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| 1 | 美国临床肿瘤学会IV期非小细胞肺癌化疗的临床实践指南更新显示文摘本文旨在为IV期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗提供更新版推荐。本文资料检索源自2002年以来公布的相关随机试验文献。此指南范围限于化疗与生物治疗。更新委员会对这些文献进行了总结并提供了推荐更新。162篇文献符合标准被纳入参考。本推荐基于可改善总生存期的治疗方法。仅改善无进展生存期的治疗方法推动了对毒性及生存质量的监测。对于体力状态评分为0分或1分患者的一线治疗,可推荐以铂类为基础的细胞毒性药物的两药联用。对铂类治疗有禁忌的患者,可采用非铂类细胞毒性两药联合。对于体力状态评分为2分的患者,单一细胞毒性药物即可。对于疾病进展或经过4个周期的治疗仍对治疗无反应的患者,应停止一线细胞毒性化疗。即使在6个周期后患者对治疗仍有反应,亦应停止两药细胞毒性化疗。对于伴有明确的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变的患者,可推荐一线采用吉非替尼治疗;对于EGFR突变为阴性或不明确的患者,细胞毒性化疗更佳。除具有特定临床特征的患者外,可推荐贝伐单抗与卡铂-紫杉醇联用。对于通过免疫组化证实EGFR阳性的肿瘤患者,可推荐西妥昔单抗与顺铂-长春瑞滨联用。多西紫杉醇、厄洛替尼、吉非替尼或培美曲塞被推荐作为二线治疗。对于未曾接受过厄洛替尼或吉非替尼治疗的患者,可推荐厄洛替尼作为三线治疗。现有数据不足以推荐常规三线采用细胞毒性药物。已有的证据也不足以推荐常规应用分子标记物选择化疗。 | Christopher G. AZZOLI Sherman Baker JR Sarah TEMIN William PAO Timothy ALIFF Julie BRAHMER David H. JOHNSON Janessa L. LASKIN Gregory MASTERS Daniel MILTON Luke NORDQUIST David G. PFISTER Steven PIANTADOSI Joan H. SCHILLER Reily SMITH Thomas J. SMITH John R. STRAWN David TRENT Giuseppe GIACCONE 丁燕(翻译) 南娟(翻译) 刘谦(翻译) 周清华(校对) 陈军(校对) | 2010 | 中国肺癌杂志2010，13，3： | 43 |
| 2 | 在血压控制不良的高血压患者中使用数字化干预的家庭和在线血压管理:随机对照试验显示文摘HOME BP试验(The home and online management and evaluation of blood pressure)的目的是评估在初级预防中结合自我监测和自我管理的数字化干预在高血压管理中的作用。研究者纳入英国76个治疗中心经过治疗但血压控制不好(>140/90 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)并能上网的患者622例,进行自动确定主要终点的公开随机对照试验。 | McMa-nus RJ Little P Stuart B Morton K Raftery J Kelly J Bradbury K Zhang J Zhu S Murray E May CR Mair FS Michie S Smith P Band R Ogburn E AllenJ Rice C Nut-tall J Williams B Yardley L 陈嘉睿(译) 叶鹏(审校) | 2021 | 中华高血压杂志2021，29，5： | 15 |
| 3 | 极外侧椎间融合术微创治疗退变性脊柱侧凸显示文摘目的介绍侧方入路极外侧椎间融合术微创治疗退变性脊柱侧凸的方法、技术要点,评估其临床价值。方法采用极外侧椎间融合术微创治疗退变性脊柱侧凸8例,3例椎间融合器矫形加椎体螺钉内固定,5例单纯椎间融合器矫形。分析其临床效果、侧弯矫正率和并发症。结果手术顺利,术中出血每例平均50ml,术后腰腿痛明显减轻,下肢神经源性间歇性跛行缓解,侧弯矫正率为64%。随访6~30个月椎间隙高度无丢失,融合器无移位,2例有矫形角度的轻度丢失。无术中和术后并发症。结论侧方入路的前面无注释微创治疗退变性脊柱侧凸是一种创伤小、出血少、恢复快和安全有效的方法。 | 吴增晖 William Smith 尹庆水 王非 | 2009 | 中华显微外科杂志2009，32，1： | 15 |
| 4 | 健康领域的文化能力显示文摘1背景
尽管人类对其他社会的兴趣纵贯历史的各个阶段,但是检验不同文化概念对人类健康实践的影响从20世纪才开始,当时是伴随着长期的人类学田野调查产生的,这些田野调查揭露了不同文化之间相关卫生实践的多样性、复杂性和连续性。 | Napier A D Ancarno C Butler B Calabrese j Chater A Chatterjee H Guesnet F Home R Jacyna S Jadhav S Macdonald A Neuendorf U Parkhurst A Reynolds R Scambler G Shamdasani S Smith S Z Stougaard-Nielsen J Thomson L Tyler N Volkmann A M Walker T Watson J Williams AC Willott C Wilson J Woolf K | 2016 | 中国卫生政策研究2016，9，2： | 5 |
| 5 | Screening Helicobacter pylori genes induced during infection of mouse stomachs显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of in vivo environment on gene expression in Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) as it relates to its survival in the host.METHODS:In vivo expression technology(IVET) systems are used to identify microbial virulence genes.We modified the IVET-transcriptional fusion vector,pIVET8,which uses antibiotic resistance as the basis for selection of candidate genes in host tissues to develop two unique IVET-promoter-screening vectors,pIVET11 and pIVET12.Our novel IVET systems were developed by the fusion of random Sau3A DNA fragments of H.pylori and a tandem-reporter