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| 1 | Biofeedback therapy for dyssynergic defecation显示文摘Dyssynergic defecation is one of the most common forms of functional constipation both in children and adults; it is defined by incomplete evacuation of fecal material from the rectum due to paradoxical contraction or failure to relax pelvic floor muscles when straining to defecate. This is believed to be a behavioral disorder because there are no associated morphological or neurological abnormalities, and consequently biofeedback training has been recommended for treatment. Biofeedback involves the use of pressure measurements or averaged electromyographic activity within the anal canal to teach patients how to relax pelvic floor muscles when straining to defecate. This is often combined with teaching the patient more appropriate techniques for straining (increasing intra-abdominal pressure) and having the patient practice defecating a water filled balloon. In adults, randomized controlled trials show that this form of biofeedback is more effective than laxatives, general muscle relaxation exercises (described as sham biofeedback), and drugs to relax skeletal muscles. Moreover, its effectiveness is specific to patients who have dyssynergic defecation and not slow transit constipation. However, in children, no clear superiority for biofeedback compared to laxatives has been demonstrated. Based on three randomized controlled studies in the last two years, biofeedback appears to be the preferred treatment for dyssynergic defecation in adults. | Giuseppe Chiarioni Steve Heymen William E Whitehead | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，44： | 44 |
| 2 | 关于沉降物中汞来源的进展和不确定性的综合分析显示文摘作为第八届全球污染物汞问题国际会议的一部分,一组国际汞问题专家于2005年在威斯康星的麦迪逊召开会议。会议的任务是讨论汞来源的科学依据研究现状。具体讲我们的关键问题是:对某一个指定地点,我们是否有把握确定局地、区域和全球的汞来源的相对份额,自然的相对于人为因素的汞排放和沉降。专家组综合分析了在过去10年来所发表的关于这个问题的最新研究情况,重点在以下4个主要研究课题:长期的人类活动影响的变化,当前的排放和沉降趋势,化学转换与循环,模拟与不确定性。在每一个课题中,专家组都得出一系列的结论,本文对此进行了描述。这些结论同时使得我们对问题的回答是'性质上是',而这种资格取决于所愿意接受的不确定性水平。我们同意这种不确定性主要取决于尺度,以及我们所提出的问题在位于主要点源很近和很远的地方均可得到比较有信心的回答,假设'全球汞库'是被承认的'来源'。从生态系统暴露这个角度来看,很多感兴趣的区域则处于中间地带,带有最大程度的不确定性。 | Steve Lindberg Russell Bullock Ralf Ebinghaus Daniel Engstrom 冯新斌 William Fitzgerald Nicola Pirrone Eric Prestbo Christian Seigneur 赵绪才(译) | 2007 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2007，36，1： | 13 |
| 3 | A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom显示文摘The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T.H.Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories,USA.Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different wavelengths.In the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications.This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years. | Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor Laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir Peter L.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi Nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark Colin Webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone | 2021 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2021，9，2： | 5 |
| 4 | Genetic Improvement of Willow for Bioenergy and Biofuels显示文摘Willows (Salix spp.) are a very diverse group of catkin-bearing trees and shrubs that are widely distributed across temperate regions of the globe.Some species respond well to being grown in short rotation coppice (SRC) cycles,which are much shorter than conventional forestry.Coppicing reinvigorates growth and the biomass rapidly accumulated can be used as a source of renewable carbon for bioenergy and biofuels.As SRC willows re-distribute nutrients during the perennial cycle they require only minimal nitrogen fertilizer for growth.This results in fuel chains with potentially high greenhouse gas reductions.To exploit their potential for renewable energy,willows need to be kept free of pests and diseases and yields need to be improved without significantly increasing the requirements for fertilizers and water.The biomass composition needs to be optimized for different end-uses.Yields also need to be sustainable on land less productive for food crops to reduce conflicts over land use.Advances in understanding the physiology and growth of willow,and in the identification of genes underlying key traits,are now at the stage where they can start to be used in breeding programs to help achieve these goals. | Angela Karp Steve J.Hanley Sviatlana O.Trybush William Macalpine Ian Shield | 2011 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2011，53，2： | 5 |
