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| 1 | 颈动脉粥样硬化疾病的处理美国血管外科学会临床实践指南显示文摘美国血管外科学会(SVS)任命了一个专家委员会制定颈动脉狭窄处理的循证临床指南。在制定临床实践推荐意见过程中,该委员会使用系统评价对当前最件的证据进行了总结,采用GRADE标准对推荐意见的强度(强烈推荐为GRADEI级,一般推荐为GRADEⅡ级)和证据的质量(高、中、低和极低)进行了分级。对于轻度颈动脉狭窄患者(有症状患者狭窄程度〈50%和无症状患者狭窄程度〈60%),推荐进行最佳的内科治疗而非血管重建术(I级推荐,高质量证据)。对于有症状中到重度狭窄患者(狭窄程度≥50%),推荐行颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)+最佳的内科治疗(I级推荐,高质量证据)。对于围手术期风险高的有症状巾到重度狭窄患者(狭窄程度≥50%),建议采用颈动脉支架置入术作为其替代治疗手段(Ⅱ级推荐,低质量证据)。对于中到重度狭窄的无症状患者(狭窄程度≥60%),只要围手术期风险较低,就推荐行CEA+内科治疗(I级推荐,高质量证据)。对于中到重度狭窄的尢症状患者(狭窄稗度≥60%),不推荐行颈动脉支架置入术(I级推荐,低质量证据)。颈动脉狭窄≥80%但存在CEA高危解剖学风险的患者可能是一个例外。 | Robert W. Hobson, Ⅱ William C. Mackey Enrico Ascher M. Hassan Murad Keith D. Calligaro Anthony J. Comerota Victor M. Montori Mark K. Eskandari Douglas W. Massop Ruth L. Bush Brajesh K. Lal Bruce A. Perler 刘德志(译) 徐格林(译) 刘新峰(译) | 2008 | 国际脑血管病杂志2008，16，12： | 35 |
| 2 | Methylated and thiolated arsenic species for environmental and health research——A review on synthesis and characterization显示文摘Hundreds of millions of people around the world are exposed to elevated concentrations of inorganic and organic arsenic compounds, increasing the risk of a wide range of health effects. Studies of the environmental fate and human health effects of arsenic require authentic arsenic compounds. We summarize here the synthesis and characterization of more than a dozen methylated and thiolated arsenic compounds that are not commercially available. We discuss the methods of synthesis for the following14 trivalent(Ⅲ) and pentavalent() arsenic compounds: monomethylarsonous acid(MMA~Ⅲ), dicysteinylmethyldithioarsenite(MMA~Ⅲ(Cys)_2), monomethylarsonic acid(MMA~Ⅴ),monomethylmonothioarsonic acid(MMMTAⅤ) or monothio-MMA~Ⅴ, monomethyldithioarsonic acid(MMDTA~Ⅴ) or dithio-MMA~Ⅴ, monomethyltrithioarsonate(MMTTA~Ⅴ) or trithio-MMA~Ⅴ,dimethylarsinous acid(DMA~Ⅲ), dimethylarsino-glutathione(DMA~Ⅲ(SG)), dimethylarsinic acid(DMA~Ⅴ), dimethylmonothioarsinic acid(DMMTA~Ⅴ) or monothio-DMAⅤ, dimethyldithioarsinic acid(DMDTA~Ⅴ) or dithio-DMA~Ⅴ, trimethylarsine oxide(TMAO~Ⅴ), arsenobetaine(AsB), and an arsenicin-A model compound. We have reviewed and compared the available methods,synthesized the arsenic compounds in our laboratories, and provided characterization information. On the basis of reaction yield, ease of synthesis and purification of product, safety considerations, and our experience, we recommend a method for the synthesis of each of these arsenic compounds. | William R.Cullen Qingqing Liu Xiufen Lu Anthony McKnight-Whitford Hanyong Peng Aleksandra Popowich Xiaowen Yan Qi Zhang Michael Fricke Hongsui Sun X.Chris Le | 2016 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2016，28，11： | 12 |
| 3 | 两种单氟磷酸钠牙膏预防乳牙龋病的2年临床研究显示文摘目的 :比较含氟浓度为 78.95 mmol/L (15 0 0 ppm)、磨料分别为碳酸钙及二氧化硅的二种单氟磷酸钠牙膏对儿童乳牙的临床防龋效果。方法 :采用随机双盲对照法 ,对四川省成都市 12 0 0名 4岁儿童进行了为期 2年的追踪研究。受试儿童被分为 3组 ,第 l组为含氟浓度 78.95 mmol/L、磨料为二氧化硅的单氟磷酸钠牙膏(MFP/Si O2 ) ,第 2组为含氟浓度 78.95 mmol/L、磨料为碳酸钙的单氟磷酸钠牙膏 (MFP/Ca CO3) ,第 3组为对照组 ,使用不含氟的碳酸钙牙膏。分析指标为乳牙龋面均 (dfs)增长数。结果 :998名儿童完成 2年的临床观察 ,1基线检查 3组的龋面均无显著性差异 ;2 l年后的龋面均增长数 :MFP/Si O2 组为 1.6 9± 3.12 ,MFP/Ca CO3组为1.5 3± 3.0 9,与对照组 2 .19± 4.12比较分别下降 30 .1%和 2 2 .8% ;3 2年后 MFP/Si O2 组和 MFP/Ca CO3组的龋面均增长数为 2 .98± 4.42及 2 .75± 4.33,与对照组 4.73± 5 .17比较分别下降 37%和 41.9% ,差异有显著性 ,两试验组之间统计学的差异无显著性。结论 :使用含 78.95 mmol/L氟浓度 ,磨料为二氧化硅或碳酸钙的单氟磷酸钠牙膏均有明显防龋效果 ,只要严格控制含氟牙膏的用量和加强管理 ,对发病率高的幼儿乳牙 ,不失为一种值得推广的安全而有效的防龋措施。 | 范旭 万呼春 胡德渝 Yun PoZhang Bernal Stewart James McCool Margaret Petrone William De Vizio Anthony Volpe | 2001 | 实用口腔医学杂志2001，17，6： | 8 |
