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| 1 | Current status and challenges of typhoon forecasting and warning systems in China显示文摘China is one of the countries most severely suffering from tropical cyclones. The exact and timely forecasting and warning is of significant importance in fighting against tropical cyclones and mitigating their impacts on China. The numerical weather prediction(NWP)system for tropical cyclone rainfall and strong wind is going to play a more and more important role. There is also a need for timely and user friendly modern warning services in order to provide the governments and relevant authorities at all levels and general public with typhoon forecasts and information about the associated disasters and response strategy services. | Duan Yihong | 2014 | Engineering Sciences2014，12，4： | 5 |
| 2 | Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System(ARMS): A New-Generation Satellite Observation Operator Developed for Numerical Weather Prediction and Remote Sensing Applications显示文摘1.Urgent requirements for developing Feng Yun satellite observation operators In the past two decades,satellite measurements have been widely utilized for understanding and predicting weather and climate,and are now an essential component in global observing systems. | Fuzhong WENG Xinwen YU Yihong DUAN Jun YANG Jianjie WANG | 2020 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2020，37，2： | 4 |
| 3 | Potential Impact of Tonga Volcano Eruption on Global Mean Surface Air Temperature显示文摘The undersea volcano,located in the South Pacific island nation of Tonga,violently erupted from 14 to 15 January 2022.The Tonga volcano eruption has aroused extensive discussion in the climate change field.Some climatologists believe that this event will cause little effect on global climate change while others insist that it will trigger“the year without a summer”as the Tambora eruption did in 1815.How will the Tonga volcano eruption affect global climate change?Based on the indices of past volcanic eruptions and the eruption data of El Chichón volcano in 1982,we use a simplified radiation equilibrium model to quantify the stratospheric aerosol radiative forcing and the change in global mean surface air temperature(Ts)caused by the Tonga volcano eruption.The results show that the global average Ts will decrease by about 0.0315-0.1118℃in the next 1-2 years.The Tonga eruption will slightly slow down the global warming in a short period of time,but it will not change the global warming trend in the long term.In addition,we propose a generalized approach for estimating the impact of future volcanic eruption on global mean T_(s). | Hua ZHANG Fei WANG Jian LI Yihong DUAN Congwen ZHU Jingyi HE | 2022 | Journal of Meteorological Research2022，36，1： | 4 |
| 4 | Simulation of Typhoon Muifa using a mesoscale coupled atmosphere–ocean model显示文摘A mesoscale coupled atmosphere–ocean model has been developed based on the GRAPES(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System) regional typhoon model(GRAPES_TYM) and ECOM-si(estuary, coast and ocean model(semi-implicit)). Coupling between the typhoon and ocean models was conducted by exchanging wind stress, heat, moisture fluxes, and sea surface temperatures(SSTs) using the coupler OASIS3.0. Numerical prediction experiments were run with and without coupling for the case of Typhoon Muifa in the western North Pacific. To investigate the impact of using more accurate SST information on the simulation of the track and the intensity of Typhoon Muifa, experiments were also conducted using increased SST resolution in the initial condition field of the control test. The results indicate that increasing SST resolution in the initial condition field somewhat improved the intensity forecast, and use of the coupled model improved the intensity forecast significantly, with mean absolute errors in maximum wind speed within 48 and 72 h reduced by 32% and 20%, respectively. Use of the coupled model also resulted in less pronounced over-prediction of the intensity of Typhoon Muifa by the GRAPES_TYM. Moreover, the effects of using the coupled model on the intensity varied throughout the different stages of the development of Muifa owing to changes in the oceanic mixed layer depth. The coupled model had pronounced effects during the later stage of Muifa but had no obvious effects during the earlier stage. The SSTs predicted by the coupled model decreased by about 5–6°C at most after the typhoon passed, in agreement with satellite data. Furthermore, based on analysis on the sea surface heat flux, wet static energy of the boundary layer, atmospheric temperature, and precipitation forecasted by the coupled model and the control test, the simulation results of this coupled atmosphere–ocean model can be considered to reasonably reflect the primary mechanisms underlying the interactions between tropical cyclones and oceans. | SUN Minghua DUAN Yihong ZHU Jianrong WU Hui ZHANG Jin HUANG Wei | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，11： | 3 |
