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| 1 | Towards 6G wireless communication networks:vision,enabling technologies,and new paradigm shifts显示文摘The fifth generation(5G)wireless communication networks are being deployed worldwide from 2020 and more capabilities are in the process of being standardized,such as mass connectivity,ultra-reliability,and guaranteed low latency.However,5G will not meet all requirements of the future in 2030 and beyond,and sixth generation(6G)wireless communication networks are expected to provide global coverage,enhanced spectral/energy/cost efficiency,better intelligence level and security,etc.To meet these requirements,6G networks will rely on new enabling technologies,i.e.,air interface and transmission technologies and novel network architecture,such as waveform design,multiple access,channel coding schemes,multi-antenna technologies,network slicing,cell-free architecture,and cloud/fog/edge computing.Our vision on 6G is that it will have four new paradigm shifts.First,to satisfy the requirement of global coverage,6G will not be limited to terrestrial communication networks,which will need to be complemented with non-terrestrial networks such as satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)communication networks,thus achieving a space-airground-sea integrated communication network.Second,all spectra will be fully explored to further increase data rates and connection density,including the sub-6GHz,millimeter wave(mmWave),terahertz(THz),and optical frequency bands.Third,facing the big datasets generated by the use of extremely heterogeneous networks,diverse communication scenarios,large numbers of antennas,wide bandwidths,and new service requirements,6G networks will enable a new range of smart applications with the aid of artificial intelligence(AI)and big data technologies.Fourth,network security will have to be strengthened when developing 6G networks.This article provides a comprehensive survey of recent advances and future trends in these four aspects.Clearly,6G with additional technical requirements beyond those of 5G will enable faster and further communications to the extent that the boundary between physical and cyber worlds disappears. | Xiaohu YOU Cheng-Xiang WANG Jie HUANG Xiqi GAO Zaichen ZHANG Mao WANG Yongming HUANG Chuan ZHANG Yanxiang JIANG Jiaheng WANG Min ZHU Bin SHENG Dongming WANG Zhiwen PAN Pengcheng ZHU Yang YANG Zening LIU Ping ZHANG Xiaofeng TAO Shaoqian LI Zhi CHEN Xinying MA Chih-Lin I Shuangfeng HAN Ke LI Chengkang PAN Zhimin ZHENG Lajos HANZO Xuemin(Sherman)SHEN Yingjie Jay GUO Zhiguo DING Harald HAAS Wen TONG Peiying ZHU Ganghua YANG Jun WANG Erik GLARSSON Hien Quoc NGO Wei HONG Haiming WANG Debin HOU Jixin CHEN Zhe CHEN Zhangcheng HAO Geoffrey Ye LI Rahim TAFAZOLLI Yue GAO HVincent POOR Gerhard P.FETTWEIS Ying-Chang LIANG | 2021 | Science China(Information Sciences)2021，64，1： | 122 |
| 2 | Crustal structure of the northeastern Tibetan plateau,the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin from ambient noise tomography显示文摘We apply ambient noise tomography to significant seismic data resources in a region including the northeastern Tibetan plateau,the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin.The seismic data come from about 160 stations of the provincial broadband digital seismograph networks of China.Ambient noise cross-correlations are performed on the data recorded between 2007 and 2009 and high quality inter-station Rayleigh phase velocity dispersion curves are obtained between periods of 6 s to 35 s.Resulting Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps possess a lateral resolution between 100 km and 200 km.The phase velocities at short periods (<20 s) are lower in the Sichuan basin,the northwest segment of the Ordos block and the Weihe graben,and outline sedimentary deposits.At intermediate and long periods (>25 s),strong high velocity anomalies are observed within