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| 1 | 建筑中人行为模拟研究现状和展望显示文摘人行为是影响建筑能耗的重要因素,近几年成为建筑能耗模拟领域的研究热点。在过去的几十年中已有大量的相关研究,致力于通过实测建立事件或环境相关的人行为模型,但是,目前的人行为研究中还需要进一步发展,以满足工程实际的需要。本文回顾了人行为研究的研究现状,总结了在研究方法上现存的问题,从数据采集、模型建立、模型验证和软件开发4个从建模到应用的阶段,提出了人行为研究的未来展望。并讨论了人行为研究中尚存在的一些共性问题,例如:在实测中应进一步探讨采样的规模和实验室研究的可行性,建立人行为模型时应明确模型面向的应用层次,合理的数学形式、参数选择的方法、多因素多行为多人的模拟等尚待研究,针对模型的验证应以实际应用为指向确定验证的指标,采取科学有效的验证方法,以及在人行为相关软件的开发中,应定义良好的软件结构和接口,建立统一的描述框架,以相对独立的模块形式实现和模拟软件的交互。希望这些探讨能为将来的人行为研究提供新的思路,以推动人行为和建筑能耗模拟事业的发展。 | 燕达 丰晓航 王闯 Hong Tianzhen William O’Brien H.Burak Gunay Farhang Tahmasebi Ardeshir Mahdavi | 2015 | 建筑科学2015，31，10： | 23 |
| 2 | Characterizati0n,development and exploitation of EST-derived microsatellites in Gossypium raimondii Ulbrich显示文摘Microsatellite DNA or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) can be derived from expressed se- quence tags (ESTs). These markers are important for gene mapping as well as marker-assisted selection (MAS). To develop EST-SSRs for cotton gene map- ping, we selected and characterized functional markers in Gossypium raimondii, which consisted of 58906 non-redundant EST sequences from NCBI. Among them there were 2620 microsatellite se- quences containing 2818 EST-SSRs, which amoun- ted to 4.45% of the non-redundant starting sequence population. This incidence was equivalent to one EST-SSR in every 14.8 kb of G. raimondii genetic material. Among the different motifs ranging from 1 to 6 bp, trinucleotide repeats were most abundant (38.31%), followed by dinucleotide repeats (24.09%) and mononucleotide repeats (23.35%). Among all identified motif types, A/T had the highest frequency (18.67%), followed by AT/TA (14.83%). Among the compound motifs, tandem trinucleotides occurred with the highest frequency (48.65%). In all, we identi- fied 1554 EST-SSRs primer pair sequences. 300 of them were randomly selected to screen the poly- morphisms between the mapping parents G· hirsutum acc. TM-1 and G· barbadense cv. Hai7124, to con- struct linkage groups in cultivated allotetraploid cot- ton. Among them, 129 (43%) primer pairs were found to have polymorphisms. Using these EST-SSRs we can compare EST-SSR distributions among different cotton species and various chromosomal locations. | WANG Changbiao GUO Wangzhen CAI Caiping ZHANG Tianzhen | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，5： | 21 |
| 3 | Association analysis of fiber quality traits and exploration of elite alleles in Upland cotton cultivars/accessions(Gossypium hirsutum L.)显示文摘Exploring the elite alleles and germplasm accessions related to fiber quality traits will accelerate the breeding of cotton for fiber quality improvement. In this study, 99 Gossypium hirsutum L. accessions with diverse origins were used to perform association analysis of fiber quality traits using 97 polymorphic microsatellite marker primer pairs. A total of 107 significant marker-trait associations were detected for three fiber quality traits under three different environments, with 70 detected in two or three environments and 37 detected in only one environment. Among the 70 significant marker-trait associations, 52.86% were reported previously, implying that these are stable loci for target traits. Furthermore, we detected a large number of elite alleles associated simultaneously with two or three traits. These elite alleles were mainly from accessions collected in China, introduced to China from the United States, or rare alleles with a frequency of less than5%. No one cultivar contained more than half of the elite alleles, but 10 accessions were collected from China and the two introduced from the United States did contain more than half of these alleles. Therefore, there is great potential for mining elite alleles from germplasm accessions for use in fiber quality improvement in modern cotton breeding. | Caiping Cai Wenxue Ye Tianzhen Zhang Wangzhen Guo | 2014 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2014，56，1： | 18 |