| 5 | Impacts of TRMM SRR assimilation on the numerical prediction of tropical cyclone显示文摘Impacts of the four-dimensional variation (4DVAR) assimilation of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)/TMI surface rainfall rate (SRR) on the initialization and simulation of TC Danas in 2001 are studied. A number of sensitivity experiments are designed to evaluate the performance of assimilation during the particular stage when Danas developed from a tropical depression towards a typhoon, as well as an abrupt turning. Under the dynamic and thermodynamic constraints of meso-scale model and the 4DVAR, the TRMM SRR data are directly assimilated in high horizontal resolution (18 km). On the basis of the adjustment of initial model field, 4DVAR of TRMM SRR considerably improved the depiction of TC’s structure and rainfall. The same explanation can also be given to the enhancement of simulation on TC’s intensity and track. In comparison with the popular idea of twice steps of SRR assimilation, namely, 4DVAR plus 1DVAR, the retrieval error is expected to be avoided in the procedure of direct 4DVAR. In addition, the TRMM SRR 4DVAR within a high-resolution model can take into account as much information as observed and is expected to be performed in operational use if the observed rainfall data are routinely available. | MA Leiming QIN Zenghao DUAN Yihong LIANG Xudong WANG Dongliang | 2006 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2006，25，5： | 3 |
| 6 | Remote Sensing of Tropical Cyclone Thermal Structure from Satellite Microwave Sounding Instruments: Impacts of Background Profiles on Retrievals显示文摘A variational retrieval system often requires background atmospheric profiles and surface parameters in its minimization process. This study investigates the impacts of specific background profiles on retrievals of tropical cyclone(TC) thermal structure. In our Microwave Retrieval Testbed(MRT), the K-means clustering algorithm is utilized to generate a set of mean temperature and water vapor profiles according to stratiform and convective precipitation in hurricane conditions. The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder(ATMS) observations are then used to select the profiles according to cloud type. It is shown that the cloud-based background profiles result in better hurricane thermal structures retrieved from ATMS observations. Compared to the Global Positioning System(GPS) dropsonde observations, the temperature and specific humidity errors in the TC inner region are less than 3 K and 2.5 g kg^(–1), respectively, which are significantly smaller than the retrievals without using the cloud-based profiles. Further experiments show that all the ATMS observations could retrieve well both temperature and humidity structures, especially within the inner core region. Thus, both temperature and humidity profiles derived from microwave sounding instruments in hurricane conditions can be reliably used for evaluation of the storm intensity with a high fidelity. | Hao HU Fuzhong WENG Yang HAN Yihong DUAN | 2019 | Journal of Meteorological Research2019，33，1： | 3 |
| 7 | Hazard Footprint-Based Normalization of Economic Losses from Tropical Cyclones in China During 1983–2015显示文摘Loss normalization is the prerequisite for understanding the effects of socioeconomic development,vulnerability, and climate changes on the economic losses from tropical cyclones. In China, limited studies have been done on loss normalization methods of damages caused by tropical cyclones, and most of them have adopted an administrative division-based approach to define the exposure levels. In this study, a hazard footprint-based normalization method was proposed to improve the spatial resolution of affected areas and the associated exposures to influential tropical cyclones in China. The meteorological records of precipitation and near-surface wind speed were used to identify the hazard footprint of each influential tropical cyclone. Provincial-level and national-level(total)economic loss normalization(PLN and TLN) were carried out based on the