the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin and low phase velocities are imaged in the northeastern Tibetan plateau,reflecting the variation of crustal thickness from the Tibetan plateau to the neighboring regions in the east.Crustal and uppermost mantle shear wave velocities vary strongly between the Tibetan plateau,the Sichuan basin and the Ordos block.The Ordos block and the Sichuan basin are dominated by high shear wave velocities in the crust and uppermost mantle.There is a triangle-shaped low velocity zone located in the northeastern Tibetan plateau,whose width narrows towards the eastern margin of the plateau.No low velocity zone is apparent beneath the Qinling orogen,suggesting that mass may not be able to flow eastward through the boundary between the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin in the crust and uppermost mantle. | Yong Zheng Yingjie Yang Michael H. Ritzwoller Xiufen Zheng Xiong Xiong Zuning Li | 2010 | Earthquake Science2010，23，5： | 43 |
| 3 | 芦山与汶川地震震区地壳上地幔结构及深部孕震环境显示文摘雅安芦山Mw6.6级地震,是汶川7.9级地震之后龙门山地区的又一次强震,给当地的社会经济发展和生态环境带来了巨大的破坏.本文借助全国地震台网连续波形数据,使用背景噪声层析成像方法和远震接收函数分析方法,获得了震区及其周边地区精细的S波速度结构和地壳厚度、泊松比分布情况,进而分析了龙门山断裂带及邻区深部孕震环境.研究结果发现:(1)龙门山断裂带两侧剪切波速度和地壳厚度有非常显著的差异;(2)芦山和汶川地震均位于地壳厚度和波速结构变化剧烈之处,断层的破裂面和余震的分布均处于地震波横向速度梯度和地壳厚度的横向梯度跳变的地区;地震深度处于从均匀波速结构向非均匀波速结构过渡区域;(3)汶川地震及其余震发生在泊松比较低的地区,而芦山地震及其余震发生在高泊松比的地区.我们推测,横向的显著速度变化,以及地壳厚度和地形高度的巨大差异所产生的重力势能等作用可能在一定程度上构造成了龙门山断裂系上大地震的孕震环境,而龙门山断裂带南北段岩石泊松比的差别,可能是导致汶川地震余震空间分布和芦山地震延后5年发生的原因. | 郑勇 葛粲 谢祖军 YingJie YANG 熊熊 许厚泽 | 2013 | 中国科学:地球科学2013，43，6： | 40 |
| 4 | Crustal and upper mantle structure and the deep seismogenic environment in the source regions of the Lushan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake显示文摘Following the M w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, the M w 6.6 Lushan earthquake is another devastating earthquake that struck the Longmenshan Fault Zone (LFZ) and caused severe damages. In this study, we collected continuous broadband ambient noise seismic data and earthquake event data from Chinese provincial digital seismic network, and then utilized ambient noise tomography method and receiver function method to obtain high resolution shear wave velocity structure, crustal thickness, and Poisson ratio in the earthquake source region and its surroundings. Based on the tomography images and the receiver function results, we further analyzed the deep seismogenic environment of the LFZ and its neighborhood. We reveal three main findings: (1) There is big contrast of the shear wave velocities across the LFZ. (2) Both the Lushan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred in the regions where crustal shear wave velocity and crustal thickness change dramatically. The rupture faults and the aftershock zones are also concentrated in the areas where the lateral gradients of crustal seismic wave speed and crustal thickness change significantly, and the focal depths of the earthquakes are concentrated in the transitional depths where shear wave velocities change dramatically from laterally uniform to laterally non-uniform. (3) The Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershocks occurred in low Poisson ratio region, while the Lushan earthquake sequences are located in high Poisson ratio zone. We proposed that the effect of the dramatic lateral variation of shear wave velocity, and the gravity potential energy differences caused by the big contrast in the topography and the crustal thickness across the LFZ may constitute the seismogenic environment for the strong earthquakes in the LFZ, and the Poisson ratio difference between the rocks in the south and north segments of the Longmenshan Fault zone may explain the 5 years delay of the occurrence of the Lushan earthquake than the Wenchuan earthquake. | ZHENG Yong GE Can XIE ZuJun YANG YingJie XIONG Xiong HSU HouTze | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，7： | 37 |
