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| 1 | Primary sclerosing cholangitis as an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer in the context of inflammatory bowel disease: A review of the literature显示文摘To examine and evaluate recent evidence regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of colorectal cancer(CRC) development in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)-primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) patients. Using the PubMed database, a literature search was conducted for relevant articles in English from the past 10 years. Relevant studies investigating PSC as a risk factor for CRC in IBD in the context of incidence and prevalence, pathogenesis, prevention and prognosis were included in this review. Recent evidence increasingly points to PSC as a significant risk factor in the development of CRC in patients with concomitant IBD. PSC may be an important risk factor for CRC in different populations worldwide. The mechanism for this increase in risk is still unclear. The efficacy of UDCA as a chemopreventive agent remains controversial. Liver transplantation does not halt the development of CRC, although there is not enough evidence to suggest that it is associated with increased incidence of CRC. While routine colonoscopic surveillance should be performed in patients with concurrent PSC and IBD, more high-level evidence is required to support the benefits of the procedure. While many new developments have taken place in the last decade, the pathogenesis and optimal management of CRC development in IBD-PSC patients remain unclear. | Rosy Wang Rupert Leong | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，27： | 8 |
| 2 | Incidence and Phenotype of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Based on Results From the Asia-Pacific Crohn’s and Colitis Epidemiology Study显示文摘 | Siew C. Ng Whitney Tang Jessica Y. Ching May Wong Chung Mo Chow A.J. Hui T.C. Wong Vincent K. Leung Steve W. Tsang Hon Ho Yu Mo Fong Li Ka Kei Ng Michael A. Kamm Corrie Studd Sally Bell Rupert Leong H. Janaka de Silva Anuradhani Kasturiratne M.N.F. Mufeen | 2013 | Gastroenterology2013，，1： | 6 |
| 3 | Gastroenterologist perceptions of faecal microbiota transplantation显示文摘AIM: To explore gastroenterologist perceptions towards and experience with faecal microbiota transplantation(FMT).METHODS: A questionnaire survey consisting of 17 questions was created to assess gastroenterologists' attitude towards and experience with FMT. This was anonymously distributed in hard copy format amongst attendees at gastroenterology meetings in Australia between October 2013 and April 2014. Basic descriptive statistical analyses were performed.RESULTS: Fifty-two clinicians participated. Twenty one percent had previously referred patients for FMT,8% more than once. Ninety percent would refer patients with Clostridium difficile infection(CDI) for FMT if easily available,37% for ulcerative colitis,13% for Crohn's disease and 6% for irritable bowel syndrome. Six percent would not refer any indication,including recurrent CDI. Eighty-six percent would enroll patients in FMT clinical trials. Thirty-seven percent considered the optimal mode of FMT administration transcolonoscopic,17% nasoduodenal,13% enema and 8% oral capsule. The greatest concerns regarding FMT were: 42% lack of evidence,12% infection risk,10% non infectious adverse effects/lack of safety data,10% aesthetic,10% lack of efficacy,4% disease exacerbation,and 2% inappropriate use; 6% had no concerns. Seventy seven percent believed there is a lack of accessibility while 52% had an interest in learning how to provide FMT. Only 6% offered FMT at their institution.CONCLUSION: Despite general enthusiasm,most gastroenterologists have limited experience with,or access to,FMT. The greatest concerns were lack of supportive evidence and safety issues. However a significant proportion would refer indications other than CDI for FMT despite insufficient evidence. These data provide guidance on where education and training are required. | Sudarshan Paramsothy Alissa J Walsh Thomas Borody Douglas Samuel Johan van den Bogaerde Rupert WL Leong Susan Connor Watson Ng Hazel M Mitchell Nadeem O Kaakoush Michael A Kamm | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，38： | 5 |
