoscopy显示文摘AIM:To determine the utility of computed tomography(CT) scanning in localizing colon tumors.METHODS:At a single tertiary care teaching hospital,a retrospective chart review was conducted on patients who underwent surgery for colon malignancies between January 2004 and May 2006.One hundred and four charts containing all of the following data were reviewed:preop erative colonoscopy report,preoperative CT report,surgical operative report,tumor pathology report.The colon was divided into five segments from the cecum to the sigmoid and the location of the lesions was categorized into one of these areas.The tumor location was considered 'erroneous' if its location determined during surgery differed from the location determined by colonoscopy or CT.RESULTS:Over all,tumor location was accurately determined via colonoscopy in 83/104 cases(79.8%) and erroneously in 21/104(20.2%) of cases.CT scan accurately localized colon tumors in 52/104(50.0%) of cases,incorrectly localized tumors in 18/104(17.3%) of cases,and did not detect known tumors in 34/104(32.7%) of cases.Of the 21 tumors erroneously located by colonoscopy,11(52.4%) were accurately localized by CT scan.The average tumor size for all patients in this study was 5.72(+/-3.11) cm.The average size of tumors properly located by colonoscopy and CT was 5.39(+/-3.34) cm and 6.79(+/-3.48) cm,respectively.The average size of the tumors not detected by CT was 3.98(+/-1.75) cm.CONCLUSION:CT scanning may be used in concert with colonoscopy to help localize colon tumors. | Jessica Lee Anthony Voytovich William Pennoyer Kristy Thurston Robert A Kozol | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2010，2，1： | 3 |
| 10 | Repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography after failed initial precut sphincterotomy for biliary cannulation显示文摘AIM: To investigate the outcome of repeating endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography(ERCP) after initially failed precut sphincterotomy to achieve biliary cannulation.METHODS: In this retrospective study, consecutive ERCPs performed between January 2009 and September 2012 were included. Data from our endoscopy and radiology reporting databases were analysed for use of precut sphincterotomy, biliary access rate, repeat ERCP rate and complications. Patients with initially failed precut sphincterotomy were identified.RESULTS: From 1839 consecutive ERCPs, 187(10%) patients underwent a precut sphincterotomy during the initial ERCP in attempts to cannulate a native papilla. The initial precut was successful in 79/187(42%). ERCP was repeated in 89/108(82%) of patients with failed initial precut sphincterotomy after a median interval of 4 d, leading to successful biliary cannulation in 69/89(78%). In 5 patients a third ERCP was attempted(successful in 4 cases). Overall, repeat ERCP after failed precut at the index ERCP was successful in 73/89 patients(82%). Complications after precut-sphincterotomy were observed in 32/187(17%) patients including pancreatitis(13%), retroperitoneal perforations(1%), biliary sepsis(0.5%) and haemorrhage(3%).CONCLUSION: The high success rate of biliary cannulation in a second attempt ERCP justifies repeating ERCP within 2-7 d after unsuccessful precut sphincterotomy before more invasive approaches should be considered. | Michael Pavlides Ashley Barnabas Nilesh Fernandopulle Adam A Bailey Jane Collier Jane Phillips-Hughes Anthony Ellis Roger Chapman Barbara Braden | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 3 |