system of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and beta-galactosidase.Additionally,each vector contains a kanamycin resistance gene.We used a mouse macrophage cell line,RAW 264.7 and mice,as selective media to identify specific genes that H.pylori expresses in vivo.Gene expression studies were conducted by infecting RAW 264.7 cells with H.pylori.This was followed by real time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analysis to determine the relative expression levels of in vivo induced genes.RESULTS:In this study,we have identified 31 in vivo induced(ivi) genes in the initial screens.These 31 genes belong to several functional gene families,including several well-known virulence factors that are expressed by the bacterium in infected mouse stomachs.Virulence factors,vacA and cagA,were found in this screen and are known to play important roles in H.pylori infection,colonization and pathogenesis.Their detection validates the efficacy of these screening systems.Some of the identified ivi genes have already been implicated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of H.pylori and other bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae.Transcription profiles of allivi genes were confirmed by real time PCR analysis of H.pylori RNA isolated from H.pylori infected RAW 264.7 macrophages.We compared the expression profile of H.pylori and RAW 264.7 coculture with that of H.pylori only.Some genes such as cag A,vac A,lpx C,mur I,tlp C,trx B,sod B,tnp B,pgi,rbf A and inf B showed a 2-20 fold upregulation.Statistically significant upregulation was obtained for all the above mentioned genes(P < 0.05).tlp C,cag A,vac A,sod B,rbf A,inf B,tnp B,lpx C and mur I were also significantly upregulated(P < 0.01).These data suggest a strong correlation between results obtained in vitro in the macrophage cell line and in the intact animal.CONCLUSION:The positive identification of these genes demonstrates that our IVET systems are powerful tools for studying H.pylori gene expression in the host environment. | Aparna Singh Nathaniel Hodgson Ming Yan Jungsoo Joo Lei Gu Hong Sang Emmalena Gregory-Bryson William G Wood Yisheng Ni Kimberly Smith Sharon H Jackson William G Coleman | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 5 |
| 6 | Comparison of parametric and nonparametric models for traffic flow forecasting显示文摘 | Brian L Smith Billy M Williams R Keith Oswald | 2002 | Transportation Research Part C2002，，4： | 3 |
| 7 | The evolving ENSO observing system显示文摘El Nio–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)is by far the most energetic and influential short-term climate variability on our planet, originating from an instability of the large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction in the tropical Pacific. | Dake Chen Neville Smith William Kessler | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，6： | 3 |
| 8 | 卫星探测的大气资料对改进天气预报是渺茫的或是起关键作用?显示文摘人们取得卫星探测的大气温度和水汽资料已有20多年了.这些资料遍及全球,因此曾希望从卫星得到的探测资料使全球数值天气预报(NWP)有重大改进.1979年全球天气试验(GWE)期间用所提供的卫星探测资料进行的试验确实表明,它们对延伸预报有正的影响,在南半球尤其如此.令人惋惜的是自GWE以来,卫星探测资料的价值已明显下降了.我认为这在很大程度上是由于模式的改进,亦即与现在的NWP模式的垂直分辨率相比较,卫星资料的垂直分辨率差,而模式在这方面占优势.因为存在小尺度特征(可以由模式分辨的垂直尺度表示)的混淆现象,卫星资料甚至使分析/预报的业务质量有所下降.本文先从历史观点论述卫星探测资料在天气预报应用中价值降低的困境,亦即说明这些资料没有达到预期作用的原因.然后探求为扭转这种局面需要在卫星工艺学和应用技术方面的改进. | William L. Smith 吕月华 | 1992 | 气象科技1992，20，4： | 3 |
