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| 1 | Exploration of the formation mechanism and source attribution of ambient ozone in Chongqing with an observation-based model显示文摘An intensive field campaign was conducted in Chongqing during the summer of 2015 to explore the formation mechanisms of ozone pollution. The sources of ozone, the local production rates, and the controlling factors, as well as key species of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), were quantified by integrating a local ozone budget analysis, calculations of the relative incremental reactivity, and an empirical kinetic model approach. It was found that the potential for rapid local ozone formation exists in Chongqing. During ozone pollution episodes, the ozone production rates were found to be high at the upwind station Nan Quan, the urban station Chao Zhan, and the downwind station Jin-Yun Shan. The average local ozone production rate was 30×10^(-9) V/V h^(-1) and the daily integration of the produced ozone was greater than 180×10^(-9) V/V. High ozone concentrations were associated with urban and downwind air masses. At most sites, the local ozone production was VOC-limited and the key species were aromatics and alkene, which originated mainly from vehicles and solvent usage. In addition, the air masses at the northwestern rural sites were NO_x-limited and the local ozone production rates were significantly higher during the pollution episodes due to the increased NOx concentrations. In summary, the ozone abatement strategies of Chongqing should be focused on the mitigation of VOCs. Nevertheless, a reduction in NO_x is also beneficial for reducing the regional ozone peak values in Chongqing and the surrounding areas. | SU Rong LU KeDing YU JiaYan TAN ZhaoFeng JIANG MeiQing LI Jing XIE ShaoDong WU YuSheng ZENG LiMin ZHAI ChongZhi ZHANG YuanHang | 2018 | Science China Earth Sciences2018，61，1： | 24 |
| 2 | Carbon pools and fluxes in the China Seas and adjacent oceans显示文摘The China Seas include the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea. Located off the Northwestern Pacific margin, covering 4700000 km^2 from tropical to northern temperate zones, and including a variety of continental margins/basins and depths, the China Seas provide typical cases for carbon budget studies. The South China Sea being a deep basin and part of the Western Pacific Warm Pool is characterized by oceanic features; the East China Sea with a wide continental shelf, enormous terrestrial discharges and open margins to the West Pacific, is featured by strong cross-shelf materials transport; the Yellow Sea is featured by the confluence of cold and warm waters; and the Bohai Sea is a shallow semiclosed gulf with strong impacts of human activities. Three large rivers, the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River, flow into the East China Sea, the Bohai Sea, and the South China Sea, respectively. The Kuroshio Current at the outer margin of the Chinese continental shelf is one of the two major western boundary currents of the world oceans and its strength and position directly affect the regional climate of China. These characteristics make the China Seas a typical case of marginal seas to study carbon storage and fluxes. This paper systematically analyzes the literature data on the carbon pools and fluxes of the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea, including different interfaces(land-sea, sea-air, sediment-water, and marginal sea-open ocean) and different ecosystems(mangroves, wetland, seagrass beds, macroalgae mariculture, coral reefs, euphotic zones, and water column). Among the four seas, the Bohai Sea and South China Sea are acting as CO_2 sources, releasing about0.22 and 13.86–33.60 Tg C yr^(-1) into the atmosphere, respectively, whereas the Yellow Sea and East China Sea are acting as carbon sinks, absorbing about 1.15 and 6.92–23.30 Tg C yr^(-1) of atmospheric CO_2, respectively. Overall, if only the CO_2 exchange at the sea-air interface is considered, the Chinese marginal seas appear to be a source of atmospheric CO_2, with a net release of 6.01–9.33 Tg C yr^(-1), mainly from the inputs of rivers and adjacent oceans. The riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) input into the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 5.04, 14.60, and 40.14 Tg C yr^(-1),respectively. The DIC input from adjacent oceans is as high as 144.81 Tg C yr^(-1), significantly exceeding the carbon released from the seas to the atmosphere. In terms of output, the depositional fluxes of organic carbon in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 2.00, 3.60, 7.40, and 5.92 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. The fluxes of organic carbon from the East China Sea and South China Sea to the adjacent oceans are 15.25–36.70 and 43.93 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. The annual carbon storage of mangroves, wetlands, and seagrass in Chinese coastal waters is 0.36–1.75 Tg C yr^(-1), with a dissolved organic carbon(DOC) output from seagrass beds of up to 0.59 Tg C yr^(-1). Removable organic carbon flux by Chinese macroalgae