| 4 | Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in South America: A systematic review显示文摘BACKGROUND The worldwide epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is rapidly changing.Increasing Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)incidence and prevalence have been recorded in developing regions such as Asia,Africa and Eastern Europe where it was previously thought to be uncommon.Whether this is also the case in South America is not well known.Demonstration that developing regions worldwide have increasing IBD incidence would indicate that environmental change plays a significant role in the development of IBD.AIM To report the incidence,prevalence and disease characteristics of CD and UC within the South American continent.METHODS A systematic review was conducted by searching published studies in major international and regional databases(MEDLINE,EMBASE and Scopus)between January 1990 and December 2018.Outcomes considered were incidence,prevalence,phenotype,environmental and genetic factors,ethnicity and gender.A pair of independent reviewers screened and reviewed all identified articles.RESULTS One hundred and sixty two citations were initially retrieved with 18 studies included in this systematic review.The majority of included studies were from Brazil(n=13,72%).The incidence of UC ranged from 4.3-5.3/100000 personyears whilst the incidence of CD ranged from 0.74-3.5/100000 person-years.Prevalence ranged from 15.0-24.1/100000 inhabitants for UC and from 2.4-14.1/100000 inhabitants for CD.The incidence and prevalence of both UC and CD has increased significantly in Brazil over the past 21 years.Pancolitis was the most common disease distribution in patients with UC whilst colonic involvement was the most common distribution in CD.People residing in urban areas were at higher risk of developing both CD and UC.CONCLUSION The IBD burden in South America is increasing at a rate possibly even greater than other developing regions around the world.There is a paucity of highquality epidemiological studies and further robust and representative data are required to further explore modifiable risk factors and disease phenotypes. | Sriharan Selvaratnam Santiago Gullino Lisa Shim Eric Lee Alice Lee Sudarshan Paramsothy Rupert W Leong | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，47： | 5 |
| 5 | Epidemiological studies of migration and environmental risk factors in the inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are idiopathic chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract well known to be associated with both genetic and environmental risk factors.Permissive genotypes may manifest into clinical phenotypes under certain environmental influences and these may be best studied from migratory studies.Exploring differences between first and second generation migrants may further highlight the contribution of environmental factors towards the development of IBD.There are few opportunities that have been offered so far.We aim to review the available migration studies on IBD,evaluate the known environmental factors associated with IBD,and explore modern migration patterns to identify new opportunities and candidate migrant groups in IBD migration research. | Yanna Ko Rhys Butcher Rupert W Leong | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，5： | 5 |
| 6 | Current application of proteomics in biomarker discoveryfor inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘Recently, the field of proteomics has rapidly expanded in its application towards clinical research with objectives ranging from elucidating disease pathogenesis to discovering clinical biomarkers. As proteins govern and/or reflect underlying cellular processes, the study of proteomics provides an attractive avenue for research as it allows for the rapid identification of protein profiles in a biological sample. Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) encompasses several heterogeneous and chronic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Proteomic technology provides a powerful means of addressing major challenges in IBD today, especially for identifying biomarkers to improve its diagnosis and management. This review will examine the current state of IBD proteomics research and its use in biomarker research. Furthermore, we also discuss the challenges of translating proteomic research into clinically relevant tools. The potential application of this growing field is enormous and is likely to provide significant insights towards improving our future understanding and management of IBD. | Patrick PY Chan Valerie C Wasinger Rupert W Leong | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2016，7，1： | 5 |
