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| 1 | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: What the clinician needs to know显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the most frequent cause of liver disease in the Western world. Furthermore, it is increasing worldwide, paralleling the obesity pandemic. Though highly frequent, only about one fifth of affected subjects are at risk of developing the progressive form of the disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with fibrosis. Even in the latter, liver disease is slowly progressive, though, since it is so prevalent, it is already the third cause of liver transplantation in the United States, and it is predicted to get to the top of the ranking in few years. Of relevance, fatty liver is also associated with increased overall mortality and particularly increased cardiovascular mortality. The literature and amount of published papers on NAFLD is increasing as fast as its prevalence, which makes it difficult to keep updated in this topic. This review aims to summarize the latest knowledge on NAFLD, in order to help clinicians understanding its pathogenesis and advances on diagnosis and treatment. | Mariana Verdelho Machado Helena Cortez-Pinto | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 45 |
| 2 | Update on hepatitis B and C virus diagnosis显示文摘Viral hepatitis B and C virus(HBV and HCV) are responsible for the most of chronic liver disease worldwide and are transmitted by parenteral route, sexual and vertical transmission. One important measure to reduce the burden of these infections is the diagnosis of acute and chronic cases of HBV and HCV. In order to provide an effective diagnosis and monitoring of antiviral treatment, it is important to choose sensitive, rapid, inexpensive, and robust analytical methods. Primary diagnosis of HBV and HCV infection is made by using serological tests for detecting antigens and antibodies against these viruses. In order to confirm primary diagnosis, to quantify viral load, to determine genotypes and resistance mutants for antiviral treatment, qualitative and quantitative molecular tests are used. In this manuscript, we review the current serological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of hepatitis B and C. | Livia Melo Villar Helena Medina Cruz Jakeline Ribeiro Barbosa Cristianne Sousa Bezerra Moyra Machado Portilho Letícia de Paula Scalioni | 2015 | World Journal of Virology2015，4，4： | 9 |
| 3 | Iron homeostasis and H63D mutations in alcoholics with and without liver disease显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of HFE gene mutation and indices of disturbed iron homeostasis in alcoholics with and without liver disease.METHODS: One hundred and fifty-three heavy drinkers (defined as alcohol consumption > 80 g/d for at least 5 years) were included in the study. These comprised 78 patients with liver disease [liver disease alcoholics (LDA)] in whom the presence of liver disease was confirmed by liver biopsy or clinical evidence of hepatic decompensation, and 75 subjects with no evidence of liver disease, determined by normal liver tests on two occasions [non-liver disease alcoholics (NLDA)], were consecutively enrolled. Serum markers of iron status and HFE C282Y and H63D mutations were determined. HFE genotyping was compared with data obtained in healthy blood donors from the same geographical area.RESULTS: Gender ratio was similar in both study groups. LDA patients were older than NLDA patients (52 ± 10 years vs 48 ± 11 years, P = 0.03). One third and one fi fth of the study population had serum transferrin saturation (TS) greater than 45% and 60% respectively. Serum iron levels were similar in both groups. However, LDA patients had higher TS (51 ± 27 vs 36 ± 13, P < 0.001) and ferritin levels (559 ± 607 ng/mL vs 159 ± 122 ng/mL, P < 0.001), and lower total iron binding capacity (TIBC) (241 ± 88 μg/dL vs 279 ± 40 μg/dL, P = 0.001). The odds ratio for having liver disease with TS greater than 45% was 2.20 (95% confi dence interval (CI): 1.37-3.54). There was no difference in C282Y allelic frequency between the two groups. However, H63D was more frequent in LDA patients (0.25 vs 0.16, P = 0.03). LDA patients had a greater probability of carrying at least one HFE mutation than NLDA patients (49.5% vs 31.6%, P = 0.02). The odds ratio for LDA in patients with H63D mutation was 1.57 (95% CI: 1.02-2.40).CONCLUSION: The present study confirms the presence of iron overload in alcoholics, which was more severe in the subset of subjects with liver disease, in parallel with an increased frequency of H63D HFE mutation. | Mariana Verdelho Machado Paula Ravasco Alexandra Martins Maria Rosário Almeida Maria Ermelinda Camilo Helena Cortez-Pinto | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，1： | 3 |
| 4 | Non-invasive diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A critical appraisal显示文摘 | Mariana V. Machado Helena Cortez-Pinto | 2013 | Journal of Hepatology2013，，5： | 3 |