| 4 | Molecular mapping of Verticillium wilt resistance QTL clustered on chromosomes D7 and D9 in upland cotton显示文摘Verticillium wilt is a destructive disease with international consequences for cotton production. Breeding broad-spectrum resistant cultivars is considered to be one of the most effective means for reducing crop losses. A resistant cotton cultivar,60182,was crossed with a susceptible cultivar,Jun-mian 1,to identify markers for Verticillium resistance genes and validate the mode of its inheritance. Genetic segregation analysis for Verticillium wilt resistance was evaluated based upon infected leaf percentage in the seedling stage using major gene-polygene mixed inheritance models and joint analysis of P1,P2,F1,B1,B2 and F2 populations obtained from the cultivar cross. We found that resistance of upland cotton cultivar 60182 to isolates BP2,VD8 and T9,and their isoconcentration mixture was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects,and the inheritance of the major gene was dominant. Furthermore,a genetic linkage map was constructed using F2 segregating population and resistance phenotypic data were obtained using F2:3 families inoculated with different isolates and detected in different developmental stages. The genetic linkage map with 139 loci was comprised of 31 linkage groups covering 1165 cM,with an average distance of 8.38 cM between two markers,or 25.89% of the cotton genome length. From 60182,we found 4 QTL on chromosome D7 and 4 QTL on D9 for BP2,5 QTL on D7 and 9 QTL on D9 for VD8,4 QTL on D7 and 5 QTL on D9 for T9 and 3 QTL on D7 and 7 QTL on D7 for mixed pathogens. The QTL mapping results revealed that QTL clusters with high contribution rates were screened simultaneously on chromosomes D9 and D7 by multiple interval mapping (CIM),whether from resistance phenotypic data from different developmental stages or for different isolates. The result is consistent with the genetic model of two major genes in 60182 and suggests broad-spectrum resistance to both defoliating isolates of V. dahliae and nondefoliating isolates. The markers associated with resistance QTL may facilitate the use of Verticillium wilt resistance genes in improving breeding programs for cotton. | JIANG Feng,ZHAO Jun,ZHOU Lei,GUO WangZhen & ZHANG TianZhen National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement,Cotton Research Institute,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，9： | 18 |
| 5 | Reversing drug resistance of soft tumor-repopulating cells by tumor cell-derived chemotherapeutic microparticles显示文摘颠倒使人重新住入肿瘤的房间(TRC ) 的药抵抗或起源的发展中的新奇途径像房间的癌症房间是迫切临床的需要改进癌症病人的结果。这里,我们显示出用肿瘤颠倒 TRC 的药抵抗的一条创新途径包含反肿瘤药的导出房间的 microparticles (T-MPs ) 。由比区分的癌症房间更可变形的优点, TRC 优先地收起 T-MPs 在进入房间以后释放反肿瘤药,它接着导致 TRC 的死亡。内在的机制包括防碍药流出并且支持这些药的原子入口。我们的调查结果在用有希望的临床的应用程序颠倒 TRC 的药抵抗在 T-MPs 的举起和一条新奇途径的有效性表明肿瘤房间柔软的重要性。 | Jingwei Ma Yi Zhang Ke Tang Huafeng Zhang Xiaonan Yin Yong Li Pingwei Xu Yanling Sun Ruihua Ma Tiantian Ji Junwei Chen Shuang Zhang Tianzhen Zhang Shunqun Luo Yang Jin Xiuli Luo Chengyin Li Hongwei Gong Zhixiong Long Jinzhi Lu Zhuowei Hu Xuetao Cao Ning Wang Xiangliang Yang Bo Huang | 2016 | Cell Research2016，26，6： | 17 |
| 6 | Development of Gossypium barbadense chromosome segment substitution lines in the genetic standard line TM-1 of Gossypium hirsutum显示文摘Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSL) consist of a battery of nearisogenic lines that have been developed and cover the entire genome of some crops. With the exception of one homozygous chromosome segment transferred from a donor parent, the remaining genome of each CSSL line is the same as the recipient parent. It is an ideal material for genome research and particularly QTL mapping. In the present study, we first developed one set of CSSL lines using G. hirsutum acc. TM-1 (the genetic standard), as the recipient parent and G. barbadense cv. Hai7124 as the donor parent using molecular assisted-selection in BC5S1-3 generations. The CSSL consisted of 330 different lines, in which 1-4 different lines had the same or overlapping substituted segments. The genetic length of the substituted segments covered 5271.9 cM with an average segment distance of 10.9 cM, 1.5 times the total genetic length of Upland cotton (3514.6 cM). The substituted segments of each line varied in length, ranging from 3.5 cM for the shortest segment to 23.2 cM in the longest segment. Our CSSL have not yet to cover the entire tetraploid cotton genome, due to the absence of some donor parent interval segments. | WANG Peng DING YeZhang LU QiongXian GUOWangZhen ZHANG TianZhen | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，10： | 14 |