| 5 | Three dimensional shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath China from ambient noise surface wave tomography显示文摘We determine the three-dimensional shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in China using Green's functions obtained from seismic ambient noise cross-correlation.The data we use are from the China National Seismic Network,global and regional networks and PASSCAL stations in the region.We first acquire cross-correlation seismograms between all possible station pairs.We then measure the Rayleigh wave group and phase dispersion curves using a frequency-time analysis method from 8 s to 60 s.After that,Rayleigh wave group and phase velocity dispersion maps on 1° by 1° spatial grids are obtained at different periods.Finally,we invert these maps for the 3-D shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath China at each grid node.The inversion results show large-scale structures that correlate well with surface geology.Near the surface,velocities in major basins are anomalously slow,consistent with the thick sediments.East-west contrasts are striking in Moho depth.There is also a fast mid-to-lower crust and mantle lithosphere beneath the major basins surrounding the Tibetan plateau (TP) and Tianshan (Junggar,Tarim,Ordos,and Sichuan).These strong blocks,therefore,appear to play an important role in confining the deformation of the TP and constraining its geometry to form its current triangular shape.In northwest TP in Qiangtang,slow anomalies extend from the crust to the mantle lithosphere.Meanwhile,widespread,a prominent low-velocity zone is observed in the middle crust beneath most of the central,eastern and southeastern Tibetan plateau,consistent with a weak (and perhaps mobile) middle crust. | Xinlei Sun Xiaodong Song Sihua Zheng Yingjie Yang Michael H. Ritzwoller | 2010 | Earthquake Science2010，23，5： | 28 |
| 6 | Molecular mechanisms of "off-on switch" of activities of human IDH1 by tumor-associated mutation R132H显示文摘人的 cytosolic NADP-IDH (IDH1 ) 最近被发现了涉及 tumorigenesis。尤其是,到目前为止识别的导出肿瘤的 IDH1 变化主要发生在 Arg132,和变化 R132H 是最流行的。这个变化损害酶的氧化 IDH 活动,但是显示把伪 - ketoglutarate (伪 K G ) 变换成 2-hydroxyglutarate 的新减小功能。这里,我们报导有或没有 isocitrate (ICT ) 的 R132H 变异的 IDH1 的结构跳了。和 mutagenesis 的结构的数据和生物化学的数据揭示一个以前未定义的起始的 ICT 有约束力的状态并且证明那项 IDH 活动要求一个 conformational 变化到一关门预先转移状态。Arg132 在催化反应起多重功能的作用;特别地, R132H 变化从起始的 ICT 有约束力的状态妨碍 conformational 变化到预先转移状态,导致 IDH 活动的缺陷。我们的结果第一次描述那有中间的符合构造,对应于一个起始的 ICT 有约束力的状态并且 R132H 变化能在这符合构造套住酶,因此使潜在地肿瘤镇压的 IDH 活动的鈥渙f f 开关鈥 ? 的分子的机制清楚些。而且,我们为获得的 伪K G 减小活动证明了 Tyr139 的必要性并且建议 Tyr139 可以由从 NADPH 在一个氢化物阴离子的转移期间在 伪K G 的 C2 原子上补偿增加的否定费用到 伪K G 起一个重要作用,它提供新卓见进 鈥渙n 开关鈥?的机制假设地由这个变化的 IDH1 的 oncogenic 减小活动。 | Bei Yang Chen Zhong Yingjie Peng Zheng Lai Jianping Ding | 2010 | Cell Research2010，20，11： | 11 |
| 7 | Influence of Processing Conditions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Large Thin-Wall Centrifugal Ti–6Al–4V Casting显示文摘在这个工作,包括张力的静电干扰和扔的大薄墙的圆柱的 Ti-6Al-4V 的损坏忍耐性质,温度并且热均衡说的紧迫(HIPping ) 在微结构特征和机械性质上处理的模子预热的效果被学习了。试验性的结果显示出那,增加的模子预热从 673 的温度到 873K,扔的微观结构从 Widmanst 的混合物变化 ? tten 和殖民地微观结构到一个主要殖民地。厚墙节的中心比边和薄节有相对粗糙的微观结构。更低的模子预热温度引起更多的孔。HIPping 过程,它不仅有效地减少扔的毛孔而且增加优先的谷物边界结合并且变粗微观结构,对改进扔的韧性必要。由于表面上的氧污染和更好的微观结构,生气的节上的微坚硬的侧面从表面介绍一个减少的趋势给内部。为预热的不同模子的反应层的厚度温度将近一样(~ 450 畃洠捩潲 ' 跍?湩琠敨戠楬摮栠汯? 楷桴愠搠慩敭整 ? 景 ? 0? | Xin Feng Jianke Qiu Yingjie Ma Jiafeng Lei Yuyou Cui Xinhua Wu Rui Yang | 2016 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2016，32，4： | 9 |
