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| 1 | Bone mineral density in cone beam computed tomography:Only a few shades of gray显示文摘Cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) has often been used to determine the quality of craniofacial bone structures through the determination of mineral density, which is based on gray scales of the images obtained. However, there is no consensus regarding the accuracy of the determination of the gray scales in these exams. This study aims to provide a literature review concerning the reliability of CBCT to determine bone mineral density. The gray values obtained with CBCT show a linear relationship with the attenuation coefficients of the materials, Hounsfield Units values obtained with medical computed tomography, and density values from dual energy X-ray absorciometry. However, errors are expected when CBCT images are used to define the quality of the scanned structures be-cause these images show inconsistencies and arbitrari-ness in the gray values, particularly when related to abrupt change in the density of the object, X-ray beam hardening effect, scattered radiation, projection data discontinuity-related effect, differences between CBCTdevices, changes in the volume of the field of view(FOV), and changes in the relationships of size and position between the FOV and the object evaluated. A few methods of mathematical correction of the gray scales in CBCT have been proposed; however, they do not generate consistent values that are independent of the devices and their configurations or of the scanned objects. Thus, CBCT should not be considered the ex-amination of choice for the determination of bone and soft tissue mineral density at the current stage, par-ticularly when values obtained are to be compared to predetermined standard values. Comparisons between symmetrically positioned structures inside the FOV and in relation to the exomass of the object, as it occurs with the right and left sides of the skull, seem to be viable because the effects on the gray scale in the re-gions of interest are the same. | Marcio José da Silva Campos Thainara Salgueiro de Souza Sergio Luiz Mota Júnior Marcelo Reis Fraga Robert Willer Farinazzo Vitral | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，8： | 3 |
| 2 | 胆固醇酯转移蛋白基因的蛋白质截断型变异体与冠状动脉性心脏病风险的关系显示文摘随机对照试验结果表明,抑制胆固醇酯转运蛋白(cholesteryl ester transfer protein,CETP)的疗法并不能降低冠状动脉性心脏病(coronary heart disease,CHD)的发生风险。研究失败的可能原因包括靶目标无效、靶目标外小分子的不良反应和随机对照设计因素影响等。在编码药物靶点的基因中具有天然存在的遗传变异,以此为基础,人类研究可以深入了解针对基因产物的治疗的潜在功效和安全性。 | Nomura A Won HH Khera AV Takeuchi F Ito K McCarthy S Emdin CA Klarin D Natarajan P Zekavat SM Gupta N Peloso GM Borecki IB Teslovich TM Asselta R Duga S Merlini PA Correa A Kessler T Wilson JG Bown MJ Hall AS Braund PS Carey DJ Murray MF Kirchner HL Leader JB Lavage DR Manus JN Hartze DN Samani NJ Schunkert H Marrugat J Elosua R McPherson R Farrall M Watkins H Juang JJ Hsiung CA Lin SY Wang JS Tada H Kawashiri MA Inazu A Yamagishi M Katsuya T Nakashima E Nakatochi M Yamamoto K Yokota M Momozawa Y Rotter JI Lander ES Rader DJ Danesh J Ardissino D Gabriel S Willer CJ Abecasis GR Saleheen D Kubo M Kato N Ida Chen YD Dewey FE Kathiresan S 刘莉 叶鹏 | 2017 | 中华高血压杂志2017，25，9： | 2 |
| 3 | Common variants at 30 loci contribute to polygenic dyslipidemia显示文摘 | Kathiresan S Willer C J Peloso G M | 2009 | Nat Genet2009，41，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Acquired spondelolysis as a sequel to spine fusion显示文摘 | HARRIS R I WILLER J J | 1963 | J Bone Joint Sury (Am)1963，45，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Application of Image Simulation in Weapon System Development 显示文摘 | Cornelius J Willers Maria S Wheeler | 2007 | Physica A (S0378-4371)2007，387，23： | 1 |
| 6 | Checkpoint kinase 2-mediated phosphorylation of BRCA1 regulates the fidelity of nonhomologous end joining显示文摘 | Zhang J Zhang J Willers H | 2006 | Cancer Res2006，66，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Theseeds of weak power:an extension of network exchange theory显示文摘 | MARKOVSKY B SKVORETZ J WILLER D | 1993 | American Sociological Review1993，58，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Wireless technology and satellite Internet access for high-speed whole farm connectivity in precision agriculture 显示文摘 | McKinion J M Turner S B Willers J L | 2004 | Agricultural Systems2004，81，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Hyperalgesia and allodynia:peripher a lmechanisms显示文摘 | Coutaux A Adam F Willer J C | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Cervical intervertebral disc prolapse associated with traumatic facet dislocations显示文摘 | Berrington N R van Staden J F Willers J G | 1993 | Surg Neurol1993，40，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Sugar transport and sugar metabolizing enzymes in sugar beet storage roots显示文摘 | Fieuw S Willer brink J | 1990 | Plant Physiol1990，137，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Chk2 phosphorylation of BRCA1 regulates DNA double-strand break repair显示文摘 | Zhang J Willers H Feng Z | 2004 | Mol Cell Biol2004，24，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Newly identified loci that influence lipid concentra- tions and risk of coronary artery disease显示文摘 | WILLER C J SANNA S JACKSON A U | 2008 | Nat Gen- et2008，40，： | 1 |
| 14 | Chk2 phosphorylation of BRCA1 regulates DNA double-strand break repair显示文摘 | Zhang J Willers H Feng Z | 2004 | Mol Cell Biol2004，24，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Competitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for the determina- tion of zinc bacitracin in animal feeding stuffs 显示文摘 | Williams C Pate1 I Willer C J | 2005 | J Chromatogr A2005，1066，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Post-transcriptional regulation of the mitochondrial H^+ -ATP synthase : a key regulator of the metabolic pheno- type in cnacer 显示文摘 | Willers I M Cuezva J M | 2011 | Biochem Biophysi Acta2011，1807，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Fecundity, Ion gevity and caloric patterns in 显示文摘 | Willers J L Schneider J C Ramaswamy S B | 1987 | Journal of Insect Physiology1987，33，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Six new loci associated with body mass index highlight a neuronal inf luence on body weight reg-ulation 显示文摘 | Willer C J Speliotes EK Loos RJ | 2009 | Nat Genet2009，41，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Competitive Enzyme -linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination of Zinc Bacitracin in Animal Feedingstuffs显示文摘 | WILLIAMS C PATEL I WILLER C J | 2005 | J Chromatogr A2005，1066，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Newly identified loci that in- fluence lipid concentrations and risk of coronary artery disease 显示文摘 | Willer C J Sanna S Jackson AU | 2008 | Nat Genet2008，40，2： | 1 |
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