respective hazard footprints, covering loss records between 1999–2015 and 1983–2015, respectively.Socioeconomic factors—inflation, population, and wealth(GDP per capita)—were used to normalize the losses. A significant increasing trend was found in inflation-adjusted losses during 1983–2015, while no significant trend was found after normalization with the TLN method. The proposed hazard footprint-based method contributes to amore realistic estimation of the population and wealth affected by the influential tropical cyclones for the original year and the present scenario. | Wenfang Chen Yi Lu Shao Sun Yihong Duan Gregor C.Leckebusch | 2018 | International Journal of Disaster Risk Science2018，9，2： | 2 |
| 8 | Super Typhoon Hinnamnor(2022)with a Record-Breaking Lifespan over the Western North Pacific显示文摘Super Typhoon Hinnamnor(2022)was a rare and unique western North Pacific typhoon,and throughout its lifespan,it exhibited all of the major features that pose current challenges in typhoon research.Specifically,during different stages of its lifespan,it experienced a sudden change of track,underwent rapid intensification,interacted and merged with another vortex,expanded in size,underwent rapid weakening,produced a strong cold wake,exhibited eyewall replacement,and underwent extratropical transition.Therefore,a timely identification and review of these features of Hinnamnor(2022),as reported in this article,will help update and enrich the case sets for each of these scientific issues and provide a background for more in-depth mechanistic studies of typhoon track,intensity,and structural changes in the future.We also believe that Hinnamnor(2022)can serve as an excellent benchmark to quickly evaluate the overall performance of different numerical models in predicting typhoon’s track,intensity,and structural changes. | Qian WANG Dajun ZHAO Yihong DUAN Shoude GUAN Lin DONG Hongxiong XU Hui WANG | 2023 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2023，40，9： | 2 |
| 9 | Analysis of an Ensemble of High-Resolution WRF Simulations for the Rapid Intensification of Super Typhoon Rammasun(2014)显示文摘Diagnostics are presented from an ensemble of high-resolution forecasts that differed markedly in their predictions of the rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Rammasun.We show that the basic difference stems from subtle differences in initializations of(a)500-850-h Pa environmental winds,and(b)midlevel moisture and ventilation.We then describe how these differences impact on the evolving convective organization,storm structure,and the timing of RI.As expected,ascent,diabatic heating and the secondary circulation near the inner-core are much stronger in the member that best forecasts the RI.The evolution of vortex cloudiness from this member is similar to the actual imagery,with the development of an inner cloud band wrapping inwards to form the eyewall.We present evidence that this structure,and hence the enhanced diabatic heating,is related to the tilt and associated dynamics of the developing inner-core in shear.For the most accurate ensemble member:(a)inhibition of ascent and a reduction in convection over the up-shear sector allow moistening of the boundary-layer air,which is transported to the down-shear sector to feed a developing convective asymmetry;(b)with minimal ventilation,undiluted clouds and moisture from the down-shear left quadrant are then wrapped inwards to the up-shear left quadrant to form the eyewall cloud;and(c)this process seems related to a critical down-shear tilt of the vortex from midlevels,and the vertical phase-locking of the circulation over up-shear quadrants.For the member that forecasts a much-delayed RI,these processes are inhibited by stronger vertical wind shear,initially resulting in poor vertical coherence of the circulation,lesser moisture and larger ventilation.Our analysis suggests that ensemble prediction is needed to account for the sensitivity of forecasts to a relatively narrow range of environmental wind shear,moisture and vortex inner-structure. | Xun LI Noel EDAVIDSON Yihong DUAN Kevin JTORY Zhian SUN Qinbo CAI | 2020 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2020，37，2： | 2 |