| 5 | Psychotropic drugs and liver disease:A critical review of pharmacokinetics and liver toxicity显示文摘The liver is the organ by which the majority of sub-stances are metabolized, including psychotropic drugs. There are several pharmacokinetic changes in end-stage liver disease that can interfere with the metabolization of psychotropic drugs. This fact is particularly true in drugs with extensive first--pass metabolism, highly protein bound drugs and drugs depending on phase I hepatic metabolic reactions. Psychopharmacological agents are also associated with a risk of hepatotoxicity. The evidence is insufficient for definite conclusions regarding the prevalence and severity of psychiatric drug-induced liver injury. High-risk psychotropics are not advised when there is pre-existing liver disease, and after starting a psychotropic agent in a patient with hepatic impairment, frequent liver function/lesion monitoring is advised. The authors carefully review the pharmacokinetic disturbances induced by end-stage liver disease and the potential of psychopharmacological agents for liver toxicity. | Diogo Telles-Correia António Barbosa Helena Cortez-Pinto Carlos Campos Nuno B F Rocha Sérgio Machado | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2017，8，1： | 3 |
| 6 | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance显示文摘 | Mariana Machado Helena Cortez-Pinto | 2005 | European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology2005，，8： | 2 |
| 7 | Genetic ancestry analysis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients from Brazil and Portugal显示文摘AIM:To study the association between genetic ancestry,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) metabolic characteristics in two cohorts of patients,from Brazil and Portugal. METHODS:We included 131 subjects from Brazil [(n = 45 with simple steatosis(S. Steatosis) and n = 86 with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)] and 90 patients from Portugal(n = 66,S. Steatosis; n = 24,NASH). All patients had biopsy-proven NAFLD. In histologic evaluation NAFLD activity score was used to assess histology and more than 5 points defined NASH in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to histology diagnosis:simple steatosis or non-alcoholic statohepatitis. Genetic ancestry was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Seven ancestry informative markers(AT3-I/D,LPL,Sb19.3,APO,FYNull,PV92,and CKMM) with the greatest ethnicgeographical differential frequencies(≥ 48%) were used to define genetic ancestry. Data were analyzed using R PROJECTS software. Ancestry allele frequencies between groups were analyzed by GENEPOP onlineand the estimation of genetic ancestry contribution was evaluated by ADMIX-95 software. The 5% alpha-error was considered as significant(P < 0.05). RESULTS:In the Brazilian sample,NASH was significantly more frequent among the elderly patients with diabetes(NASH 56 ± 1.1 years old vs S. Steatosis 51 ± 1.5 years old,P = 3.7 x 10-9),dyslipidemia(NASH 63% vs S. Steatosis 37%,P = 0.009),higher fasting glucose levels(NASH 124 ± 5.2 vs S. Steatosis 106 ± 5.3,P = 0.001) and Homeostatic Model of Assessment index > 2.5 [NASH 5.3(70.8%) vs S. Steatosis 4.6(29.2%) P = 0.04]. In the Portuguese study population,dyslipidemia was present in all patients with NASH(P = 0.03) and hypertension was present in a larger percentage of subjects in the S. Steatosis group(P = 0.003,respectively). The genetic ancestry contribution among Brazilian and Portuguese individuals with NASH was similar to those with S. Steatosis from each cohort(Brazilian cohort:P = 0.75; Portuguese cohort:P = 0.97). Nonetheless,the genetic ancestry contribution of the Brazilian and Portuguese population were different,and a greater European and Amerindian ancestry contribution was detected in the Portuguese population while a higher African genetic ancestry contribution was observed in Brazilian population of both NASH and S. Steatosis groups.CONCLUSION:There was no difference between the genetic ancestry contribution among Brazilian and Portuguese individuals with NASH and S. Steatosis from each cohort. | Lourianne Nascimento Cavalcante Jose Tadeu Stefano Mariana V Machado Daniel F Mazo Fabiola Rabelo Kiyoko Abe Sandes Flair Jose Carrilho Helena Cortez-Pinto Andre Castro Lyra Claudia P de Oliveira | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，10： | 2 |
| 8 | Simultaneous follow-up of mouse colon lesions by colonoscopy and endoluminal ultrasound biomicroscopy显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the potential use of colonoscopy and endoluminal ultrasonic biomicroscopy(eUBM)to track the progression of mouse colonic lesions.METHODS:Ten mice were treated with a single azoxy-methane intraperitoneal injection(week 1)followed by seven days of a dextran sulfate sodium treatment in their drinking water(week 2)to induce inflammationassociated colon tumors.eUBM was performed simultaneously with colonoscopy at weeks 13,17-20 and21.A 3.6-F diameter 40 MHz mini-probe catheter was used for eUBM imaging.The ultrasound mini-probe catheter was inserted into the accessory channel of a pediatric flexible bronchofiberscope,allowing simultaneous acquisition of colonoscopic and eUBM images.During image acquisition,the mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and kept in a supine position over a stainless steel heated surgical waterbed at 37℃.Both eUBM and colonoscopic images were captured and stored when a lesion was detected by colonoscopy or when the eUBM image revealed a modified colon wall anatomy.During the procedure,the colon was irrigated with water that was injected through a flush port on the mini-probe catheter and that acted as the