| 8 | Ce-doped LiNi_(1/3)Co_((1/3-x/3))Mn_(1/3)Ce_(x/3)O_2 cathode materials for use in lithium ion batteries显示文摘LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 and Ce-doped LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials were synthesized by a co-precipitation method and solid phase synthesis and characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results indicated that the resultant cathode materials with different Ce content all had a good layer structure and high crystallinity.Electrochemical performance testing of the cathode materials showed that the discharge capacity increased with increasing Ce content while the initial reversible capacity attenuation decreased with Ce doping.When the Ce content of the cathode materials is x=0.2,and the current charge and discharge rate is a constant 0.2 C,the discharge capacity maintained 91% of its initial capacity after cycling 50 times. | ZHANG YingJie XIA ShuBiao ZHANG YanNan DONG Peng YAN Yuxing YANG RuiMing | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，32： | 8 |
| 9 | The role of transcriptional factor D-site-binding protein in circadian CCL2 gene expression in anti-Thy1 nephritis显示文摘Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN)is an inflammatory disease,but both the nature of disease progression and its regulation remain unclear.In the present study,we monitored the course of anti-Thy1 nephritis from days 1 to 5 and established gene expression profiles at each time point using microarrays to explore the development of inflammation.According to the gene expression profiles,macrophage infiltration(triggered by CCL2 activation)was evident on day 1 and enhanced inflammation over the next few days.We screened for genes with expression levels similar to CCL2 and found that the upregulation of the circadian gene albumin D-site-binding protein(DBP)was involved in CCL2 activation in mesangial cells.More importantly,CCL2 expression showed oscillatory changes similar to DBP,and DBP induced peak CCL2 expression at 16:00 a clock on day 1 in the anti-Thy1 nephritis model.We knocked down DBP through transfection with a small interfering RNA(siRNA)and used RNA sequencing to identify the DBP-regulated TNF-α-CCL2 pathway.We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-Seq)and the dual luciferase assay to show that DBP bound to the TRIM55 promoter,regulating gene expression and in turn controlling the TNF-α-CCL2 pathway.In conclusion,DBP-regulated circadian CCL2 expression by the TRIM55-TNF pathway in injured mesangial cells at an early stage,which promoted macrophage recruitment and in turn triggered infiltration and inflammation in a model of anti-Thy1 nephritis. | Yang Lu Yan Mei Lei Chen Lingling Wu Xu Wang Yingjie Zhang Bo Fu Xizhao Chen Yuansheng Xie Guangyan Cai Xueyuan Bai Qinggang Li Xiangmei Chen | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，9： | 7 |
| 10 | The kinase AKT1 potentiates the suppressive functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in inflammation and cancer显示文摘Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)are a group of heterogeneous cells1 that play crucial negative regulatory roles in immune-associated diseases,including infections,2 cancer,3 transplantation4,and autoimmunity.5 We and others have shown that mTOR signaling and its downstream metabolic pathways regulate MDSC recruitment and function in inflammation and autoimmunity. | Anna Jia Yuexin Wang Yufei Wang Yan Li Qiuli Yang Yejin Cao Ying He Lin Dong Yingjie Dong Yueru Hou Ruoning Wang Yujing Bi Guangwei Liu | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，4： | 7 |
| 11 | Temperature-gradient induced microstructure evolution in heat-affected zone of electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy显示文摘The heat-affected zone(HAZ) of electron beam welded(EBW) joint normally undergoes a unique heat-treating process consisting of rapid temperature rising and dropping stages, resulting in temperature-gradient in HAZ as a function of the distance to fusion zone(FZ). In the current work,microstructure, elements distribution and crystallographic orientation of three parts(near base material(BM) zone, mid-HAZ and near-FZ) in the HAZ of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were systematically investigated. The microstructure observation revealed that the microstructural variation from near-BM to near-FZ included the reduction of primary α(αp) grains, the increase of transformed