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| 1 | Selenium Requirements as Discussed in the 1996 Joint FAO/IAEA/WHO Expert Consultation on Trace Elements in Human Nutrition显示文摘In March 1996, WHO officially released an updated trace element nutrition report that presents much new information, especially regarding iodine, zinc, copper and selenium. For most minerals, both basal as well as normative requirements are given. The basal requirement refers to the intake needed to prevent clinically manifest signs of impaired function attributable to deficiency of the nutrient. The normative requirement refers to the intake needed to maintain a level of tissue storage (or index enzyme activity) judged to be desirable and appropriate.In the case of selenium, the population minimum mean intakes likely to meet basal requirements for adult males and females were 21 and 16 μg/day, respectively. These were derived from the amount needed to protect against Keshan disease plus a body weight correction factor. On the other hand, the population minimum mean intakes likely to meet normative requirements for adult males and females were 40 and 30μg/day, respectively. These were calculated from the amount needed to achieve two-thirds of the maximal plasma glutathione peroxidase activity assuming an interindividual variability of normal dietary selenium intake of 16%. Further work is needed to determine the relationship between these nutritional standards and the actual dietary intakes of selenium around the | ORVILLE A. LEVANDER (Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, U. S. Department of Agricult ure, ARS, Beltsville,Maryland 20705-235, USA) | 1997 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences1997，10，2： | 14 |
| 2 | Global Distribution of midnight lightning: September 1977 to August 1978显示文摘 | Richard E Orville Ronald W Henderson | 1986 | Mon Wea Rev1986，114，： | 2 |
| 3 | Cloud to ground lightning in the United States: NLDN result in the first decade, 1989-1998显示文摘 | Orville R E Gray R Huffines | 2001 | Mon Wea Rev2001，129，： | 2 |
| 4 | Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus显示文摘 | Orville G. Kolterman Dennis D. Kim Larry Shen James A. Ruggles Loretta L. Nielsen Mark S. Fineman Alain D. Baron | 2005 | American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy2005，，2： | 2 |
| 5 | Spectrum of the stepped leader显示文摘 | Orville Richard E | 1968 | J Geophys Res1968，73，： | 1 |
| 6 | Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model 显示文摘 | Lin Y L R Farley H D Orville | 1983 | ClimatAPPI Meteor1983，22，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Upward lightning observa- tions from towers in Rapid City, South Dakota and comparison with National Lightning Detection Network data, 2004-2010显示文摘 | Warner T A Cummins K L Orville R E | 2012 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres2012，117，19： | 1 |
| 8 | A parathyroid cyst with mediastinal extension: Report of a case显示文摘 | Neil Hockstein Orville dyce Adam Ross | 2002 | Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery2002，126，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Daylight spectra of individual flashes in the 370 to 690 nm region显示文摘 | Orville R E | 1980 | Journal of Applied Meteorology1980，23，19： | 1 |
| 10 | The adaptability of network organizations : some unexplored questions 显示文摘 | Orville C Jr Walker | 1997 | Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science1997，25，1： | 1 |
| 11 | A transgenic Marc-145 cell line of piggy Bac transposon-derived targeting shRNA interference against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus显示文摘 | Fang Zhou Shuang Liang An-hui Chen Chabungbam Orville Singh Roy Bhaskar Yan-shan Niu Yun-gen Miao | 2012 | Veterinary Research Communications2012，，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Cloud - to -ground lightning characteristics over Houston, Texas :1989 - 2000 显示文摘 | Steiger S M Orville R E Huffines G | 2002 | Journal of Geophysical Research2002，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Correlated observations of three triggered lightning flashes显示文摘 | Idone V P Orville R E Hubert P | 1984 | J Geophys Res1984，89，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Chronic toxicity and retention of dietaryselenium fed to rats as D- or L- selenomethionine, selenite, orselenate显示文摘 | McAdam P A Orville A L | 1987 | Nutrition Research1987，7，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Global light- ning: total, cloud and ground flash estimates显示文摘 | Maekerras D Darveniza M Orville R E | 1998 | Journal of Geophysical Research1998，103，19： | 1 |
| 16 | Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning associated with violent tornadoes 显示文摘 | Petez A H Wicker L J Orville R E | 1997 | Weather and Forcasting1997，12，： | 1 |
| 17 | Selenium Deficiency and Viral Infection 显示文摘 | Melinda A B Orville A L Jean H | 2003 | Nutrition2003，133，： | 1 |
| 18 | Numerical simulation of cloud interactions显示文摘 | Orville H D Kuo Y H Farley R D | 1980 | J Rech Atmos1980，14，： | 1 |
| 19 | Bipole patterns revealedby lightning locations in mesoscale storm systems显示文摘 | ORVILLE R E HENDERSON R W BOSART I F | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Global lightning Flash frequency 显示文摘 | Spencer D W | 1979 | Mon Weather Rev1979，，： | 1 |
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