ultrasound coupling medium between the transducer and the colon wall.Once the acquisition of the last eUBM/colonoscopy section for each animal was completed,the colons were fixed,paraffin-embedded,and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Colon images acquired at the first time-point for each mouse were compared with subsequent eUBM/colonoscopic images of the same sites obtained in the following acquisitions to evaluate lesion progression.RESULTS:All 10 mice had eUBM and colonoscopic images acquired at week 13(the first time-point).Two animals died immediately after the first imaging acquisition and,consequently,only 8 mice were subjected to the second eUBM/colonoscopy imaging acquisition(at the second time-point).Due to the advanced stage of colonic tumorigenesis,5 animals died after the second time-point image acquisition,and thus,only three were subjected to the third eUBM/colonoscopy imaging acquisition(the third time-point).eUBM was able to detect the four layers in healthy segments of colon:the mucosa(the first hyperechoic layer moving away from the mini-probe axis),followed by the muscularis mucosae(hypoechoic),the submucosa(the second hyperechoic layer)and the muscularis externa(the second hypoechoic layer).Hypoechoic regions between the mucosa and the muscularis externa layers represented lymphoid infiltrates,as confirmed by the corresponding histological images.Pedunculated tumors were represented by hyperechoic masses in the mucosa layer.Among the lesions that decreased in size between the first and third time-points,one of the lesions changed from a mucosal hyperplasia with ulceration at the top to a mucosal hyperplasia with lymphoid infiltrate and,finally,to small signs of mucosal hyperplasia and lymphoid infiltrate.In this case,while lesion regression and modification were observable in the eUBM images,colonoscopy was only able to detect the lesion at the first and second time-points,without the capacity to demonstrate the presence of lymphoid infiltrate.Regarding the lesions that increased in size,one of them started as a small elevation in the mucosa layer and progressed to a pedunculated tumor.In this case,while eUBM imaging revealed the lesion at the first time-point,colonoscopy was only able to detect it at the second time-point.All colonic lesions(tumors,lymphoid infiltrate and mucosal thickening)were identified by eUBM,while colonoscopy identified just76%of them.Colonoscopy identified all of the colonic tumors but failed to diagnose lymphoid infiltrates and increased mucosal thickness and failed to differentiate lymphoid infiltrates from small adenomas.During the observation period,most of the lesions(approximately67%)increased in size,approximately 14%remained unchanged,and 19%regressed.CONCLUSION:Combining eUBM with colonoscopy improves the diagnosis and the follow-up of mouse colonic lesions,adding transmural assessment of the bowel wall. | Rossana C Soletti Kelly Z Alves Marcelo AP de Britto Dyanna G de Matos Mnica Soldan Helena L Borges Joo C Machado | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，44： | 1 |
| 9 | Features of In Vitro Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Imaging and Colonoscopy for Detection of Colon Tumor in Mice显示文摘 | Kelly Z. Alves Helena L. Borges Rossana C. Soletti Anália L.P. Viana Lorena I. Petrella M?nica Soldan Vera L. Chagas Alberto Schanaider Jo?o C. Machado | 2011 | Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology2011，，12： | 1 |
| 10 | No need for a large belly to have NASH显示文摘 | Mariana Verdelho Machado Helena Cortez-Pinto | 2011 | Journal of Hepatology2011，，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Ground peach pits: alternative substrate component for seedling production显示文摘The exploitation of agro-industrial wastes is a strategy to add value to seedling production and reduce environmental problems.The production chain for processed peaches generates,approximately,21,000 tons of fruit worldwide,and the pits are used mainly to generate energy.The objective of the study was to investigate the use of different proportions of ground peach pits(GPP)as a substrate component for seedling growth of Eucalyptus dunnii in the nursery and field.Different proportions of GPP mixed with either commercial substrate(CS)or with brown peat(BP)were tested.The physical and chemical properties of the substrates,the morphological and physiological attributes of the seedlings and their correlation with substrate properties were evaluated.The GPP increased the density,aeration space and pH and reduced total porosity,liquid retention and electric conductivity of the substrate.The use of this component resulted in hormesis,a biphasic dose–response model in which low levels of exposure to this component stimulated biological performance of plants and high levels of exposure inhibited performance.For improved seedling growth in the nursery and adequate post-planting development of E.dunnii,GPP with CS is recommended at 20%of the total substrate and with BP between 15 and 30%. | Patricia Mieth Maristela Machado Araujo Maria Helena Fermino Suelen Carpenedo Aimi Daniele Rodrigues Gomes Juliana de Marques Vilella | 2019 | Journal of Forestry Research2019，30，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Mycorrhizal synthesis between Pisolithus arhizus and adult clones of Arbutus unedo in vitro and