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| 1 | Hepatitis B virus replication显示文摘Hepadnaviruses,including human hepatitis B virus(HBV),replicate through reverse transcription of an RNAintermediate,the pregenomic RNA(pgRNA).Despite thiskinship to retroviruses,there are fundamental differencesbeyond the fact that hepadnavirions contain DNAinstead of RNA.Most peculiar is the initiation of reversetranscription:it occurs by protein-priming,is strictlycommitted to using an RNA hairpin on the pgRNA,ε,as template,and depends on cellular chaperones;moreover,proper replication can apparently occur onlyin the specialized environment of intact nucleocapsids.This complexity has hampered an in-depth mechanisticunderstanding.The recent successful reconstitution inthe test tube of active replication initiation complexesfrom purified components,for duck HBV(DHBV),now allows for the analysis of the biochemistry ofhepadnaviral replication at the molecular level.Here wereview the current state of knowledge at all steps of thehepadnaviral genome replication cycle,with emphasison new insights that turned up by the use of such cell-free systems.At this time,they can,unfortunately,not be complemented by three-dimensional structurainformation on the involved components.However,atleast for the ε RNA element such information is emerging,raising expectations that combining biophysics withbiochemistry and genetics will soon provide a powerfuintegrated approach for solving the many outstandingquestions.The ultimate,though most challenging goal,will be to visualize the hepadnaviral reverse transcriptasein the act of synthesizing DNA,which will also havestrong implications for drug development. | Juergen Beck Michael Nassal | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，1： | 54 |
| 2 | Randomized Trial Evaluating Ranibizumab Plus Prompt or Deferred Laser or Triamcinolone Plus Prompt Laser for Diabetic Macular Edema显示文摘 | Michael J. Elman Lloyd Paul Aiello Roy W. Beck Neil M. Bressler Susan B. Bressler Allison R. Edwards Frederick L. Ferris Scott M. Friedman Adam R. Glassman Kellee M. Miller Ingrid U. Scott Cynthia R. Stockdale Jennifer K. Sun | 2010 | Ophthalmology2010，，6： | 5 |
| 3 | On water security, sustainability, and the water-food-energy-climate nexus显示文摘在持续开发并且在水,食物,精力和气候相互作用的连结的水安全的角色从灰色和 Sadoff 提供的水安全的定义的起点被检验。关于安全的观点的大部分在要求满足人的需要的资源与缺乏的专横有关。因此,在主流的经济的缺乏的处理接着在我们中的每怎么与目的作为个人调解工具的关系被检验,在持续开发的想法的核心的一个过程。根据 Grey-Sadoff 定义,达到水安全数量到作为更多的将军,的一位先锋完成基本的、单个扇区的水开发自立, multi-sectoral 开发。这与水在平等者之中在被当作第一的方法一致,即给予优惠在考虑什么在在水的连结附近完成安全是关键的,食物,精力和气候。当然,城市是为这些要求多重资源精力流动逐渐地被产生的地点。纸讨论安全的二个重要方面,即,资源和服务的存取的差异(例如卫生) 并且在联合 human-built-natural 系统的行为的跳回。关于城市大楼和基础结构计量连结安全,八个伪运作的原则被开发。 | Michael Bruce BECK Rodrigo VILLARROEL WALKER | 2013 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2013，7，5： | 3 |
| 4 | The treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy显示文摘 | Leonard A Levin Roy W Beck Michael P Joseph Stuart Seiff Raymond Kraker | 1999 | Ophthalmology1999，，7： | 2 |
| 5 | KDOQI US Commentary on the 2012 KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Glomerulonephritis显示文摘 | Laurence Beck Andrew S. Bomback Michael J. Choi Larry B. Holzman Carol Langford Laura H. Mariani Michael J. Somers Howard Trachtman Meryl Waldman | 2013 | American Journal of Kidney Diseases2013，，： | 2 |
| 6 | MAINTENANCE BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR RECURRENT TA, T1 AND CARCINOMA IN SITU TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE BLADDER: A RANDOMIZED SOUTHWEST ONCOLOGY GROUP STUDY显示文摘 | DONALD L. LAMM BRENT A. BLUMENSTEIN JOHN D. CRISSMAN JAMES E. MONTIE JAMES E. GOTTESMAN BRUCE A. LOWE MICHAEL F. SAROSDY ROBERT D. BOHL H. BARTON GROSSMAN THOMAS M. BECK JOSEPH T. LEIMERT E. DAVID CRAWFORD | 2000 | The Journal of Urology2000，，4： | 2 |