| 7 | Identification of RAPD marker linked with fertility-restoring gene of cytoplasmic male sterile lines in upland cotton显示文摘Bulked segregant analysis was employed to construct two mixed DNA pools to screen the RAPd marker linked with the fertilityrestoring gene(\%Rf\-i)\% of upland cotton. A total of 425 arbitrary 10mer oligonucleotide primers were screened on two DNA pools, bulked male fertile and sterile DNAs isolated from BC\-3 segregating population of (06132R×Simian No. 3). Three primers produced repeatable polymorphisms between the paired bulks and their parents. DNA was extracted and amplified with these three primers for 92 plants of (Zhong 12A1×06132R)F\-2. Based on the male fertility scoring and RAPD amplification, it is found that one RAPD marker fragment designated OPV15 300 was linked with the fertilityrestoring gene (R f \-1) with a recombination value of 13.0±2.57%. | Wangzhen Guo Tianzhen Zhang Jiaju Pan Russell J. Kohel | 1998 | Chinese Science Bulletin1998，43，1： | 13 |
| 8 | Mapping Heterotic Loci for Yield and Agronomic Traits Using Chromosome Segment Introgression Lines in Cotton显示文摘在现在的学习,一套染色体片断基因渗入排队(CSIL ) 使用 Gossypium hirsutum L。TM-1 作为接受者父母和 G。施主父母被用来为种间的混血儿探索杂种优势的基因基础的 barbadense Hai7124。个别地从与两个父母一起交叉的 CSIL 导出的 F1 人口的二个集合被设置调查 heterotic loci (HL ) 和替换效果 loci (SL ) 。58 HL 和 39 SL 的一个总数在 3 年里被识别。一稳定的 HL, hLP-A4-3,能在所有 3 年里被检测。三 HL, hBS-A8-1, hLP-D6-1,和 hSI-D7-11,能在 2 年里被检测。四 SL, sBS-D7-1, sLP-A8-1, sLP-D7-1,和 sLP-D12-1,能在 2 年里被检测。HL 和 SL 趋于在有靠近的位置的一些 HL 富有的染色体片断分布式。与在以前的研究检测的 QTL 相比, HL 与 QTL 显示出很少重叠,显示特点显型和杂种优势可能被 loci 的不同集合控制。基因效果的所有三种形式(部分 -- ,完整 -- ,在主导上) 被识别,当在主导上的效果做了主要贡献到杂种优势时。这些结果可以帮助为在棉花澄清杂种优势的遗传机制打了基础。 | Xian Guo Yuping Guo Jun Ma Fang Wang Mizhen Sun Lijuan Gui Jiajia Zhou Xianliang Song Xuezhen Sun Tianzhen Zhang | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2013，55，8： | 13 |
| 9 | Fine mapping of the dominant glandless Gene Gl_2~e in Sea-island cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)显示文摘Gle2 is a mutant gene that controls glandless trait in cotton plants and seeds. It is an important gene resource to gossypol-free cottonseed breeding. The objective of this research was to develop SSR markers tightly linked with Gle2 by using the F2 segregating population containing 1599 plants derived from the cross of G. hirsutum genetic standard line TM-1 and G. barbadense glandless mutant line Hai-1. Genetic analysis suggested that the Gle2 was an incomplete dominant gene. Based on the backbone of genetic linkage map from G. hirsutum × G. barbadense BC1 published by our laboratory,Gle2 was lo-cated between CIR362 and NAU2251b,NAU3860b,STV033,with a genetic distance 9.27 and 0.96 cM,respectively. This result is useful for cloning Gle2 gene by map-based cloning method. | DONG ChengGuang DING YeZhang GUO WangZhen ZHANG TianZhen | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，22： | 12 |
| 10 | Isolation and characterization of resistance and defense gene analogs in cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)显示文摘Plant disease resistance gene (R gene) and defense response gene encode some con-served motifs. In the present work,a PCR strategy was used to clone resistance gene analogs (RGAs) and defense gene analogs (DGAs) from Sea-island cotton variety Hai7124 using oligonucleotide primers based on the nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and serine/threonine kinase (STK) in the R-gene and pathogenesis-related proteins of class 2 (PR2) of defense response gene. 79 NBS sequences,21 STK sequences and 11 DGAs were cloned from disease-resistance cotton. Phylogenic analysis of 79 NBS-RGAs and NBS-RGAs nucleotide sequences of cotton already deposited in GenBank identified one new sub-cluster. The deduced amino acid sequences of NBS-RGAs and STK-RGAs were divided into two distinct groups respectively: Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) group and non-TIR group,A group and B group. The expression of RGAs and DGAs having consecutive open reading frame (ORF) was also investigated and it was found that 6 NBS-RGAs and 1 STK-RGA were induced,and 1 DGA was up-regulated by infection of Verticillium dahliae strain VD8. 4 TIR-NBS-RGAs and 4 non-TIR-NBS-RGAs were arbitrarily used as probes for Southern-blotting. There existed 2-10 blotted bands. In addition,since three non-TIR-NBS-RGAs have the same hybridization pattern,we conjecture that these three RGAs form a cluster distribution in the genome. | GAO Yulong GUO Wangzhen WANG Lei ZHANG Tianzhen | 2006 | Science China(Life Sciences)2006，49，6： | 11 |