| 4 | 国际专家组关于超声内镜引导下胰腺囊性肿瘤消融的立场声明显示文摘背景和目的最近,一些有关胰腺囊性肿瘤(pancreatic cystic neoplasms,PCNs)治疗的指南建议已经发表,但是超声内镜(endoscopic ultrasound,EUS)引导下PCNs消融的作用在这些指南中尚未明确。本文的目的是通过提出一系列临床问题并根据可获得的最佳科学证据提供答案来探讨围绕EUS引导下PCNs消融的问题。方法我们从亚洲EUS学组和一个国际专家组中招募了一个EUS引导下PCNs消融专家小组。创建了一个临床问题列表,并将每个问题分配给一个成员以产生一个陈述。然后在2016年10月至2017年10月的三次互联网会议上讨论了这些陈述。之后相互协商对这些陈述进行修改,直到取得协商一致意见。之后,将完整的陈述总结集体发送给所有小组成员,以对陈述的强度进行投票,对陈述进行分类,对证据进行分级。结果制定了关于EUS引导下PCNs的23个陈述。这些陈述涉及操作步骤、操作技术、操作前和操作后管理,并发症的管理以及手术中所需能力和培训。结论在所有内镜学会中,本共识是关于EUS引导下PCNs消融的首篇共识。有兴趣进行这项技术的临床医生应参考这些共识,未来的研究应设法解决本共识中提出的重要问题。 | Anthony Yuen-Bun Teoh DongWan Seo William Brugge John Dewitt Pradermchai Kongkam 令狐恩强(文/译) Matthew T.Moyer JiKon Ryu Khek Yu Ho 杜晨(翻译) 李惠凯(翻译) | 2019 | 中华胃肠内镜电子杂志2019，6，4： | 8 |
| 5 | 颈动脉粥样硬化疾病的处理 美国血管外科学会临床实践指南显示文摘美国血管外科学会(SVS)任命了一个专家委员会制定颈动脉狭窄处理的循证临床指南。在制定临床实践推荐意见过程中,该委员会使用系统评价对当前最佳的证据进行了总结,采用GRADE标准对推荐意见的强度(强烈推荐为GRADEⅠ级,一般推荐为GRADEⅡ级)和证据的质量(高、中、低和极低)进行了分级。对于轻度颈动脉狭窄患者(有症状患者狭窄程度<50%和无症状患者狭窄程度<60%),推荐进行最佳的内科治疗而非血管重建术(Ⅰ级推荐,高质量证据)。对于有症状中到重度狭窄患者(狭窄程度≥50%),推荐行颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)+最佳的内科治疗(Ⅰ级推荐,高质量证据)。对于围手术期风险高的有症状中到重度狭窄患者(狭窄程度≥50%),建议采用颈动脉支架置入术作为其替代治疗手段(Ⅱ级推荐,低质量证据)。对于中到重度狭窄的无症状患者(狭窄程度≥60%),只要围手术期风险较低,就推荐行CEA+内科治疗(Ⅰ级推荐,高质量证据)。对于中到重度狭窄的无症状患者(狭窄程度≥60%),不推荐行颈动脉支架置入术(Ⅰ级推荐,低质量证据)。颈动脉狭窄≥80%但存在CEA高危解剖学风险的患者可能是一个例外。 | Robert W.Hobson Ⅱ William C.Mackey Enrico Ascher M.Hassan Murad Keith D.Calligaro Anthony J.Comerota Victor M.Montori Mark K.Eskandari Douglas W.Massop Ruth L.Bush Brajesh K.Lal Bruce A.Perler 刘德志 徐格林 刘新峰 | 2008 | 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版)2008，2，6： | 6 |
| 6 | A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom显示文摘The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T.H.Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories,USA.Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different wavelengths.In the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications.This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years. | Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor Laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir Peter L.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi Nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark Colin Webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone | 2021 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2021，9，2： | 5 |
| 7 | Robotic Surgery: A Current Perspective显示文摘 | Anthony R. Lanfranco Andres E. Castellanos Jaydev P. Desai William C. Meyers | 2004 | Annals of Surgery2004，，1： | 4 |
| 8 | Ground-Based LiDAR Improves Phenotypic Repeatability of Above-Ground Biomass and Crop Growth Rate in Wheat显示文摘Highly repeatable,nondestructive,and high-throughput measures of above-ground biomass(AGB)and crop growth rate(CGR)are important for wheat improvement programs.This study evaluates the repeatability of destructive AGB and CGR measurements in comparison to two previously described methods for the estimation of AGB from LiDAR:3D voxel index(3DVI)and 3D profile index(3DPI).Across three field experiments,contrasting in available water supply and comprising up to 98 wheat genotypes varying for canopy architecture,several concurrent measurements of LiDAR and AGB were made from jointing to anthesis.Phenotypic correlations at discrete events between AGB and the LiDAR-derived biomass indices were significant,ranging from 0.31(P<0:05)to 0.86(P<0:0001),providing confidence in the LiDAR indices as effective surrogates for AGB.The repeatability of the LiDAR biomass indices at discrete events was at least similar to and often higher than AGB,particularly under water limitation.The correlations between calculated CGR for AGB and the LiDAR indices were moderate to high and varied between experiments.However,across all experiments,the repeatabilities of the CGR derived from the LiDAR indices were appreciably greater than those for AGB,except for the 3DPI in the water-limited environment.In our experiments,the repeatability of either LiDAR index was consistently higher than that of AGB,both at discrete time points and when CGR was calculated.These findings provide promising support for the reliable use of ground-based LiDAR,as a surrogate measure of AGB and CGR,for screening germplasm in research and wheat breeding. | David M.Deery Greg J.Rebetzke Jose A.Jimenez-Berni Anthony G.Condon David J.Smith Kathryn M.Bechaz William D.Bovill | 2020 | Plant Phenomics2020，2，1： | 4 |