| 11 | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Philippines:Comparable with other nations?显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the prevalence and determined the common characteristics of patients diagnosed with non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) at the Philippine General Hospital, Manila, from January 1999 to December 2004. METHODS: NAFLD was diagnosed in 134 from a total of 1102 patients, based on clinical, ultrasonographic and/or histopathological findings. Patients with conditions associated with secondary NAFLD were excluded. Chart review was done to note demographics, co- morbid illnesses, physical characteristics, hepatomegaly, aspartate/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) levels, albumin, lipid levels, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time. Data obtained were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS version 10. RESULTS: Of the 134 patients included, 71% were female and 29% male. Mean patient age was 42.2 years. Sixty percent of patients were obese, 56% had hepatomegaly, and 69% had diabetes. AST levels were elevated in 45% of subjects and ALT levels in 64%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of NAFLD at our institution was 12.2%. Patients diagnosed appear to be younger in age in contrast to previous studies. Female sex, obesity, elevated liver enzymes, and diabetes were characteristic features of our NAFLD patients, which is comparable to previous studies from other countries. | Mark Anthony A De Lusong E Labio L Daez V Gloria | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，6： | 3 |
| 12 | In vitro properties of surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing an antimalarial drug:halofantrine显示文摘Objective:To formulate and evaluate in vitro,surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing hal of antrine using lipid matrix formed from goat fat and a phospholipid(P90H). Methods:The model drug,hal of antrine in an increasing concentration of 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5%w/w was incorporated into surface-modified solid lipid microspheres formulated by hot homogenization.Effect of drug concentration on the encapsulation efficiency was studied. The dispersion was evaluated using particle size,particle morphology,pH and encapsulation efficiency.The drug formulation with highest encapsulation efficiency was selected and used for the release studies and compared with the release from a commercial dosage form(Halfan~? 250 mg tablet,Claxo-Smithkline,Mayenne France) using simulated gastric fluid(SGF pH 1.2), simulated intestinal fluid(SIF pH 7.2) and phosphate buffer(pH 6.8) as biorelevant media. Results were analyzed statistically and the level of significance was taken to be P<0.05). Results:Discrete and spherical solid lipid microspheres were produced.The particle size of the dispersion was low(32.48-33.87μm) with minimal particle growth and high encapsulation efficiencies(86.8%-91.0%) after 3 months.The pH of the microspheres dispersion changed appreciably after 3 months.In vitro release result obtained revealed sustained and controlled drug release from the lipid microspheres compared with the tablet dosage form.Conclosions: Formulation of hal of antrine as solid lipid microspheres presents a better alternative to the conventional tablet formulation as the in vitro dissolution of the highly lipophilic hal of antrine was highly improved. | Anthony A Attama Collins N Igbonekwu | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，4： | 3 |
| 13 | Fondaparinux预防老年急性内科患者发生静脉血栓形成的效果与安全性:随机安慰剂对照研究显示文摘目的:观察 Fondaparinux 对具有中高度静脉血栓发生危险的老年急性内科住院患者的抗凝效果与安全性。设计:双盲随机安慰剂对照研究。背景:8个国家的35个中心。参与者:849例≥60岁内科患者,住院原因分别为充血性心力衰竭、慢性肺病合并急性呼吸系统疾患、急性炎症性或感染性疾病,预期至少住院4天以上。干预:2.5 mg Fondaparinux 或安慰剂,每天1次皮下注射,持续6~14天。观察指标:主要指标为静脉血栓形成(治疗后15天内采用双侧静脉造影检查)及有症状的静脉血栓;次要指标为死亡与出血。患者随访时间为1个月。结果:Fondaparinux 治疗组425例患者和安慰剂组414例患者接受了安全性分析(10例未治疗)。644例患者(75.9%)可接受主要指标分析。静脉血栓检出率在 Fondaparinux 治疗组为5.6%(18/321),安慰剂组为10.5%(34/323),相对危险减少46.7%(95% CI 7.7%~69.3%)。安慰剂组5例患者发生有症状的静脉血栓,Fondaparinux治疗组无患者发生有症状的静脉血栓(P=0.029)。两组均有1例(0.2%)患者发生严重出血。随访结束时,安慰剂组、Fondaparinux 治疗组分别死亡25(6.0%)、14(3.3%)例患者。结论:Fondaparinux 可有效预防急性内科老年患者无症状性及有症状的静脉血栓。严重出血几率两组相似。 | Alexander T Cohen Bruce L Davidson Alexander S Gallus Michael R Lassen Martin H Prins Witold Tomkowski Alexander G G Turpie Jan F M Egberts Anthonie W A Lensing 石汉平(译) 王深明(校) | 2006 | 英国医学杂志中文版2006，9，5： | 3 |