mariculture account for 0.68 Tg C yr^(-1) and the associated POC depositional and DOC releasing fluxes are 0.14 and 0.82 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. Thus, in total, the annual output of organic carbon, which is mainly DOC, in the China Seas is 81.72–104.56 Tg C yr^(-1). The DOC efflux from the East China Sea to the adjacent oceans is 15.00–35.00 Tg C yr^(-1). The DOC efflux from the South China Sea is 31.39 Tg C yr^(-1). Although the marginal China Seas seem to be a source of atmospheric CO_2 based on the CO_2 flux at the sea-air interface, the combined effects of the riverine input in the area, oceanic input, depositional export,and microbial carbon pump(DOC conversion and output) indicate that the China Seas represent an important carbon storage area. | Nianzhi JIAO Yantao LIANG Yongyu ZHANG Jihua LIU Yao ZHANG Rui ZHANG Meixun ZHAO Minhan DAI Weidong ZHAI Kunshan GAO Jinming SONG Dongliang YUAN Chao LI Guanghui LIN Xiaoping HUANG Hongqiang YAN Limin HU Zenghu ZHANG Long WANG Chunjie CAO Yawei LUO Tingwei LUO Nannan WANG Hongyue DANG Dongxiao WANG Si ZHANG | 2018 | Science China Earth Sciences2018，61，11： | 12 |
| 3 | Effects of preventive acupuncture or moxibustion at the Guanyuan acupoint on expression of interleukin-2 and its receptors in hypothalamus, serum, and uterus of menopausal rats显示文摘BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated preventive acupuncture and moxibustion at the Guanyuan point have positive effects on the immune system of menopausal rats. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of preventive acupuncture or moxibustion at the Guanyuan point on interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its receptor (IL-2R mRNA) levels in hypothalamus, serum, and uterus of menopausal rats. DESIGN: Randomized control animal experiment. SETTING: School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS: This study was performed at the Laboratory of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from November 2004 to July 2005. The vaginal smear method was used to determine the estrus cycle of 9.5-month-old Sprague Dawley (SD) female rats. Three continuous estrus cycles were measured, and 160 rats with estrus cycle disorder, weighing (300 ± 20) g, were included in this study. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: preventive acupuncture group (n =48), preventive moxibustion group (n =48), model groups (n =48), and 10-month-old group (n =16). Sixteen 3.5-month-old healthy SD female rats, weighing (240 ± 20) g, were also assigned to the young group. All rats were clean grade and were purchased from the Laboratory Animal Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The experiment was in accordance with animal ethics standards. METHODS: Acupuncture was applied to the preventive acupuncture group at 10 months of age. The needle was inserted upward and perpendicularly two fen to a point that was two fen below the Guanyuan point. The rats freely moved around during needle retention (20 minutes). Acupuncture was administered twice a week and continued for eight weeks. A moxa cone (small) moxibustion was applied to the preventive moxibustion group at 10 months of age. The rats were caught gently and kept at the same position as the preventive acupuncture group. The moxa cone was ignited and held to the Guanyuan point directly. Only one moxa cone was used each time. After moxibustion, the local skin turned slightly red. Moxibustion was used twice a week and continued for eight weeks. Nothing except gently catching and lying was administered to the model group and the young group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Radioimmunoassay, in situ hybridization, and similar methods were employed to detect IL-2 in serum and the uterus, as well as IL-2R mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and uterus arcuate nuclei, of the preventive acupuncture group, preventive moxibustion group, model groups (at 12, 14, and 16 months), 10 month old group (at 10 months), and the young group (at 4 months). RESULTS: All 176 rats were included in the final analysis. ① IL-2R mRNA: IL-2R mRNA expression decreased significantly in the uterus of 12-, 14-, and 16-month-old model groups and in the hypothalamus of 14- and 16-month-old model groups (P < 0.05-0.01). Compared to the same month-aged model groups, the expression of IL-2R mRNA increased significantly in the hypothalamus and uterus of 16-month-old preventive acupuncture or moxibustion groups (P < 0.05-0.01).② IL-2: IL-2 in serum of 12- and 14-month-old model groups and in the uterus of 12-, 14-, and 16-month-old model groups decreased significantly compared to the young group (P < 0.05-0.01). IL-2 serum levels increased significantly in the 16-month-old group with preventive moxibustion; in addition, IL-2 expression levels increased significantly in the uterus of the 12-month-old group with preventive moxibustion, as well as the 12- and 16-month-old groups with preventive acupuncture (P < 0.05-0.01). CONCLUSION: As a rat ages and becomes menopausal, IL-2R mRNA expression in the hypothalamus anduterus, as well as IL-2 levels in the serum and uterus, decrease. However, preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion can repress the decrease to some extent. This effect is even greater in the late stages of menopause (16-month-old rats). | Xiaohong Li Yuwei He Jieping Xie Lufen Zhang Dengfang Zhou Jinghui Zhai Rui Zhan Jun Zhou Limin Qu Yangchun Tian | 2008 | Neural Regeneration Research2008，3，1： | 5 |