β structure(βt) and the formation of various α structures. The rim-α, dendritic α and abnormal secondary α(αs) colonies formed in the mid-HAZ, while the 'ghost' structures grew in the near-FZ respectively. The electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA) and electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD) technologies were employed to evaluate the elements diffusion and texture evolution during the unique thermal process of welding. The formation of the various α structures in the HAZ were discussed based on the EPMA and EBSD results. Finally, the nanoindentation hardness of 'ghost' structures was presented and compared with nearby βt regions. | Shilin Zhang Yingjie Ma Sensen Huang Sabry S.Youssef Min Qi Hao Wang Jianke Qiu Jiafeng Lei Rui Yang | 2019 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2019，35，8： | 6 |
| 12 | Differential gene expression analysis of ‘Chili’ (Pyrus bretschneideri) fruit pericarp with two types of bagging treatments显示文摘Preharvest bagging is a simple,grower-friendly and safe physical protection technique commonly applied to many fruits,and the application of different fruit bags can have various effects.To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the fruit quality effects of different bagging treatments,digital gene expression(DGE)profiling of bagged and unbagged‘Chili’(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)pear pericarp during development was performed.Relative to unbagged fruit,a total of 3022 and 769 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected in the polyethylene(PE)-bagged and non-woven fabric-bagged fruit,respectively.DEGs annotated as photosynthesis-antenna proteins and photosynthesis metabolism pathway were upregulated in non-woven fabric-bagged fruit but downregulated in the PE-bagged fruit.Non-woven fabric bagging inhibited lignin synthesis in‘Chili’pear pericarp by downregulating DEGs involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis;consequently,the fruit lenticels in non-woven fabric-bagged fruit were smaller than those in the other treatments.The results indicate that the non-woven fabric bagging method has a positive effect on the appearance of‘Chili’pear fruit but neither of the two bagging treatments is conducive to the accumulation of soluble sugar. | Yuling Wang Xinfu Zhang Ran Wang Yingxin Bai Chenglian Liu Yongbing Yuan Yingjie Yang Shaolan Yang | 2017 | Horticulture Research2017，4，1： | 6 |
| 13 | Overexpression of IbPAL1 promotes chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in sweetpotato显示文摘Sweetpotato[Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.],a food crop with both nutritional and medicinal uses,plays essential roles in food security and health-promoting.Chlorogenic acid(CGA),a polyphenol displaying several bioactivities,is distributed in all edible parts of sweetpotato.However,little is known about the specific metabolism of CGA in sweetpotato.In this study,IbPAL1,which encodes an endoplasmic reticulum-localized phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL),was isolated and characterized in sweetpotato.CGA accumulation was positively associated with the expression pattern of IbPAL1 in a tissue-specific manner,as further demonstrated by overexpression of IbPAL1.Overexpression of IbPAL1 promoted CGA accumulation and biosynthetic pathway genes expression in leaves,stimulated secondary xylem cell expansion in stems,and inhibited storage root formation.Our results support a potential role for IbPAL1 in sweetpotato CGA biosynthesis and establish a theoretical foundation for detailed mechanism research and nutrient improvement in sweetpotato breeding programs. | Yang Yu Yingjie Wang Yue Yu Peiyong Ma Zhaodong Jia Xiaoding Guo Yizhi Xie Xiaofeng Bian | 2021 | The Crop Journal2021，9，1： | 5 |