| 10 | An Observational Study of Typhoon Imbudo in 2003显示文摘Typhoon Imbudo was a super-typhoon over the northwestern Pacific in 2003. It caused tremendous damage when it made landfalls in the Philippines and China. This paper documents observational analyses of Typhoon Imbudo during its landfall in China. All available observations are used to study its motion, intensity changes, convection, structure and precipitation. Best-track data indicate that Imbudo moved west-northwestward until 1800 UTC 23 July and then turned northwestward. FNL (final) analysis data show that the motion of Imbudo is dominated by changes of the subtropical high. At Imbudo's mature stage, the minimum sea level pressure dropped to 910 hPa and the maximum sustained winds were as high as 67 m s 1, which is the intensity of a super-typhoon. The surface wind field exhibited asymmetric characteristics. Polar-orbiting satellite imagery also manifested convective asymmetry before Imbudo made landfall in China. Analyzed the vertical wind shear, it is shown that the convection has a downshear-left pattern. All kinds of precipitation data were used to identify the asymmetric characteristic of the rainfall associated with the Imbudo. The maximum rainfalls were located in the southern boundary area between Guangxi and Guangdong. However, the lack of in situ observations limited further analyses of this typhoon. | LI Qingqing FU Gang GUO Jingtian YANG Yuqiang DUAN Yihong | 2005 | Journal of Ocean University of China2005，4，4： | 1 |
| 11 | The role of p-effect of planetary vorticity gradient and uniform current on the change in tropical cyclone intensity显示文摘 | DUAN Yihong WU Rongsheng YU Hui | 2004 | Adv Atmos Sci2004，21，1： | 1 |
| 12 | A High-resolution Simulation of Supertyphoon Rammasun(2014)--Part Ⅰ:Model Verification and Surface Energetics Analysis显示文摘A 72-h high-resolution simulation of Supertyphoon Rammasun(2014) is performed using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model. The model covers an initial 18-h spin-up, the 36-h rapid intensification(RI)period in the northern South China Sea, and the 18-h period of weakening after landfall. The results show that the model reproduces the track, intensity, structure of the storm, and environmental circulations reasonably well. Analysis of the surface energetics under the storm indicates that the storm's intensification is closely related to the net energy gain rate(ε_g), defined as the difference between the energy production(P_D) due to surface entropy flux and the energy dissipation(D_S) due to surface friction near the radius of maximum wind(RMW). Before and during the RI stage, the ε_g is high, indicating sufficient energy supply for the storm to intensify. However, the εg decreases rapidly as the storm quickly intensifies, because the D_S increases more rapidly than the P_D near the RMW. By the time the storm reaches its peak intensity, the D_S is about 20%larger than the P_D near the RMW, leading to a local energetics deficit under the eyewall. During the mature stage, the P_D and D_S can reach a balance within a radius of 86 km from the storm center(about 2.3 times the RMW). This implies that the local P_D under the eyewall is not large enough to balance the D_S, and the radially inward energy transport from outside the eyewall must play an important role in maintaining the storm's intensity, as well as its intensification. | Xinghai ZHANG Yihong DUAN Yuqing WANG Na WEI Hao HU | 2017 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2017，34，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Observations of a heavy rainfall event in Shanghai on 5 August 2001显示文摘 | Fu Gang Duan Yihong Liang Xudong | 2004 | Journal of Meteorology Society of Japan2004，82，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Tropical cyclone intensity change from a simple ocean-atmosphere coupled model 显示文摘 | Johnny C L Chan Yihong Duan Lynn K Shay | 2001 | J Atmos Sci2001，58，： | 1 |
| 15 | A calibration method for paracatadioptric camera from sphere images显示文摘 | Duan Huixian Wu Yihong | 2012 | Pattern Recognition Letters2012，33，6： | 1 |
| 16 | A new era of China-Germany joint research exploring the climate mystery of Earth显示文摘China and Germany have a long history of collaborating in the Earth sciences. One example is the collaborative work in plumbing the mysteries of climate in China. German geographer Prof. Dr. Ferdinand von Richthofen led the first scientific expedition of the Loess Plateau and Lop Nur during the 1870s. The expedition established the theory of the eolian origin of the plateau. The term'Silk Road'('die Seidenstrasse' in German) was also coined by Prof. | Tianjun Zhou Jung Luterbacher Shaohong Wu Chao Li Qingchen Chao Xiao Cheng Yihong Duan Jian Li Bjorn Stevens Sebastian Voigt Yuanhang Zhang Xunhua Zheng Liwei Zou | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，23： | 1 |