| 9 | Extramural vascular invasion and response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer: influence of the CpG island methylator phenotype显示文摘AIM To identify whether Cp G island methylator phenotype(CIMP) is predictive of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NACRT) and outcomes in rectal cancer.METHODS Patients undergoing NACRT and surgical resection for rectal cancer in a tertiary referral centre between 2002-2011 were identified. Pre-treatment tumour biopsies were analysed for CIMP status(high, intermediate or low) using methylation specific PCR. KRAS and BRAF status were also determined using pyrosequencing analysis. Clinical information was extracted from case records and cancer services databases. Response to radiotherapy was measured by tumour regression scores determined uponhistological examination of the resected specimen. The relationship between these molecular features, response to NACRT and oncological outcomes were analysed.RESULTS There were 160 patients analysed with a median followup time of 46.4 mo. Twenty-one(13%) patients demonstrated high levels of CIMP methylation(CIMP-H) and this was significantly associated with increased risk of extramural vascular invasion(EMVI) compared with CIMP-L [8/21(38%) vs 15/99(15%), P = 0.028]. CIMP status was not related to tumour regression after radiotherapy or survival, however EMVI was significantly associated with adverse survival(P < 0.001). Intermediate CIMP status was significantly associated with KRAS mutation(P = 0.01). There were 14(9%) patients with a pathological complete response(pC R) compared to 116(73%) patients having no or minimal regression after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Those patients with pC R had median survival of 106 mo compared to 65.8 mo with minimal regression, although this was not statistically significant(P = 0.26). Binary logistic regression analysis of the relationship between EMVI and other prognostic features revealed, EMVI positivity was associated with poor overall survival, advanced 'T' stage and CIMP-H but not nodal status, age, sex, KRAS mutation status and presence of local or systemic recurrence.CONCLUSION We report a novel association of pre-treatment characterisation of CIMP-H with EMVI status which has prognostic implications and is not readily detectable on pre-treatment histological examination. | Jeremy Stuart Williamson Huw Geraint Jones Namor Williams Anthony Paul Griffiths Gareth Jenkins John Beynon Dean Anthony Harris | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2017，9，5： | 4 |
| 10 | Accuracy of colon tumor localization:Computed tomography scanning as a complement to colonoscopy显示文摘AIM:To determine the utility of computed tomography(CT) scanning in localizing colon tumors.METHODS:At a single tertiary care teaching hospital,a retrospective chart review was conducted on patients who underwent surgery for colon malignancies between January 2004 and May 2006.One hundred and four charts containing all of the following data were reviewed:preop erative colonoscopy report,preoperative CT report,surgical operative report,tumor pathology report.The colon was divided into five segments from the cecum to the sigmoid and the location of the lesions was categorized into one of these areas.The tumor location was considered 'erroneous' if its location determined during surgery differed from the location determined by colonoscopy or CT.RESULTS:Over all,tumor location was accurately determined via colonoscopy in 83/104 cases(79.8%) and erroneously