| 11 | Fault self-repair strategy based on evolvable hardware and reparation balance technology显示文摘In the face of harsh natural environment applications such as earth-orbiting and deep space satellites, underwater sea vehicles, strong electromagnetic interference and temperature stress,the circuits faults appear easily. Circuit faults will inevitably lead to serious losses of availability or impeded mission success without self-repair over the mission duration. Traditional fault-repair methods based on redundant fault-tolerant technique are straightforward to implement, yet their area, power and weight cost can be excessive. Moreover they utilize all plug-in or component level circuits to realize redundant backup, such that their applicability is limited. Hence, a novel selfrepair technology based on evolvable hardware(EHW) and reparation balance technology(RBT) is proposed. Its cost is low, and fault self-repair of various circuits and devices can be realized through dynamic configuration. Making full use of the fault signals, correcting circuit can be found through EHW technique to realize the balance and compensation of the fault output-signals. In this paper, the self-repair model was analyzed which based on EHW and RBT technique, the specific self-repair strategy was studied, the corresponding self-repair circuit fault system was designed, and the typical faults were simulated and analyzed which combined with the actual electronic devices. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed fault self-repair strategy was feasible. Compared to traditional techniques, fault self-repair based on EHW consumes fewer hardware resources, and the scope of fault self-repair was expanded significantly. | Zhang Junbin Cai Jinyan Meng Yafeng Meng Tianzhen | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2014，27，5： | 10 |
| 12 | Fine mapping of the red plant gene R_1 in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)显示文摘Sub 16 is a substitution line with G. hirsutum cv. TM-1 genetic background except that the 16th chro-mosome (Chr. 16) is replaced by the corresponding homozygous chromosome of G. barbadense cv. 3-79, and T586 is a G. hirsutum multiple gene marker line with 8 dominant mutation genes. The R1 gene for anthocyanin pigmentation was tagged in Chr. 16 in T586. The objective of this research was to screen SSR markers tightly linked with R1 by using the F2 segregating population containing 1259 plants derived from the cross of Sub 16 and T586 and the backbone genetic linkage map from G. hir-sutum×G. barbadense BC1 newly updated by our laboratory. Genetic analysis suggested that the seg-regation ratio of red plants in the F2 population fit Mendelian 1:2:1 inheritance, confirming that the red plant trait was controlled by an incomplete dominance gene. Preliminary mapping of R1 was conducted using 237 randomLy selected F2 individuals and JoinMap v3.0 software. Then, a fine map of R1 was constructed using the F2 segregating population containing 1259 plants, and R1 was located between NAU4956 and NAU6752, with only 0.49 cM to the nearest maker loci (NAU6752). These results pro-vided a foundation for map-based cloning of R1 and further development of cotton cultivars with red fibers by transgenic technology. | ZHAO Liang CAI CaiPing ZHANG TianZhen GUO WangZhen | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，9： | 7 |