| 17 | The Role of β- effect and a uniform current on tropical cyclone intensity显示文摘 | Duan Yihong WU Rongsheng YU Hui | 2004 | Adv Atmos Sci2004，21，： | 1 |
| 18 | Microphysical Properties of Rainwater in Typhoon Usagi(2013):A Numerical Modeling Study显示文摘A 2-km resolution simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Morrison microphysics was employed to investigate the rainwater microphysical properties during different stages of Typhoon Usagi(2013) in the inner-core and outer region. The model reproduced the track, intensity, and overall structure of Usagi(2013) reasonably. The simulated raindrop size distribution showed a rapid increase in small-size raindrop concentration but an oscillated decrease in large-size ones in the inner-core region, corresponding well with the upward motion. It was found that there existed two levels(1.25 and 5.25 km) of maximum number concentration of raindrops. The ice-related microphysics at high levels was stronger than the warm-rain processes at low levels. The larger raindrops formed by self-collection in the inner-core suffered from significant breakup, but the raindrops outside the eyewall did not experience evident breakup. Model results indicated that the dominant terms in the water vapor budget were the horizontal moisture flux convergence(HFC) and local condensation and deposition. The evaporation from the ocean surface(PBL) was ~10% of the HFC in the inner core, but up to 40% in the outer region as the air therein was far from saturation. Furthermore, water vapor in the outer region was obtained equally through evaporation from the cloud and inward transportation from the environment. An earlier start of cloud microphysical processes in the inner-core region was evident during the intensification stage, and the continuous decreasing of condensation in both the inner-core and outer regions might imply the beginning of the storm weakening. | Lin DENG Wenhua GAO Yihong DUAN Yuqing WANG | 2019 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2019，36，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Tropical cyclone intensity change from a simple ocean-atmosphere coupled model显示文摘 | Johnny C L Chan Yihong Duan Lynn K Shay | 2001 | J Atmos Sci2001，58，： | 1 |
| 20 | Protective efficacy of Shenge San(参蛤散) on mitochondria in H9c2 cardiomyocytes显示文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-coactivator-1α/nuclear respiratory factor 1(PGC-1α/NRF1) activity can protect mitochondrial function in the setting of cardiac hypertrophy and improve cardiomyocyte energy metabolism. METHODS: Cardiac hypertrophy was modeled in H9c2 cells treated with isoproterenol(ISO) to assess the effects of Shenge San( 参 蛤 散, SGS) on cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential. We assessed mitochondrial complex m RNA levels and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation factor m RNA and protein levels. RESULTS: Compared with the 100 μM ISO group, cell size was significantly decreased in the 0.3 mg/m L SGS and 20 μM ZLN005(PGC-1α activator) groups(P < 0.01). Compared with the SGS(0.3) +ISO group, we observed lower phosphorylated adenosine monophosphateactivated kinase(AMPK) protein levels in the ISO and ZLN005+SGS+ISO groups(P < 0.01). Compared with the compound C group, SGS significantly increased PGC-1α expression in ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy cells(P < 0.01), and this was inhibited by compound C pretreatment(P < 0.05). Compared with the ISO group, the mitochondrial red-green fluorescence ratio increased in the 0.3 mg/m L SGS group(P < 0.05). m RNA levels of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1(CO1) in the ISO and compound C groups were lower than those in control group(P < 0.01), and the m RNA levels of CO1 and ATP8 were significantly lower in the ISO and compound C groups versus control(P < 0.01). Compared with the SGS(0.3) +ISO group, ATP synthetase subunit 8(ATP8) m RNA was significantly decreased in the ISO group(P < 0.01) and compound C+SGS+ISO group(P < 0.05). Compared with the SGS(0.3) +ISO group, NRF1 m RNA levels were significantly decreased(P < 0.05) in the ISO and compound C+SGS+ISO groups. CONCLUSIONS: SGS can attenuate ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, restore the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, and upregulate PGC-1α/NRF1 levels. Notably, these effects can be blocked by AMPK inhibitor-compound C. | ZHU Lingyan WEI Yihong WANG Youhua YANG Jianmei LI Jiawei CAO Min ZHOU Duan | 2022 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2022，42，6： | 0 |
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