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| 1 | Methods, units and quality requirements for the analysis of haemoglobin A_(1c) in diabetes mellitus显示文摘The formation of glycohemoglobin, especially the hemoglobin A1c(Hb_(A1c)) fraction, occurs when glucose becomes coupled with the amino acid valine in the β-chain of Hb; this reaction is dependent on the plasma concentration of glucose. Since the early 1970 s it has been known that diabetics display higher values of Hb_(A1c) because they have elevated blood glucose concentrations. Thus Hb_(A1c) has acquired a very important role in the treatment and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. After the introduction of the first quantitative measurement of Hb_(A1c), numerous methods for glycohemoglobin have been introduced with different assay principles: From a simple minicolumn technique to the very accurate automated highpressure chromatography and lastly to many automated immunochemical or enzymatic assays. In early days, the results of the quality control reports for Hb_(A1c) varied extensively between laboratories, therefore in United States and Canada working groups(WG) of the Diabetes Controls and Complications Trial(DCCT) were set up to standardize the Hb_(A1c) assays against the DCCT/National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program reference method based on liquid chromatography. In the 1990 s, the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine(IFCC) appointed a new WG to plan a reference preparation and method for the Hb_(A1c) measurement. When the reference procedureswere established, in 2004 IFCC recommended that all manufacturers for equipment used in Hb_(A1c) assays should calibrate their methods to their proposals. This led to an improvement in the coefficient of variation(CV%) associated with the assay. In this review, we describe the glycation of Hb, methods, standardization of the Hb_(A1c) assays, analytical problems, problems with the units in which Hb_(A1c) values are expressed, reference values, quality control aspects, target requirements for Hb_(A1c), and the relationship of the plasma glucose values to Hb_(A1c) concentrations. We also note that the acceptance of the mmol/mol system for Hb_(A1c) as recommended by IFCC, i.e., the new unit and reference ranges, are becoming only slowly accepted outside of Europe where it seems that expressing Hb_(A1c) values either only in per cent units or with parallel reporting of percent and mmol/mol will continue. We believe that these issues should be resolved in the future and that it would avoid confusion if mmol/mol unit for Hb_(A1c) were to gain worldwide acceptance. | Ilkka Penttil? Karri Penttil? P?ivi Holm Harri Laitinen P?ivi Ranta Jukka T?rr?nen Rainer Rauramaa | 2016 | World Journal of Methodology2016，6，2： | 3 |
| 2 | Muscle-eye-brain disease and Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy are not allelic显示文摘 | Ranta S Pihko H Santavuori P Tahvanainen E de la Chapelle A | 1995 | Neuromuscul Disord1995，5，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Serum levels of amidated gastrin-17 and pepsinogen I in atrophic gastritis:an observational case-control study显示文摘 | Sipponen P Ranta P Helske T | 2002 | Scand J Gastroenterol2002，，7： | 1 |
| 4 | Materal expectations and experiences of labour pain-options of 1091 Finnish partufients显示文摘 | Ranta P Spalding M Kangas S | 1995 | Acta Anaesthesiol Scand1995，39，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Patients'conscious recollections from cardiac anesthesia 显示文摘 | RANTA S O HERRANEN P HYNYNEN M | 2002 | J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth2002，16，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Nitric oxide induces apoptosis in GM-CSF- treated eosinophils via caspase-6-dependent lamin and DNA fragmentation显示文摘 | ILMARINEN-SALO P MOILANEN E KANKAAN- RANTA H | 2010 | Pulm Pharmacol Ther2010，23，： | 1 |
| 7 | Patients consciousre collections from cardiac anesthesia显示文摘 | Ranta SO Herranen P Hynynen M | 2002 | Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth2002，16，： | 1 |
| 8 | Effect of a new marker,ADAM12,on Down risk figures in first trimester screening显示文摘 | Valinen Y Laitinen P Ranta J | 2009 | J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med2009，22，7： | 1 |
| 9 | Serum levels of amidated gastrin-17 and pepsinogen I in atrophic gasrhis: an observational ease-control study 显示文摘 | Sipponen P Ranta P Helske T | 2002 | Scand ] Gastroenterol2002，37，7： | 1 |
| 10 | Electrochemical detection of indole alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus in high- perforuaance liquid chromatography 显示文摘 | Naaranlahti T Ranta VP Jarho P | 1989 | Ana!vst1989，114，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Effect of a new marker, ADAMI2, on Down risk figures in first trimester screening 显示文摘 | Valinen Y Laitinen P Ranta 1 | 2009 | J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med2009，22，7： | 1 |
| 12 | Estimation of nonstationary EEG with Kalman smoother approach: an application to event-related synchronization (ERS)显示文摘 | TARVAINEN M P HILTUNEN J K RANTA AHO P O | 2004 | Biomedical Engineering IEEE Transactions on2004，51，： | 1 |
| 13 | Dietary Phosphate Binding and Loading Alter Kidney Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme mRNA and Protein Content in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats显示文摘 | Er?ranta Arttu Riutta Asko Fan Meng Koskela Jenni Tikkanen Ilkka Lakkisto P?ivi Niemel? Onni Parkkinen Jyrki Mustonen Jukka P?rsti Ilkka | 2012 | American Journal of Nephrology2012，，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Psychometric properties of the 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale and prevalence of alexithymia in a finnish adolescent population 显示文摘 | SAKINEN P KAHIALA-I-IEINO R RANTA K | 2007 | Psychosomatics2007，48，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Input enhancement and I2 question formation 显示文摘 | White L N Spada P M Lightbown & L Ranta | 1991 | Applied Linguistics1991，124，： | 1 |
| 16 | Retinal breaks before and af- ter neodymium: YAG posterior capsulotomy 显示文摘 | Ranta P Tommila P Immonen I | 2000 | J Cataract Refract Surg2000，26，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Retinal breaks before and af- ter neodymium: YAG posterior capsulotomy 显示文摘 | Ranta P Tommila P Immonen I | 2000 | J Cataract Refract Surg2000，26，8： | 1 |
| 18 | Anti-NMDA-receptor autoim- mune encephalitis without neoplasm : a rare condition 显示文摘 | Schmiedeskamp M Cafiga P Ranta A | 2010 | NZMJ2010，123，1322： | 1 |
| 19 | Serum levels of amidated gastrin-17 and pepsinogen I in atrophic gastritis:an observational case-control study 显示文摘 | Sipponen P Ranta P Helske T | 2002 | Scand J Gastroenterol2002，，7： | 1 |
| 20 | Population dynamics consequences of delayed life-history effects 显示文摘 | Beckerman A Benton T G Ranta E Kaitala V Lundberg P | 2002 | TREE2002，17，： | 1 |
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