| 7 | Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema with Prompt versus Deferred Laser Treatment显示文摘 | Michael J. Elman Haijing Qin Lloyd Paul Aiello Roy W. Beck Neil M. Bressler Frederick L. Ferris Adam R. Glassman Raj K. Maturi Michele Melia | 2012 | Ophthalmology2012，，11： | 2 |
| 8 | Expanded 2-Year Follow-up of Ranibizumab Plus Prompt or Deferred Laser or Triamcinolone Plus Prompt Laser for Diabetic Macular Edema显示文摘 | Michael J. Elman Neil M. Bressler Haijing Qin Roy W. Beck Frederick L. Ferris Scott M. Friedman Adam R. Glassman Ingrid U. Scott Cynthia R. Stockdale Jennifer K. Sun | 2011 | Ophthalmology2011，，4： | 2 |
| 9 | Long-term Risk of Glaucoma After Congenital Cataract Surgery显示文摘 | Scott R. Lambert Amitabh Purohit Hillary M. Superak Michael J. Lynn Allen D. Beck | 2013 | American Journal of Ophthalmology2013，，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Developmental motoneuron cell death and neurotrophic factors显示文摘 | Michael Sendtner Geng Pei Marcus Beck Ulrich Schweizer Stefan Wiese | 2000 | Cell and Tissue Research2000，，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Virtual network embedding: a survey 显示文摘 | Fischer Andreas Botero Juan Felipe Till Beck Michael | 2013 | IEEE Commu- nications Surveys and Tutorials2013，15，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Flupyradifurone: a brief profile of a new butenolide insecticide显示文摘 | Ralf Nauen Peter Jeschke Robert Velten Michael E Beck Ulrich Ebbinghaus‐Kintscher Wolfgang Thielert Katharina W?lfel Matthias Haas Klaus Kunz Georg Raupach | 2015 | Pest. Manag. Sci2015，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Shoot regeneration from Petunia leaf disc as a function of explant size, configuration and benzyladenine exposure显示文摘 | MICHAEL BECK J CAMPER N D | 1991 | Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture1991，26，： | 1 |
| 14 | The Development of Nonprolifera tion Export Control in Russia 显示文摘 | Michael Beck Gary Bertsch lgor Khripunov | 1994 | World Af fairs1994，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema with Prompt versus Deferred Laser Treatment显示文摘 | Michael J. Elman Haijing Qin Lloyd Paul Aiello Roy W. Beck Neil M. Bressler Frederick L. Ferris Adam R. Glassman Raj K. Maturi Michele Melia | 2012 | Ophthalmology2012，，11： | 1 |
| 16 | Skin disorders in amputees显示文摘 | Calum C. Lyon Jai Kulkarni Erik Zimerson c Ernest Van Ross Michael H. Beck | 2000 | Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology2000，，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Different neural systems adjust motor behavior in response to reward and punishment显示文摘 | Jana Wrase Thorsten Kahnt Florian Schlagenhauf Anne Beck Michael X. Cohen Brian Knutson Andreas Heinz | 2007 | Neuroimage2007，，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Effect of papillary and chromophobe cell type on disease-free survival after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma显示文摘 | Stephen D. W. Beck MD Manish I. Patel MD Mark E. Snyder BA Michael W. Kattan MD Robert J. Motzer MD Victor E. Reuter MD Paul Russo MD | 2004 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2004，，1： | 1 |
| 19 | The Impact of Sovereign Wealth Funds on Global Financial Markets显示文摘 | Roland Beck Michael Fidora | 2008 | lntereconomics2008，，： | 1 |
| 20 | R-spondin1, A Novel Intestinotrophic Mitogen, Ameliorates Experimental Colitis in Mice显示文摘 | Jingsong Zhao Josephine de Vera Seiko Narushima Eric X. Beck Servando Palencia Pauline Shinkawa Kyung–Ah Kim Yi Liu Michael D. Levy Daniel J. Berg Arie Abo Walter D. Funk | 2007 | Gastroenterology2007，，4： | 1 |
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