| 4 | A direct real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid high-throughput detection of highly pathogenic North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China without RNA purification显示文摘Background:Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),and particularly its highly pathogenic genotype(HP-PRRSV),have caused massive economic losses to the global swine industry.Results:To rapidly identify HP-PRRSV,we developed a direct real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method(dRT-PCR) that could detect the virus from serum specimen without the need of RNA purification.Our dRT-PCR assay can be completed in 1.5 h from when a sample is received to obtaining a result.Additionally,the sensitivity of dRT-PCR matched that of conventional reverse transcription PCR(cRT-PCR) that used purified RNA.The lowest detection limit of HP-PRRSV was 6.3 TCID_(50) using dRT-PCR.We applied dRT-PCR assay to 144 field samples and the results showed strong consistency with those obtained by cRT-PCR.Moreover,the dRT-PCR method was able to tolerate 5-20%(v/v) serum.Conclusions:Our dRT-PCR assay allows for easier,faster,more cost-effective and higher throughput detection of HP-PRRSV compared with cRT-PCR methods.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report to describe a real-time RT-PCR assay capable of detecting PRRSV in crude serum samples without the requirement for purifying RNA.We believe our approach has a great potential for application to other RNA viruses. | Kang Kang Keli Yang Jiasheng Zhong Yongxiang Tian Limin Zhang Jianxin Zhai Li Zhang Changxu Song Christine Yuan Gou Jun Luo Deming Gou | 2015 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2015，6，1： | 2 |
| 5 | The association of interleukin-16 gene polymorphisms with IL-16 serum levels and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a Chinese population显示文摘 | Xue Qin Qiliu Peng Xiaoxia Lao Zhiping Chen Yu Lu Xianjun Lao Cuiju Mo Jingzhe Sui Junrong Wu Limin Zhai Shi Yang Shan Li Jinmin Zhao | 2014 | Tumor Biology2014，，3： | 2 |
| 6 | ZnS nanostructures: From synthesis to applications显示文摘 | Xiaosheng Fang Tianyou Zhai Ujjal K. Gautam Liang Li Limin Wu Yoshio Bando Dmitri Golberg | 2010 | Progress in Materials Science2010，，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Motivation ——Theories and Beyond显示文摘Most language teachers will agree that motivation of the students is one of the most important factors influencing their success or failure in language learning. Corder’s phrase, “ Given motivation, anyone can learn a language' brings out the importance of motivation and the way it can overcome unfavourable circumstances in other aspects of language learning. There have been overwhelming researches & literature on this area. However, the definition and study of motivation have not been without problem. This paper starts with a brief historical review on psychological approaches underlying motivational research, followed by the remarkable motivation theories. The third part is concerned with SL/FL motivation, which attempts to relate the findings on motivation with situation of China. | Guo Limin Zhai Shijun\ \ | 2000 | 首都师范大学学报(社会科学版)2000，，S2： | 1 |
| 8 | Current tertiary oil recovery in China 显示文摘 | Ganzuo Li Limin Zhai Guiying Xu | 2000 | J Dispersion Sci Technol2000，21，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Current Tertiary Oil Recovery in China显示文摘 | Li Ganzuo Zhai Limin Xu Guiying | 2000 | J Disp Sci Techn2000，21，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Current tertiary oil recovery in China 显示文摘 | LI Ganzuo ZHAI Limin XU Guiying | 2000 | J Dispers Sci Technol2000，2，4： | 1 |
| 11 | A recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing TgSAG1 protects against challenge with the virulent Toxoplasma gondii RH strain and pseudorabies in BALB/c mice显示文摘 | Quan Liu Shengyan Gao Li Jiang Limin Shang Jingtao Men Ze Wang Yujia Zhai Zhiping Xia Rongliang Hu Xichen Zhang Xing-Quan Zhu | 2008 | Microbes and Infection2008，，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Salt- induced vesicles formation from single anionic suffactant SDBS and its mixture with LSB in aqueous solution显示文摘 | ZHAI LIMIN ZHAO MEI SUN DEJUN | 2005 | J Phys Chem B2005，109，： | 1 |
| 13 | Spontaneous vesicle formation and vesicle - tubular microstructure transition in aqueous solution of a polytailed cationic and anionic surfactants mixture显示文摘 | CHEN WENJUN LI GANZUO ZHAI LIMIN | 2004 | Journal of Colloid and Interface Science2004，278，： | 1 |
| 14 | Enhancement by IL-18 of the protective effect of a Schistosoma japonicum 26<ce:hsp sp='0.25'/>kDa GST plasmid DNA vaccine in mice显示文摘 | Feng Wei Quan Liu Shengyan Gao Limin Shang Yujia Zhai Jingtao Men Li Jiang Xing-Quan Zhu Zhiqiang Fu Yaojun Shi Zhiping Xia Jiaojiao Lin | 2008 | Vaccine2008，，33： | 1 |