| 13 | Visualization of perforin/gasdermin/complement-formed pores in real cell membranes using atomic force microscopy显示文摘Different types of pores ubiquitously form in cell membranes,leading to various types of cell death that profoundly influence the fate of inflammation and the disease status.However,these pores have never truly been visualized to date.Atomic force microscopy(AFM),which is emerging as a powerful tool to analyze the mechanical properties of biomolecules and cells,is actually an excellent imaging platform that allows biological samples to be visualized by probing surface roughness at the level of atomic resolution.Here,membrane pore structures were clearly visualized using AFM.This visualization not only describes the aperture and depth of the pore complexes but also highlights differences among the pores formed by perforin and gasdermins in tumor cell membranes and by complement in immune cell membranes.Additionally,this type of visualization also reveals the dynamic process of pore formation,fusion,and repair. | Yuying Liu Tianzhen Zhang Yabo Zhou Jiping Li Xiaoyu Liang Nannan Zhou Jiadi Lv Jing Xie Feiran Cheng Yiliang Fang Yunfeng Gao Ning Wang Bo Huang | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，6： | 6 |
| 14 | Isolation and characterization of a sterile-dwarf mutant in Asian cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.)显示文摘Plant height is an important trait in cotton. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the dwarf phenotype, a sterile-dwarf mutant derived from Gossypium arboreum L. cv. Jinhuazhongmian was developed by 60Co γ-ray irradiation. The results demonstrated that the steriledwarf mutant phenotype was controlled by a pair of recessive gene, which was designated sda. Plants carrying the sda gene contained lower levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) compared with wild-type (WT) plants. The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate in mutant leaves were markedly decreased. However, it was possible that ABA biosynthesis or signaling was involved in governing the sda phenotype. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis detected 13 differentially expressed ESTs, and the steriledwarf mutant exhibited decreased expression levels relative to the WT. The role of nine potential hormone biosynthetic genes in the synthesis of IAA, ABA, polyamines (PAs) and jasmonic acid (JA) were discussed. | Chuntai Wu Baoliang Zhou Tianzhen Zhang | 2009 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2009，36，6： | 6 |
| 15 | QTL mapping in A-genome diploid Asiatic cotton and their congruence analysis with AD-genome tetraploid cotton in genus Gossypium显示文摘Asiatic cotton(Gossypium arboreum L.) is an Old World cultivated cotton species.The sinense race was planted extensively in China.Due to the advances in spinning technology during the last century,the species was replaced by the New World allotetraploid cotton G.hirsutum L.Gossypium arboreum is still grown in India and Pakistan and also used as an elite in current cotton breeding programs.In addition,G.arboreum serves as a model for genomic research in Gossypium.In the present study,we generated an A-genome diploid cotton intraspecific genetic map including 264 SSR loci with three morphological markers mapped to 13 linkage groups.The map spans 2,508.71 cM with an average distance of 9.4 cM between adjacent loci.A population containing 176 F2:3 families was used to perform quantitative trait loci(QTL) mapping for 17 phenotypes using Multiple QTL Model(MQM) of MapQTL ver 5.0.Overall,108 QTLs were detected on 13 chromosomes.Thirty-one QTLs for yield and its components were detected in the F2 population.Forty-one QTLs for yield and its components were detected in the F2:3 families with a total of 43 QTLs for fiber qualities.Two QTLs for seed cotton weight/plant and lint index and three QTLs for seed index were consistently detected both in F2 and F2:3.Most QTLs for fiber qualities and yields were located at the same interval or neighboring intervals.These results indicated that the negative correlation between fiber qualities and yield traits may result from either pleiotropic effect of one gene or linkage effects of multiple closely linked genes. | Xuexia Ma Yezhang Ding Baoliang Zhou Wangzhen Guo Yanhui Lv Xiefei Zhu Tianzhen Zhang | 2008 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2008，35，12： | 5 |