| 9 | Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association显示文摘 | Scott M. Grundy Ivor J. Benjamin Gregory L. Burke Alan Chait Robert H. Eckel Barbara V. Howard William Mitch Sidney C. Smith James R. Sowers | 1999 | Circulation1999，，10： | 3 |
| 10 | Continuous Autonomic Assessment in Patients With Symptomatic Heart Failure: Prognostic Value of Heart Rate Variability Measured by an Implanted Cardiac Resynchronization Device显示文摘 | Philip B. Adamson Andrew L. Smith William T. Abraham Karen J. Kleckner Robert W. Stadler Alex Shih Melissa M. Rhodes | 2004 | Circulation2004，，16： | 3 |
| 11 | The Combination of Ribavirin and Peginterferon Is Superior to Peginterferon and Placebo for Children and Adolescents With Chronic Hepatitis C显示文摘 | Kathleen B. Schwarz Regino P. Gonzalez–Peralta Karen F. Murray Jean P. Molleston Barbara A. Haber Maureen M. Jonas Philip Rosenthal Parvathi Mohan William F. Balistreri Michael R. Narkewicz Lesley Smith Steven J. Lobritto Stephen Rossi Alexandra Valsamaki | 2011 | Gastroenterology2011，，2： | 2 |
| 12 | Impaired swallowing mechanics of post radiation therapy head and neck cancer patients: A retrospective videofluoroscopic study显示文摘AIM: To determine swallowing outcomes and hyolaryngeal mechanics associated with post radiation therapy head and neck cancer(rt HNC) patients using videofluoroscopic swallow studies. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, video-fluoroscopic images of rt HNC patients(n = 21) were compared with age and gender matched controls(n = 21). Penetration-aspiration of the bolus and bolus residue were measured as swallowing outcome variables. Timing and displacement measurements of the anterior and posterior muscular slings elevating the hyolaryngeal complex were acquired. Coordinate data of anatomical landmarks mapping the action of the anterior muscles(suprahyoid muscles) and posterior muscles(long pharyngeal muscles) were used to calculate the distance measurements, and slice numbers were used to calculate time intervals. Canonical variate analysis with post-hoc discriminant function analysis was performed on coordinate data to determine multivariate mechanics of swallowing associated with treatment. Pharyngeal constriction ratio(PCR) was also measured to determine if weak pharyngeal constriction is associated with post radiation therapy.RESULTS: The rt HNC group was characterized by poor swallowing outcomes compared to the control group in regards to: Penetration-aspiration scale(P < 0.0001), normalized residue ratio scale(NRRS) for the valleculae(P = 0.002) and NRRS for the piriform sinuses(P = 0.003). Timing and distance measurements of the anterior muscular sling were not significantly different in the two groups, whereas for the PMS time of displacement was abbreviated(P = 0.002) and distance of excursion was reduced(P = 0.02) in the rt HNC group. A canonical variate analysis shows a significant reduction in pharyngeal mechanics in the rt