in nursery显示文摘Arbutoid mycorrhizae were synthesized between adult selected clones of Arbutus unedo L.and Pisolithus arhizus.Two micropropagated clones were tested: AL1, in vitro and C1(acclimatized plants)in nursery and later in a field trial.In vitro, rooted shoots were transferred to test tubes containing the substrate previously inoculated with mycelium cultured on agar.In the nursery, two inoculation treatments were tested(vegetative inocula or dry sporocarps) and compared to control plants.In the field trial, plants from nursery inoculation treatments were compared and an additional control treatment using seedlings was implemented.Plant height was evaluated 4 months later in the nursery and 20 months later in the field trial.Roots were examined by morphological and histological studies: a) in vitro plantlets one month after inoculation and nine months after acclimatization; and b) 20 months after the field trial was established.Arbutoid mycorrhizae were observed in vitro one month after inoculation, indicating compatibility between A.unedo and P.arhizus.These showed the presence of a mantle, Hartig net,and intracellular hyphal complexes confined to the epidermal root cells.Arbutoid mycorrhizae were also observed nine months after acclimatization in inoculated and control plants.In order to confirm the identity of mycorrhizae, molecular techniques were used, in previously inoculated in vitro plants, 12 months after acclimatization.Thelephora and Hebeloma mycorrhizae, two types of highly competitive and widespread mycorrhizae on nurseries were identified.In the nursery, dry sporocarp treatment improved plant height after four months.In a field trial(20months later), plants growth did not show significant differences.By this time, mycorrhized roots with Cenococcum geophilum and other types were identified.These results and their implications on A.unedo breeding program are discussed. | Filomena Gomes Helena Machado Esteban San Martin A.Portugal Jorge M.Canhoto | 2013 | Journal of Forestry Research2013，24，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Can a Strychnos species be used as antiulcer agent? Ulcer healing action from alkaloid fraction of Strychnos pseudoquina St. Hil. (Loganiaceae)显示文摘 | Flávia Bonamin Thiago Mello Moraes Hélio Kushima Marcelo Aparecido Silva Ariane Leite Rozza Cláudia Helena Pellizzon Tais Maria Bauab Lucia Regina Machado Rocha Wagner Vilegas Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima | 2011 | Journal of Ethnopharmacology2011，，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Zinc alginate–hydroxyapatite composite microspheres for bone repair显示文摘 | Renan Costa Cuozzo Maria Helena Miguez da Rocha Le?o Luciano de Andrade Gobbo Daniel Navarro da Rocha Nadia Mohammed Elmassalami Ayad Willian Trindade Andrea Machado Costa Marcelo Henrique Prado da Silva | 2014 | Ceramics International2014，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Antifungal Bioassay‐Guided Fractionation of an Oil Extract of Propolis显示文摘 | Daiane Finger Christiane Schinieder Machado Yohandra Reyes Torres Sueli Percio Quináia Amanda Cristina Godot Thomaz Angélica Rita Gobbo Marta Chagas Monteiro Antonio Gilberto Ferreira Alexandra Christine Helena Frankland Sawaya Marcos Nogueira Eberlin | 2013 | J Food Qual2013，，5： | 1 |
| 16 | A crucial role for IL-6 in the CNS of rats during fever induced by the injection of live E . coli显示文摘 | Denis M. Soares Maria José Figueiredo Juliano Manvailer Martins Renes Resende Machado Carlos Sorgi Lucia Helena Faciolli José C. Alves-Filho Fernando Q. Cunha Glória E. P. Souza | 2012 | Medical Microbiology and Immunology2012，，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Hepatic histology in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery显示文摘 | Mariana Machado Pedro Marques-Vidal Helena Cortez-Pinto | 2006 | Journal of Hepatology2006，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor liver metastasisin a patient with previously diagnosed pancreatic adenocarcinoma: an unexpected diagnosis显示文摘Locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma has an usually poor prognosis despite multimodal approaches and sequential chemotherapy.The authors present a case of a long-term survivor with stage III pancreatic adenocarcinoma achieving partial response after a multimodal approach including local and systemic treatments.However,three years after diagnosis and amidst several episodes of cholangitis,hepatic metastasis were suspected.Despite pancreatic adenocarcinoma being the obvious culprit for metastization,a hepatic biopsy was considered at that time given a stable primary disease and presenting three years since the initial diagnosis.At this point,a biopsy could have specific diagnostic,prognostic and therapeutic implications and after it was performed,an unexpected diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor was made.Therefore,we urge clinicians to consider hepatic biopsy in similar cases-generally when it may change prognosis and treatment strategies-and perform histological confirmation of metastatic disease whenever feasible,even if the answer may seem obvious at first impression. | Mario Fontes-Sousa Helena Magalhaes Bianca Machado Olga Sousa Manuela Machado | 2018 | Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment2018，4，1： | 0 |
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