| 16 | Mining,characterization,and exploitation of EST-derived microsatellites in Gossypium barbadense显示文摘Simple sequence repeats(SSRs) have been widely applied as molecular markers in genetic studies.However,the number of expressed sequence tags(ESTs) and SSR markers from Gossypium barbadense is fewer than those from other cotton species.In this study,EST-SSR distribution from G.barbadense was characterized and new G.barbadense-derived EST-SSR markers were determined on the basis of the ESTs obtained by randomly sequencing 2 cDNA libraries associated with fiber development in G.barbadense.By mining 9697 non-redundant ESTs,a total of 638 SSR loci derived from 595 ESTs were observed.In G.barbadense,the frequency of ESTs containing SSRs was 6.13%,with an average of 1 SSR in every 10.4 kb of EST sequence.Furthermore,trinucleotide was found to be the most abundant repeat type among 2-6-nucleotide repeat types.It accounted for 26.6% of the total,followed by the hexanucleotide(26.0%) and pentanucleotide repeats(25.9%).Among all the repeat motifs,(AAG)n accounted for the highest proportion.EST-SSR primer pairs were developed using the Primer3 program,and the redundant primers were removed using the virtual PCR approach.As a result,380 non-redundant EST-SSR primer pairs were developed and used to detect polymorphisms between the mapping parents G.hirsutum 'TM-1' and G.barbadense 'Hai7124' for constructing linkage groups in cultivated allotetraploid cotton.Out of these,98(25.8%) primer pairs detected polymorphisms.Finally,95 polymorphic loci from 82 primer pairs were integrated into the backbone genetic map;of these,42 were mapped into the A subgenome and 53 into the D subgenome.The present work provided the foundation for constructing saturated genetic maps and conducting comparative genomic studies on different cotton species. | LU YuanDa CAI CaiPing WANG Lei LIN ShaoYan ZHAO Liang TIAN LiangLiang LU JunHong ZHANG TianZhen GUO WangZhen | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，18： | 5 |
| 17 | Substantial transition to clean household energy mix in rural China显示文摘The household energy mix has significant impacts on human health and climate,as it contributes greatly to many health-and climate-relevant air pollutants.Compared to the well-established urban energy statistical system,the rural household energy statistical system is incomplete and is often associated with high biases.Via a nationwide investigation,this study revealed high contributions to energy supply from coal and biomass fuels in the rural household energy sector,while electricity comprised∼20%.Stacking(the use of multiple sources of energy)is significant,and the average number of energy types was 2.8 per household.Compared to 2012,the consumption of biomass and coals in 2017 decreased by 45%and 12%,respectively,while the gas consumption amount increased by 204%.Increased gas and decreased coal consumptions were mainly in cooking,while decreased biomass was in both cooking(41%)and heating(59%).The time-sharing fraction of electricity and gases(E&G)for daily cooking grew,reaching 69%in 2017,but for space heating,traditional solid fuels were still dominant,with the national average shared fraction of E&G being only 20%.The non-uniform spatial distribution and the non-linear increase in the fraction of E&G indicated challenges to achieving universal access to modern cooking energy by 2030,particularly in less-developed rural and mountainous areas.In some non-typical heating zones,the increased share of E&G for heating was significant and largely driven by income growth,but in typical heating zones,the time-sharing fraction was<5%and was not significantly increased,except in areas with policy intervention.The intervention policy not only led to dramatic increases in the clean energy fraction for heating but also accelerated the clean cooking transition.Higher income,higher education,younger age,less energy/stove stacking and smaller family size positively impacted the clean energy transition. | Guofeng Shen Rui Xiong Yanlin Tian Zhihan Luo Bahabaike Jiangtulu Wenjun Meng Wei Du Jing Meng Yuanchen Chen Bing Xue Bin Wang Yonghong Duan Jia Duo Fenggui Fan Lei Huang Tianzhen Ju Fenggui Liu Shunxin Li Xianli Liu Yungui Li Mu Wang Ying Nan Bo Pan Yanfang Pan Lizhi Wang Eddy Zeng Chao Zhan Yilin Chen Huizhong Shen Hefa Cheng Shu Tao | 2022 | National Science Review2022，9，7： | 4 |