HNC group(P < 0.0001). The PCR was significantly higher in the test group than the control group(P = 0.0001) indicating reduced efficiency in pharyngeal clearance. CONCLUSION: Using videofluoroscopy, this study shows rt HNC patients have worse swallowing outcomes associated with reduced hyolaryngeal mechanics and pharyngeal constriction compared with controls. | William G Pearson Jr Alisa A Davidoff Zachary M Smith Dorothy E Adams Susan E Langmore | 2016 | World Journal of Radiology2016，8，2： | 2 |
| 13 | Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association显示文摘 | Scott M. Grundy Ivor J. Benjamin Gregory L. Burke Alan Chait Robert H. Eckel Barbara V. Howard William Mitch Sidney C. Smith James R. Sowers | 1999 | Circulation1999，，10： | 2 |
| 14 | 文化、不平等性与卫生服务提供显示文摘1动态不平等性对基层医疗卫生人力的影响
政治、社会、文化、专业群体皆建立在一致且常规的人类行为之上。当遭受巨大变革和内外压力时,这些群体会变得十分脆弱。尤其在动荡时期,这些群体往往更关注社会和文化的差异性,而非二者的一致性。尽管社会中的个体思维和行为会呈现较大的差异,但对健康的感知具有统一性,并在更广范围人群内尤为突出,这主要归因于文化价值观的作用。广义的文化心态会随着时间和地理位置的不同而不同,就像健康的社会决定因素也会因文化类型的不同而产生差异。 | Napier A D Ancarno C Butler B Calabrese J Chater A Chatterjee H Guesnet F Horne R Jacyna S Jadhav S Macdonald A Neuendorf U Parkhurst A Reynolds R Scambler G Shamdasani S Smith S Z Stougaard-Nielsen J Thomson L Tyler N Volkmann A M Walker T Watson J Williams A C Willott C Wilson J Woolf K | 2016 | 中国卫生政策研究2016，9，3： | 2 |
| 15 | High Detection Rates of Colorectal Neoplasia by Stool DNA Testing With a Novel Digital Melt Curve Assay显示文摘 | Hongzhi Zou William R. Taylor Jonathan J. Harrington Fareeda Taher Nazer Hussain Xiaoming Cao Charles L. Loprinzi Theodore R. Levine Douglas K. Rex Dennis Ahnen Kandice L. Knigge Peter Lance Xuan Jiang David I. Smith David A. Ahlquist | 2009 | Gastroenterology2009，，2： | 2 |
| 16 | A Functional Polymorphism of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Gene Increases Risk of Gastric Carcinoma and Its Precursors显示文摘 | Georgina L. Hold Charles S. Rabkin Wong–Ho Chow Malcolm G. Smith Marilie D. Gammon Harvey A. Risch Thomas L. Vaughan Kenneth E.L. McColl Jolanta Lissowska Witold Zatonski Janet B. Schoenberg William J. Blot N. Ashley G. Mowat Joseph F. Fraumeni Emad M. El | 2007 | Gastroenterology2007，，3： | 2 |
| 17 | Soluble TNF-α receptor 1 and IL-6 plasma levels in humans subjected to the sleep deprivation model of spaceflight显示文摘 | William T. Shearer James M. Reuben Janet M. Mullington Nicholas J. Price Bang-Ning Lee E.O’Brian Smith Martin P. Szuba Hans P.A. Van Dongen David F. Dinges | 2001 | The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology2001，，1： | 2 |
| 18 | Detection of Intracranial Aneurysms: Multi- Detector Row CT Angiography Compared with DSA显示文摘 | William W Mayo- Smith GlennTung etal | 2004 | Radiology2004，230，： | 1 |
| 19 | Comparison of parametric and nonparametric models for traffic flow forecasting显示文摘 | Smith B L Williams B M Keith Oswald R | 2002 | Transportation Research Part C2002，10，： | 1 |
| 20 | Comparison of parametric and nonparametric models for traffic flow forecasting 显示文摘 | Smith B L Williams B M Oswald R K | 2002 | Transportation Research Part C : Emerging Technologies2002，10，4： | 1 |
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