| 14 | Active/passive Q-switching operation of 2 μm Tm,Ho:YAP laser with an acousto-optical Q-switch/MoS_2 saturable absorber mirror显示文摘The active/passive Q-switching operation of a 2 μm a-cut Tm,Ho:YAP laser was experimentally demonstrated with an acousto-optical Q–switch∕MoS_2 saturable absorber mirror. The active Q-switch laser was operated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, with an average output power of 12.3 W and a maximum pulse energy of 10.3 mJ. The passive Q-switch laser was also the first acquired with an average output power of 3.3 W and per pulse energy of 23.31 μJ, and the beam quality factors of M_x^2 = 1.06 and M_y^2 = 1.06 were measured at the average output power of 2 W. | LINJUN LI XINING YANG LONG ZHOU WENQIANG XIE YUNLONG WANG YINGJIE SHEN YUQIANG YANG WENLONG YANG WEI WANG ZHIWEI LV XIAOMING DUAN MINGHUA CHEN | 2018 | Photonics Research2018，6，6： | 5 |
| 15 | Technique for image fusion based on non-subsampled contourlet transform domain improved NMF显示文摘To overcome the problem of multi-sensor image fusion,a technique for image fusion based on non-subsampled contourlet transform(NSCT) domain improved nonnegative matrix factorization(NMF) is presented.Firstly,by using NSCT,multi-scale and multi-direction sparse decompositions of source images are performed.Then,an improved NMF technique is utilized to complete the fusion of low-frequency sub-images.The low-frequency fused image can be produced fast by the process which does not involve the randomization of the vectors W and H at all,in addition,the fusion course of high-frequency sub-images can be dealt with by use of the model of adaptive unit-fast-linking pulse coupled neural network(AUFLPCNN).Finally,the ultimate fused image can be obtained by synthesizing all sub-images with inverse NSCT.The simulated experiments show that the technique is effective. | KONG WeiWei LEI YingJie LEI Yang ZHANG Jie | 2010 | Science China(Information Sciences)2010，53，12： | 5 |
| 16 | Engineering Ruthenium-Based Electrocatalysts for Effective Hydrogen Evolution Reaction显示文摘The investigation of highly effective,durable,and cost-effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is a prerequisite for the upcoming hydrogen energy society.To establish a new hydrogen energy system and gradually replace the traditional fossil-based energy,electrochemical water-splitting is considered the most promising,environmentally friendly,and efficient way to produce pure hydrogen.Compared with the commonly used platinum(Pt)-based catalysts,ruthenium(Ru)is expected to be a good alternative because of its similar hydrogen bonding energy,lower water decomposition barrier,and considerably lower price.Analyzing and revealing the HER mechanisms,as well as identifying a rational design of Ru-based HER catalysts with desirable activity and stability is indispensable.In this review,the research progress on HER electrocatalysts and the relevant describing parameters for HER performance are briefly introduced.Moreover,four major strategies to improve the performance of Ru-based electrocatalysts,including electronic effect modulation,support engineering,structure design,and maximum utilization(single atom)are discussed.Finally,the challenges,solutions and prospects are highlighted to prompt the practical applications of Rubased electrocatalysts for HER. | Yingjie Yang Yanhui Yu Jing Li Qingrong Chen Yanlian Du Peng Rao Ruisong Li Chunman Jia Zhenye Kang Peilin Deng Yijun Shen Xinlong Tian | 2021 | Nano-Micro Letters2021，13，10： | 5 |