| 18 | Commercial production of transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton varieties and the resistance management for bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner)显示文摘There are currently three kinds of transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton germplasm lines, Shanxi 94-24, Zhongxin 94 and R19, in China. They showed high resistance to the neonate larvae of bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). Transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton varieties or hybrids have been bred using the three kinds of germplasm lines as parents. Our researches reveal that there exist different expressions in resistant level at different developmental stages in the three categories of germplasm lines. When neonate larvae are fed with leaves of cotton plant at the seeding stage with less than 10 leaves on the main stem, the mortality of the neonate larvae is 100%, but the resistance level will decline at later season. When Bt gene has been transferred to the cotton genome, it can be steadily transferred to the progeny, the level of resistance to bollworm keeps fundamentally uniform. Such insects as tobacco budworm (Heliothis virencens) in laboratory directive selection are very apt to produce resistance | ZHANG Tianzhen & TANG CanmingKey Laboratory of Crop Germplasm & Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Department of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，14： | 3 |
| 19 | Gene cloning and molecular breeding to improve fiber qualities in cotton显示文摘Cotton fiber is one of known natural resources comprising the highest purity cellulose. It plays an important role worldwide in the textile industry. With the acceleration of spinning speeds and the improvement of the peoples liv-ing level, the demand of improving cotton fiber qualities is getting stronger and stronger. So, making clear the develop-mental model of fiber cell and elucidating systematically the molecular mechanisms of cotton fiber development and regulation will produce a great significance to make full use of cotton gene resources, raise cotton yield and improve fiber quality, and even develop man-made fiber. In the paper, the status of the gene cloning and the molecular breeding to im-prove cotton fiber quality were reviewed, the importance and potential of gene cloning related with cotton fiber quality were put forward and the proposal and prospect on fiber quality improvement were made. Using national resources available and through the creative exploration in corre-sponding research, some international leading patents in genes or markers linked with cotton fiber development hav-ing Chinese own intellectual property should be licensed quickly. And they can be used to improve cotton fiber quality in cotton breeding practice. | GUO Wangzhen, SUN Jing & ZHANG Tianzhen National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Cotton Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China Correspondence should be addressed to Guo Wangzhen (e-mail: cotton @njan.edu.cn) | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，8： | 3 |
| 20 | Inheritance of resistance to Helicoverpa armigera of 3 kinds of transgenic Bt strains available in upland cotton in China显示文摘There are 3 kinds of transgenic Bt strains, Shanxi 94-24, Zhongxin 94, and R19, in upland cotton in China. Their transgenic Bt insect-resistance cultivars or hybrids have been developed and grown by farmers. Genetic studies indicate that the resistance of the 3 transgenic Bt cotton strains to Helicoverpa armigera is controlled by one pair of non-allelic dominant genes. Linkage relationship between the resistant genes of R19 and Shanxi 94-24 transgenic Bt strains shows that they may be inserted in the same chromosome. FT hybrids crossed among the 3 strains show that high levels of protection from feeding damage are the same as that of their parents. Therefore, there is no co-suppression phenomenon in many transgenic plants. The results presented here afford a fundamental reliance in developing transgenic Bt insect-resistant cultivars and exploiting the heterosis of hybrids in upland cotton. | TANG Canming SUN Jing ZHU Xiefei GUO Wangzhen ZHANG Tianzhen SHEN Jinliang GAO Congfen ZHOU Weijun CHEN Zhixian GUO Sandui | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，4： | 3 |
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