| 7 | Evaluation of the string test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori显示文摘AIM: Helicobacter pylori can be diagnosed by invasive ornon-invasive tests but to obtain bacteria for culture andantibiotic susceptibility testing, an upper GI endoscopy isoften required. The string test may be a minimally-invasivealternative method of obtaining H. pylori samples. This studyevaluates the sensitivity and specificity of the string test inthe diagnosis of H. pylori in comparison with endoscopicmeans of diagnosis.METHODS: This was a prospective open comparative studyof patients with dyspepsia with endoscopy-based tests asgold standard (defined as a positive CLO test and antralhistology). Fasting patients swallowed the encapsulated-string(Entero-test Hp), which was withdrawn after 1 hour. Thegastric juice from the string was plated onto H. pylori-selectivemedia for culture. Helicobacter pylori was identified by typicalcolony morphology, gram stain and biochemical test results.RESULTS: Thirty dyspeptic patients were recruited of whom21 (70 %) were positive for H. pylori according to the goldstandard. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value,and negative predictive value for the string test were 38 %,100 %, 100 % and 41% respectively, and for endoscopicbiopsies 81%, 100 %, 100 %, 69 % respectively (P=0.004).Logistic regression showed that only abundant growthdensity from endoscopic biopsy cultures to be a predictor ofa positive string test (P=0.018).CONCLUSION: The string test is an alternative method toendoscopy in obtaining H. pylori but has a low sensitivitycompared to endoscopic biopsies. | Rupert WL Leong Ching C Lee Thomas KW Ling WaiK Leung Joseph JY Sung | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，2： | 3 |
| 8 | Indications and surgical options for small bowel, large bowel and perianal Crohn's disease显示文摘Despite advancements in medical therapy of Crohn's disease(CD), majority of patients with CD will eventually require surgical intervention, with at least a third of patients requiring multiple surgeries. It is important to understand the role and timing of surgery, with the goals of therapy to reduce the need for surgery without increasing the odds of emergency surgery and its associated morbidity, as well as to limit surgical recurrence and avoid intestinal failure. The profile of CD patients requiring surgical intervention has changed over the decades with improvements in medical therapy with immunomodulators and biological agents. The most common indication for surgery is obstruction from stricturing disease, followed by abscesses and fistulae. The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in CD is high but the likelihood of needing surgery for bleeding is low. Most major gastrointestinal bleeding episodes resolve spontaneously, albeit the risk of re-bleeding is high. The risk of colorectal cancer associated with CD is low. While current surgical guidelines recommend a total proctocolectomy for colorectal cancer associated with CD, subtotal colectomy or segmental colectomy with endoscopic surveillance may be a reasonable option. Approximately 20%-40% of CD patients will need perianal surgery during their lifetime. This review assesses the practice parameters and guidelines in the surgical management of CD, with a focus on the indications for surgery in CD(and when not to operate), and a critical evaluation of the timing and surgical options available to improve outcomes and reduce recurrence rates. | James WT Toh Peter Stewart Matthew JFX Rickard Rupert Leong Nelson Wang Christopher J Young | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，40： | 2 |
| 9 | Pregnancy related issues in inflammatory bowel disease: Evidence base and patients' perspective显示文摘Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects women of childbearing age and can influence fertility, pregnancy and decisions regarding breastfeeding. Women with IBD need to consider the possible course of disease during pregnancy, the benefits and risks associated with medications required for disease management during pregnancy and breastfeeding and the effects of mode of delivery on their disease. When indicated, aminosalicylates and thiopurines can be safely used during pregnancy. Infliximab and Adalimumab are considered probably safe during the first two trimesters. During the third trimester the placenta can be crossed and caution should be applied. Methotrexate is associated with severe teratogenicity due to its folate antagonism and is strictly contraindicated. Women with IBD tend to deliver earlier than healthy women, but can have a vaginal delivery in most cases. Caesarean sections are generally recommended for women with active perianal disease or after ileo-anal pouch surgery. While the impact of disease activity and medication has been addressed in several studies, there are minimal studies evaluating patients' perspective on these issues. Women's attitudes may influence their decision to have children and can positively or negatively influence the chance of conceiving, and their beliefs regarding therapies may impact on the course of their disease during pregnancy and/or breastfeeding. This review article outlines the impact of IBD and its treatment on pregnancy, and examines the available data on patients' views on this subject. | Christian P Selinger Rupert WL Leong Simon Lal | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，21： | 2 |