in 21/104(20.2%) of cases.CT scan accurately localized colon tumors in 52/104(50.0%) of cases,incorrectly localized tumors in 18/104(17.3%) of cases,and did not detect known tumors in 34/104(32.7%) of cases.Of the 21 tumors erroneously located by colonoscopy,11(52.4%) were accurately localized by CT scan.The average tumor size for all patients in this study was 5.72(+/-3.11) cm.The average size of tumors properly located by colonoscopy and CT was 5.39(+/-3.34) cm and 6.79(+/-3.48) cm,respectively.The average size of the tumors not detected by CT was 3.98(+/-1.75) cm.CONCLUSION:CT scanning may be used in concert with colonoscopy to help localize colon tumors. | Jessica Lee Anthony Voytovich William Pennoyer Kristy Thurston Robert A Kozol | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2010，2，1： | 3 |
| 11 | Appropriateness of systemic treatments in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors显示文摘AIM:To evaluate systemic treatment choices in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs)and provide consensus treatment recommendations.METHODS:Systemic treatment options for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have expanded in recent years to include somatostatin analogs,angiogenesis inhibitors,inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycinand cytotoxic agents.At this time,there is little data to guide treatment selection and sequence.We therefore assembled a panel of expert physicians to evaluate systemic treatment choices and provide consensus treatment recommendations.Treatment appropriateness ratings were collected using the RAND/UCLA modified Delphi process.After studying the literature,a multidisciplinary panel of 10 physicians assessed the appropriateness of various medical treatment scenarios on a 1-9 scale.Ratings were done both before and after an extended discussion of the evidence.Quantitative measurements of agreement were made and consensus statements developed from the second round ratings.RESULTS:Specialties represented were medical and surgical oncology,interventional radiology,and gastroenterology.Panelists had practiced for a mean of15.5 years(range:6-33).Among 202 rated scenarios,disagreement decreased from 13.2%(26 scenarios)before the face-to-face discussion of evidence to 1%(2)after.In the final ratings,46.5%(94 scenarios)were rated inappropriate,21.8%(44)were uncertain,and30.7%(62)were appropriate.Consensus statements from the scenarios included:(1)it is appropriate to use somatostatin analogs as first line therapy in patients with hormonally functional tumors and may be appropriate in patients who are asymptomatic;(2)it is appropriate to use everolimus,sunitinib,or cytotoxic chemotherapy therapy as first line therapy in patients with symptomatic or progressive tumors;and(3)beyond first line,these same agents can be used.In patients with uncontrolled secretory symptoms,octreotide LAR doses can be titrated up to 60 mg every4 wk or up to 40 mg every 3 or 4 wk.CONCLUSION:Using the Delphi process allowed physician experts to systematically obtain a consensus on the appropriateness of a variety of medical therapies in patients with PNETs. | Jonathan R Strosberg George A Fisher Al B Benson Lowell B Anthony Bulent Arslan John F Gibbs Edward Greeno Renuka V Iyer Michelle K Kim William J Maples Philip A Philip Edward M Wolin Dasha Cherepanov Michael S Broder | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，8： | 2 |
| 12 | The effect of endoscopic sphincterotomy on acute and chronic complications of biliary endoprostheses显示文摘 | Craig Margulies Eduardo Sampaio Siqueira William Bruce Silverman Xue Sen Lin John Anthony Martin Mordechai Rabinovitz Adam Slivka | 1999 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy1999，，6： | 2 |
| 13 | Effects of soy isoflavones on atherosclerosis:potential mechanisms显示文摘 | Anthony MS Clarkson TB Williams JK | 1998 | Am J Clin Nutr1998，68，6： | 2 |