| 17 | Physiological diversity of orchids显示文摘The Orchidaceae is a diverse and wide spread family of flowering plants that are of great value in ornamental, medical, conservation, and evolutionary research. The broad diversity in morphology,growth form, life history, and habitat mean that the members of Orchidaceae exhibit various physiological properties. Epiphytic orchids are often characterized by succulent leaves with thick cell walls,cuticles, and sunken stomata, whereas terrestrial orchids possess rhizomes, corms, or tubers. Most orchids have a long juvenile period, slow growth rate, and low photosynthetic capacity. This reduced photosynthetic potential can be largely explained by CO_2 diffusional conductance and leaf internal structure. The amount of light required for plant survival depends upon nutritional mode, growth form,and habitat. Most orchids can adapt to their light environments through morphological and physiological adjustments but are sensitive to sudden changes in irradiance. Orchids that originate from warm regions are susceptible to chilling temperatures, whereas alpine members are vulnerable to high temperatures.For epiphytic orchids, rapid water uptake by the velamen radicum, water storage in their pseudobulbs and leaves, slow water loss, and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism contribute to plant-water balance and tolerance to drought stress. The presence of the velamen radicum and mycorrhizal fungi may compensate for the lack of root hairs, helping with quick absorbance of nutrients from the atmosphere.Under cultivation conditions, the form and concentration of nitrogen affect orchid growth and flowering.However, the limitations of nitrogen and phosphorous on epiphytic orchids in the wild, which require these plants to depend on mycorrhizal fungi for nutrients throughout the entire life cycle, are not clearly understood. Because they lack endosperm, seed germination depends upon obtaining nutrients via mycorrhizal fungi. Adult plants of some autotrophic orchids also gain carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other elements from their mycorrhizal partners. Future studies should examine the mechanisms that determine slow growth and flower induction, the physiological causes of variations in flowering behavior and floral lifespan, the effects of nutrients and atmospheric-nitrogen deposition, and practical applications of mycorrhizal fungi in orchid cultivation. | Shibao Zhang Yingjie Yang Jiawei Li Jiao Qin Wei Zhang Wei Huang Hong Hu | 2018 | Plant Diversity2018，40，4： | 5 |
| 18 | Chromosome doubling of Sedum alfredii Hance: A novel approach for improving phytoremediation efficiency显示文摘Sedum alfredii Hance is a cadmium(Cd)/zinc(Zn)hyperaccumulator native to China.However,its relatively low biomass restricted the large-scale application for heavy metal contamination remediation.The chromosome set doubling of S.alfredii in vitro was achieved by 0.1%–0.2%(W/V)colchicine treatment.The plant DNA ploidy was analyzed by flow cytometry and chromosome set doubling plants(CSD)were identified based on the obvious different sharp peak.A tissue culture experiment with different Cd treated levels and a field trial with natural polluted mined soil were conducted to study the effects of chromosome doubling on plant biomass and Cd accumulation in shoots.The results suggested that S.alfredii is a mixoploid.Compared with the wild type plants(WT),CSD exhibited typical'gigas'characteristics in morphology including stem thickness,root hair production,number of leaves and size of stoma guard cell.Fresh weight and dry weight of CSD were increased to 1.62–2.03-fold and 2.26–3.25-fold of WT.And Cd content of CSD showed a17.49%–42.82%increase and 59%increase under tissue culture and field condition,accordingly.In addition,the TF and in BCF of CSD were 2.37-and 1.59-fold of WT,respectively.These results proved that it is feasible to promote phytoextraction efficiency of S.alfredii in Cd contaminated soils through chromosomal engineering,which provides a novel approach for hyperaccumulator application in phytoremediation. | Ying Feng Qiong Wang Qian Meng Yongjun Liu Fengshan Pan Sha Luo Yingjie Wu Luyao Ma Xiaoe Yang | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，12： | 4 |