| 10 | Inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy: Lack of knowledge is associated with negative views显示文摘 | Christian P. Selinger Jayne Eaden Warwick Selby D. Brian Jones Peter Katelaris Grace Chapman Charles McDondald John McLaughlin Rupert W.L. Leong Simon Lal | 2012 | Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis2012，，： | 2 |
| 11 | Follow up of serial urea breath test results in patients after consumption of antibiotics for non-gastric infections显示文摘AIM: The widespread use of antibacterial therapy hasbeen suggested to be the cause for the decline in theprevalence of Helicobacter pyloriinfection. This studyexamine the serial changes of urea breath test resultsin a group of hospitalized patients who were givenantibacterial therapy for non-gastric infections.METHODS: Thirty-five hospitalized patients who weregiven antibacterial therapy for clinical infections,predominantly chest and urinary infections, werestudied. Most (91%) patients were given singleantibiotic of either a penicillin or cephalosporin group.Serial 13C-urea breath tests were performed within 24hours of initiation of antibiotics, at one-week and atsix-week post-therapy. H. pylori infection wasdiagnosed when one or more urea breath tests waspositive.RESULTS: All 35 patients completed three serial ureabreath tests and 26 (74 %) were H. pylori-positive. Ten(38 %) H. pylori-infected patients had at least onenegative breath test results during the study period.The medium delta 13C values were significantly lowerat baseline (8.8) than at one-week (20.3) and six-week(24.5) post-treatment in H. pylori-positive individuals(P=0.022). Clearance of H. pyloriat six-week was onlyseen in one patient who had received anti-helicobactertherapy from another source.CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that one-third ofH. pylori-infected individuals had transient false-negative urea breath test results during treatment withantibacterial agent. However, clearance of H. pyloriinfection by regular antibiotic consumption is rare. | Wai-Keung Leung Lawrence Cheung-Tsui Hung Carrie Ka-Li Kwok Rupert Wing-Loong Leong Daniel Kwok-Keung Ng Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung | 2002 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2002，8，4： | 2 |
| 12 | Inter-observer agreement for Crohn’s disease sub-phenotypes using the Montreal Classification: How good are we? A multi-centre Australasian study显示文摘 | Krupa Krishnaprasad Jane M. Andrews Ian C. Lawrance Timothy Florin Richard B. Gearry Rupert W.L. Leong Gillian Mahy Peter Bampton Ruth Prosser Peta Leach Laurie Chitti Charles Cock Rachel Grafton Anthony R. Croft Sharon Cooke James D. Doecke Graham L. Rad | 2011 | Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis2011，，3： | 2 |
| 13 | Novel de novo mutations of the interleukin-10 receptor gene lead to infantile onset inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘 | Cheng Hiang Lee Peter Hsu Brigitte Nanan Ralph Nanan Melanie Wong Kevin J. Gaskin Rupert W. Leong Ryan Murchie Aleixo M. Muise Michael O. Stormon | 2014 | Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis2014，，： | 2 |
| 14 | Mortality from inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘 | Christian P. Selinger Rupert W. Leong | 2012 | Inflamm Bowel Dis2012，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Current application of confocal endomicroscopy in gastrointestinal disorders 显示文摘 | Nam Q Nguyen Rupert WL Leong | 2008 | Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology2008，23，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Molecular pathways in colorectal cancer显示文摘 | Sam Al‐Sohaily Andrew Biankin Rupert Leong Maija Kohonen‐Corish Janindra Warusavitarne | 2012 | Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology2012，，9： | 1 |
| 17 | Clinical and Pathologic Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer in a Multi-Ethnic Population显示文摘 | Jenn Hian Koo Siu Kin Cyril Wong Bin Jalaludin Andrew Kneebone Susan J. Connor Rupert W.L. Leong | 2008 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2008，，9： | 1 |
| 18 | Proteomics and metabolomics in inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘 | Yunki Yau Rupert W Leong Ming Zeng Valerie C Wasinger | 2013 | J Gastroenterol Hepatol2013，，7： | 1 |
| 19 | Incidence and Phenotype of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Based on Results From the Asia-Pacific Crohn’s and Colitis Epidemiology Study显示文摘 | Siew C. Ng Whitney Tang Jessica Y. Ching May Wong Chung Mo Chow A.J. Hui T.C. Wong Vincent K. Leung Steve W. Tsang Hon Ho Yu Mo Fong Li Ka Kei Ng Michael A. Kamm Corrie Studd Sally Bell Rupert Leong H. Janaka de Silva Anuradhani Kasturiratne M.N.F. Mufeen | 2013 | Gastroenterology2013，，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Dieulafoy’s lesion显示文摘 | Yuk Tong Lee Russell S. Walmsley Rupert W.L. Leong Joseph J.Y. Sung | 2003 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2003，，： | 1 |
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