| 5 | HLA-Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies Using Nonmyeloablative Conditioning and High-Dose, Posttransplantation Cyclophosphamide显示文摘 | Leo Luznik Paul V. O'Donnell Heather J. Symons Allen R. Chen M. Susan Leffell Marianna Zahurak Ted A. Gooley Steve Piantadosi Michele Kaup Richard F. Ambinder Carol Ann Huff William Matsui Javier Bola?os-Meade Ivan Borrello Jonathan D. Powell Elizabeth Ha | 2008 | Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation2008，，6： | 4 |
| 6 | Mapping paddy rice agriculture in southern China using multi-temporal MODIS images显示文摘 | Xiangming Xiao Stephen Boles Jiyuan Liu Dafang Zhuang Steve Frolking Changsheng Li William Salas Berrien Moore | 2005 | Remote Sensing of Environment2005，，4： | 3 |
| 7 | Combined pars plana vitrectomy and Baerveldt glaucoma implant placement for refractory glaucoma显示文摘AIM: To evaluate outcomes of combined pars plana vitrectomy and Baerveldt glaucoma implant(PPV-BGI)placement for refractory glaucoma.·METHODS: The medical records of 92 eyes(89patients) that underwent PPV-BGI were retrospectively reviewed, including 43 eyes with neovascular glaucoma(NVG) and 49 eyes with other types of glaucoma(non-NVG).·RESULTS: Outcome measures were visual acuity(VA),intraocular pressure(IOP), glaucoma medical therapy,complications, and success [VA >hand motions(HM),IOP ≥6 mm Hg and ≤21 mm Hg, no subsequent glaucoma surgery]. Cumulative success rates for the non-NVG group and NVG group were 79% and 40% at1 y, respectively(P =0.038). No difference in the rates of surgical success were found between pars plana and anterior chamber tube placement. Preoperative IOP(mean±SD) was 30.3±11.7 mm Hg in the Non-NVG group and 40.0 ±10.6 mm Hg in the NVG group, and IOP was reduced to 15±9.5 mm Hg in the non-NVG group and 15±10.5 mm Hg in the NVG at 1y. Number of glaucoma medications(mean ±SD) decreased from 2.7 ±1.3 in the non-NVG group and 2.8 ±1.3 in the NVG group preoperatively to 0.76 ±1.18 in the non-NVG group and0.51±1.00 in the NVG group at 1y. Improvement in VA of≥2 Snellen lines was observed in 25(27%) eyes,although only 33% of non-NVG eyes and 2.3% of NVG eyes maintained VA better than 20/200 at 1y. Nonclearingvitreous hemorrhage was the most common postoperative complication occurring in 16(17%) eyes,and postoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhages developed in 5(5.4%) eyes.·CONCLUSION: PPV-BGI is a viable surgical option for eyes with refractory glaucoma, but visual outcomes are frequently poor because of ocular comorbidities,especially in eyes with NVG. The location of tube placement does not influence surgical outcome and should be left to the discretion of the surgeon. | Thalmon R.Campagnoli Sung Soo Kim William E.Smiddy Steve J.Gedde Donald L.Budenz Richard K.Parrish II Paul F.Palmberg William Feuer Wei Shi | 2015 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2015，8，5： | 3 |
| 8 | Geospatial decision support for drought risk management显示文摘 | Steve Goddard Sherri K. Harms Stephen E. Reichenbach Tsegaye Tadesse William J. Waltman | 2003 | Communications of the ACM2003，，1： | 2 |
| 9 | Mapping paddy rice agriculture in South and Southeast Asia using multi-temporal MODIS images显示文摘 | Xiangming Xiao Stephen Boles Steve Frolking Changsheng Li Jagadeesh Y. Babu William Salas Berrien Moore | 2005 | Remote Sensing of Environment2005，，1： | 2 |
| 10 | Severity of inflammation is a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis显示文摘 | Matthew Rutter Brian Saunders Kay Wilkinson Steve Rumbles Gillian Schofield Michael Kamm Christopher Williams Ashley Price Ian Talbot Alastair Forbes | 2004 | Gastroenterology2004，，： | 2 |