| 19 | Generation and characterization of stable pig pregastrulation epiblast stem cell lines显示文摘Pig epiblast-derived pluripotent stem cells are considered to have great potential and broad prospects for human therapeutic model developme nt and livestock breeding.Despite on going attempts since the 1990s,no stably defined pig epiblast-derived stem cell line has bee n established.Here,guided by in sights from a large-scale sin gle-cell tran scriptome an alysis of pig embryos from embryonic day(E)0 to E14,specifically,the tracing of pluripotency changes during epiblast development,we developed an in vitro culture medium for establishing and maintaining stable pluripotent stem cell lines from pig E10 pregastrulation epiblasts(pgEpiSCs).Enabled by chemical inhibition of WNT-related signaling in combination with growth factors in the FGF/ERK,JAK/STAT3,and Activin/Nodal pathways,pgEpiSCs maintain their pluripotency transcriptome features,similar to those of E10 epiblast cells,and normal karyotypes after more than 240 passages and have the potential to differentiate into three germ layers.Strikingly,ultradeep in situ Hi-C analysis revealed functional impacts of chromatin 3D-spatial associations on the transcriptional regulation of pluripote ncy marker genes in pgEpiSCs.I n practice,we con firmed that pgEpiSCs readily tolerate at least three rounds of successive gene editi ng and gene rated cloned gen e-edited live piglets.Our findings deliver on the long-a nticipated promise of pig pluripote nt stem cells and open new avenues for biological research,animal husbandry,and regenerative biomedicine. | Minglei Zhi Jinying Zhang Qianzi Tang Dawei Yu Shuai Gao Dengfeng Gao Pengliang Liu Jianxiong Guo Tang Hai Jie Gao Suying Cao Zimo Zhao Chongyang Li Xiaogang Weng Mengnan He Tianzhi Chen Yingjie Wang Keren Long Deling Jiao Guanglei Li Jiaman Zhang Yan Liu Yu Lin Daxin Pang Qianqian Zhu Naixin Chen Jingjing Huang Xinze Chen Yixuan Yao Jingcang Yang Zicong Xie Xianya Huang Mengxin Liu Ran Zhang Qiuyan Li Yiliang Miao Jianhui Tian Xingxu Huang Hongsheng Ouyang Bofeng Liu Wei Xie Qi Zhou Zhonghua Liu Caihong Zheng Mingzhou Li Jianyong Han | 2022 | Cell Research2022，32，4： | 3 |
| 20 | Challenges and strategies in high-accuracy manufacturing of the world’s largest SiC aspheric mirror显示文摘In the process of manufacturing the world’s largest silicon carbide(SiC)aspheric mirror,the primary difficulties are mirror blank preparation,asphere fabrication,and testing,as well as cladding and coating.Specifically,the challenges include the homogeneity of the complicated structure casting,accuracy and efficiency of the fabrication process,print-through effect,fidelity and precision of test procedure,stress and denseness of cladding process,the dynamic range of interferometric measurement,and air turbulence error due to the long optical path.To break through such a barrier of difficulties,we proposed the water-soluble room temperature vanishing mold and gel casting technology,homogeneous microstructure reaction-formed joint technology,nano-accuracy efficient compound fabrication,gravity unloading technology,high-denseness low-defect physical vapor deposition(PVD)Si-cladding technology,test data fusion method,and time-domain averaging method,etc.Based on the proposed technologies and methods,we have accomplished the world’s largest SiC aspheric mirror with a size of φ4.03 m.The impressive performance of the SiC aspheric mirror is validated by the characteristics of the fabricated SiC aspheric mirror.The aerial density of the SiC blank is less than 120 kg/m^(2),surface shape test accuracy is better than 6 nm RMS,thickness inhomogeneity of the cladding layer is less than 5%,and the final surface figure error and roughness are 15.2 nm RMS and 0.8 nm RMS,respectively. | Xuejun Zhang Haixiang Hu Xiaokun Wang Xiao Luo Ge Zhang Wenxing Zhao Xiaoyi Wang Zhenyu Liu Ling Xiong Erhui Qi Congcong Cui Yanchao Wang Yingjie Li Xu Wang Longxiang Li Yang Bai Qiang Cheng Zhiyu Zhang Ruigang Li Wa Tang Xuefeng Zeng Weijie Deng Feng Zhang | 2022 | Light(Science & Applications)2022，11，12： | 3 |
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