| 14 | WEANING OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS显示文摘 | George V. Mazariegos Jorge Reyes Ignazio R. Marino Anthony J. Demetris Bridget Flynn William Irish John McMichael John J. Fung Thomas E. Starzl | 1997 | Transplantation1997，，2： | 2 |
| 15 | Inhibition of Rho-kinase by fasudil attenuated angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in apolipoprotein E deficient mice显示文摘 | Yi-Xin Wang Valdeci da Cunha Baby Martin-McNulty Jon Vincelette Weiwei Li David F. Choy Meredith Halks-Miller Mithra Mahmoudi Miriam Schroeder Anthony Johns David R. Light William P. Dole | 2005 | European Journal of Pharmacology2005，，2： | 2 |
| 16 | Improved potency of F10 relative to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer cells with p53 mutations显示文摘Aim:Resistance to fluoropyrimidine drugs(FPs)is a major cause of mortality in colorectal cancer(CRC).We assessed the potency advantage of the polymeric FP F10 relative to 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)in four human CRC cell lines that differ only in TP53 mutational status to determine how p53 mutations affect drug response and whether F10 is likely to improve outcomes.Methods:HCT-116 human CRC cells(p53^(+/+))and three isogenic variants(p53^(-/-),R248W/+,R248W/-)were assessed for drug response.Resistance factors were derived from cell viability data and used to establish the relative potency advantage for F10.Rescue studies with exogenous uridine/thymidine determined if cytotoxicity resulted from DNA-directed processes.Results:Significant resistance to 5-FU resulted from p53-loss or from gain-of-function(GOF)mutation(R248W)and was greatest when GOF mutation was coupled with loss of wild-type p53.F10 is much more potent than 5-FU(137-314-fold depending on TP53 mutational status).F10 and 5-FU induce apoptosis by DNA-and RNA-directed mechanisms,respectively,and only F10 shows a modest enhancement in cytotoxicity upon co-treatment with leucovorin.Conclusion:TP53 mutational status affects inherent sensitivity to FPs,with p53 GOF mutations most deleterious.F10 is much more effective than 5-FU regardless of TP53 mutations and has potential to be effective to CRC that is resistant to 5-FU due,in part,to TP53 mutations. | Anthony Dominijanni William H.Gmeiner | 2018 | Cancer Drug Resistance2018，1，1： | 2 |
| 17 | Consensus Statements on the Risk, Prevention, and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Canadian Association of Gastroenterology显示文摘 | Geoffrey C. Nguyen Charles N. Bernstein Alain Bitton Anthony K. Chan Anne M. Griffiths Grigorios I. Leontiadis William Geerts Brian Bressler J. Decker Butzner Marc Carrier Nilesh Chande John K. Marshall Chadwick Williams Clive Kearon | 2014 | Gastroenterology2014，，3： | 2 |
| 18 | Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: a multicentre safety and proof-of-principle cohort study显示文摘 | Henry Krum Markus Schlaich Rob Whitbourn Paul A Sobotka Jerzy Sadowski Krzysztof Bartus Boguslaw Kapelak Anthony Walton Horst Sievert Suku Thambar William T Abraham Murray Esler | 2009 | The Lancet2009，，9671： | 2 |
| 19 | Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: a multicentre safety and proof-of-principle cohort study显示文摘 | Henry Krum Markus Schlaich Rob Whitbourn Paul A Sobotka Jerzy Sadowski Krzysztof Bartus Boguslaw Kapelak Anthony Walton Horst Sievert Suku Thambar William T Abraham Murray Esler | 2009 | The Lancet . 2009 (9671)2009，，9671： | 2 |
| 20 | Petroleum geoscience in Norden - exploration, production and organization显示文摘 | Anthony M. Spencer Per Ivar Briskeby Lone Dyrmose Christensen Rune Foyn Marie KjФlleberg Erling Kvadsheim Ian Knight Morten Rye-Larsen John Williams | 2008 | Episodes2008，31，1： | 2 |
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