| 11 | Fabrication of all-transparent polymer-based and encapsulated nanofluidic devices using nano-indentation lithography显示文摘In this paper,we describe a novel and simple process for the fabrication of all-transparent and encapsulated polymeric nanofluidic devices using nano-indentation lithography.First,a nanomechanical probe is used to‘scratch’nanoscale channels on polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)substrates with sufficiently high hardness.Next,polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)is used twice to duplicate the nanochannels onto PDMS substrates from the‘nano-scratched’PMMA substrates.A number of experiments are conducted to explore the relationships between the nano-indentation parameters and the nanochannel dimensions and to control the aspect ratio of the fabricated nanochannels.In addition,traditional photolithography combined with soft lithography is employed to fabricate microchannels on another PDMS‘cap’substrate.After manually aligning the substrates,all uncovered channels on two separate PDMS substrates are bonded to achieve a sealed and transparent nanofluidic device,which makes the dimensional transition from microscale to nanoscale feasible.The smallest dimensions of the achievable nanochannels that we have demonstrated thus far are of~20 nm depth and~800 nm width,with lengths extendable beyond 100μm.Fluid flow experiments are performed to verify the reliability of the device.Two types of colloidal solution are used to visualize the fluid flow through the nanochannels,that is,ethanol is mixed with gold colloid or fluorescent dye(fluorescein isothiocyanate),and the flow rate and filling time of liquid in the nanochannels are estimated based on time-lapsed image data.The simplicity of the fabrication process,bio-compatibility of the polymer substrates,and optical transparency of the nanochannels for flow visualization are key characteristics of this approach that will be very useful for nanofluidic and biomolecular research applications in the future. | Cong Wu Tiffany G.Lin Zhikun Zhan Yi Li Steve C.H.Tung William C.Tang Wen J.Li | 2017 | Microsystems & Nanoengineering2017，3，1： | 2 |
| 12 | Thirty-Year Analysis of a Colonoscopic Surveillance Program for Neoplasia in Ulcerative Colitis显示文摘 | Matthew D. Rutter Brian P. Saunders Kay H. Wilkinson Steve Rumbles Gillian Schofield Michael A. Kamm Christopher B. Williams Ashley B. Price Ian C. Talbot Alastair Forbes | 2006 | Gastroenterology2006，，： | 2 |
| 13 | Comparison of magnetic resonance and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in malignant pancreaficobiliary obstruction显示文摘 | STEVE K LAWRENCE H WILLIAM R el al | 1999 | Arch Surg1999，134，： | 1 |
| 14 | The Softswitch advantage显示文摘 | Steve Williams | 2002 | IEE REVIEW2002，，： | 1 |
| 15 | MR arthrography of partial thickness tears of the undersurface of the rotator cuff: an arthroscopic correlation显示文摘 | Keith Meister Jim Thesing William J. Montgomery Peter A. Indelicato Steve Walczak William Fontenot | 2004 | Skeletal Radiology2004，，3： | 1 |
| 16 | The Nature of Some Recent Trade Union Modernization Policies in the UK显示文摘 | Steve Williams | 1997 | British Journal of Industrial Relations1997，，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Mapping paddy rice agriculture in South and Southeast Asia using multi-temporal MODIS images显示文摘 | Xiangming Xiao Stephen Boles Steve Frolking Changsheng Li Jagadeesh Y. Babu William Salas Berrien Moore | 2005 | Remote Sensing of Environment2005，，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Self-mixing de- tector candidates for an FM/cw ladar architecture 显示文摘 | William Ruff John Bruno Steve Kennerly | 2000 | SPIE2000，4035，： | 1 |
| 19 | Mapping paddy rice agriculture in southern China using multi-temporal MODIS images显示文摘 | Xiangming Xiao Stephen Boles Jiyuan Liu Dafang Zhuang Steve Frolking Changsheng Li William Salas Berrien Moore | 2005 | Remote Sensing of Environment2005，，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Continuous Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation Monitoring in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation显示文摘 | Yueying Zheng April Villamayor William Merritt Aliaksei Pustavoitau Asad Latif Ramola Bhambhani Steve Frank Ahmet Gurakar Andrew Singer Andrew Cameron Robert Stevens Charles Hogue | 2012 | Neurocritical Care2012，，1： | 1 |
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