| 14 | Appropriateness of systemic treatments in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors显示文摘AIM:To evaluate systemic treatment choices in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs)and provide consensus treatment recommendations.METHODS:Systemic treatment options for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have expanded in recent years to include somatostatin analogs,angiogenesis inhibitors,inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycinand cytotoxic agents.At this time,there is little data to guide treatment selection and sequence.We therefore assembled a panel of expert physicians to evaluate systemic treatment choices and provide consensus treatment recommendations.Treatment appropriateness ratings were collected using the RAND/UCLA modified Delphi process.After studying the literature,a multidisciplinary panel of 10 physicians assessed the appropriateness of various medical treatment scenarios on a 1-9 scale.Ratings were done both before and after an extended discussion of the evidence.Quantitative measurements of agreement were made and consensus statements developed from the second round ratings.RESULTS:Specialties represented were medical and surgical oncology,interventional radiology,and gastroenterology.Panelists had practiced for a mean of15.5 years(range:6-33).Among 202 rated scenarios,disagreement decreased from 13.2%(26 scenarios)before the face-to-face discussion of evidence to 1%(2)after.In the final ratings,46.5%(94 scenarios)were rated inappropriate,21.8%(44)were uncertain,and30.7%(62)were appropriate.Consensus statements from the scenarios included:(1)it is appropriate to use somatostatin analogs as first line therapy in patients with hormonally functional tumors and may be appropriate in patients who are asymptomatic;(2)it is appropriate to use everolimus,sunitinib,or cytotoxic chemotherapy therapy as first line therapy in patients with symptomatic or progressive tumors;and(3)beyond first line,these same agents can be used.In patients with uncontrolled secretory symptoms,octreotide LAR doses can be titrated up to 60 mg every4 wk or up to 40 mg every 3 or 4 wk.CONCLUSION:Using the Delphi process allowed physician experts to systematically obtain a consensus on the appropriateness of a variety of medical therapies in patients with PNETs. | Jonathan R Strosberg George A Fisher Al B Benson Lowell B Anthony Bulent Arslan John F Gibbs Edward Greeno Renuka V Iyer Michelle K Kim William J Maples Philip A Philip Edward M Wolin Dasha Cherepanov Michael S Broder | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，8： | 2 |
| 15 | The impact of patient age and aortic size on the results of aortobifemoral bypass grafting 1 1 Competition of interest: none. Published online Mar 6, 2003显示文摘 | Amy B Reed Michael S Conte Magruder C Donaldson John A Mannick Anthony D Whittemore Michael Belkin | 2003 | Journal of Vascular Surgery2003，，： | 2 |
| 16 | Acquired mutation of the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in human myeloproliferative disorders显示文摘 | E Joanna Baxter Linda M Scott Peter J Campbell Clare East Nasios Fourouclas Soheila Swanton George S Vassiliou Anthony J Bench Elaine M Boyd Natasha Curtin Mike A Scott Wendy N Erber Anthony R Green | 2005 | The Lancet . 2005 (9464)2005，，： | 2 |
| 17 | 2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘 | Jacqueline E Tate Anthony H Burton Cynthia Boschi-Pinto A Duncan Steele Jazmin Duque Umesh D Parashar | 2012 | The Lancet Infectious Diseases2012，，2： | 2 |
| 18 | Thyroid hormone stimulates hepatic lipid catabolism via activation of autophagy显示文摘 | Sinha Rohit Anthony You Seo-Hee Zhou Jin Siddique Mobin M Bay Boon-Huat Zhu Xuguang Privalsky Martin L Cheng Sheue-Yann Stevens Robert D Summers Scott A Newgard Christopher B Lazar Mitchell A Yen Paul M | 2012 | EN2012，，7： | 2 |
| 19 | Acute myeloid leukemia 显示文摘 | Francis J Keating A Anthony H | 2002 | Hematology2002，，： | 2 |
| 20 | Overexpression of the proto-oncogene/translation factor 4E in breast-carcinoma cell lines显示文摘 | Anthony B Carter P De Benedetti A | 1996 | Int J Cancer1996，65，： | 2 |
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