| 15 | Current tertiary oil recovery in Clfina显示文摘 | Ganzuo Li Limin Zhai Guiying Xu | 2000 | J Dispersion Sci Technol2000，21，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Improved electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity of Ti45Zr38Ni17 quasicrystal by addition of ZrH2显示文摘Ti_(45)Zr_(38)Ni_(17)+ x ZrH_2(x = 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%) composite materials are produced by ball milling for 20 min.The results of XRD measurement show that the composite materials contain icosahedral quasicrystal phase(I-phase), FCC phase with a Ti_2Ni type crystal and C14 Laves phase. After adding ZrH_2, the composite materials include not only the individual phases mentioned above, but also the Zr H phase. These composite materials are used as the negative electrode material of the nickel-metal hydride batteries.The electrochemical hydrogen storage characteristics of the material after adding Zr H is investigated. The Ti_(45)Zr_(38)Ni_(17)+ x ZrH_2(x = 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%) composite material has reached the maximum discharge capacity(83.2 m A h/g) when x equals 10. This maximum discharge capacity is much higher than that of Ti_(45)Zr_(38)Ni_(17) alloy without Zr H. After adding ZrH_2,the high-rate discharge ability and the cycling stability are enhanced simultaneously. The improvement of the electrochemical properties can be attributed to the synergistic effects of ZrH_2, and the synergistic effects in the composite electrodes are probably attributed to the entry of most of hydrogen atoms from weakly bond strength of the Zr-H to the I-phase structure in electrochemical reaction. | Jianxun Zhao Xiaojie Zhai Xing Tao Zhe Li Qingshuang Wang Wanqiang Liu Limin Wang | 2018 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2018，34，6： | 0 |
| 17 | A study of the microstructure of CTAB/1-butanol/octane/ water system by PGSE-NMR and Cryo-TEM显示文摘In this work, the effect of octane concentration on the phase behavior of CTAB/water/1-butanol system was studied by using pulsed field gradient spin-echo NMR measurements and freeze fracture electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM and FFEM). When the octane concentration increases, the liquid crystalline phase is destabilized and a continuous single-phase microemulsion region from the water apex to the oil apex is formed. The conductivity behavior has a distinct percolative phenomenon, which indicates that the single-phase microemulsion is changed continuously from oil-in-water (o/w) structure via a bicontinuous structure to wa-ter-in-oil (w/o) structure. This result is consistent with those of the PGSE-NMR, Cryo-TEM, and FFEM. In the w/o region, the self-diffusion coefficient of water is relatively high ((1-6) ×1(T-10 m . s-1) due to the higher solubility of water in the continuous phase consisting of octane (10% by weight) and 1-butanol. The penetration of a large amount of octane molecules between | XU Jian LI Ganzuo ZHAI Limin SHEN Qiang ZHANG Zhiqiang | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，15： | 0 |
| 18 | Record 50.7-Tbit/s WDM coherent transmission in hollow-core fiber显示文摘Over the past half-century, the emergence of technologies such as erbium-doped fiber amplifier(EDFA), wavelength division multiplexing(WDM), coherent transmission and advanced digital signal processing(DSP) has led to an exponential increase in the transmission capacity of optical communication networks. | ZHU BoWen WANG CaoYuan ZHU Jie WEI Yi DING JunJie ZHAI ZhenDe XIAO LiMin YU JianJun | 2023 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2023，66，9： | 0 |
| 19 | Spontaneous vesicle formation from DSB/AOT mixed system显示文摘Spontaneous vesicles from the aqueous mixtures of dodecyl sulfonate betaine (DSB) and sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) at certain mixing ratios have been demonstrated by using calorimetry, freeze-frac- ture transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), negative- staining TEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. The addition of NaCl will promote vesicle formation and the heat effect of monodisperse vesicle system is greatest. Meanwhile the mechanism was analyzed from the viewpoint of packing parameter f, molecular geometry structure and interaction. | CHEN Wenjun ZHAI Limin LI Ganzuo MENG Xiangguang ZENG Xiancheng | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，13： | 0 |
| 20 | Surface Performance Testing of Cardanol Polyoxyethylene Ether and Its Application in Detergent显示文摘Cardanol polyoxyethylene ether is a kind of nonionic surfactants based on natural raw materials, with good surface activity and resistance to hard water. At 25℃, the value of critical micelle concentration(CMC) is 6.09×10^(-6) mol/L, and the lowest surface tension(γ_(CMC)) is 38.08 mN/m. Moreover, cardanol polyoxyethylene ether has strong salt tolerance to monovalent inorganic salts; with the increase of concentration of divalent inorganic salt, the surface activity of cardanol polyoxyethylene ether is enhanced. The effect of monohydric alcohol on the surface activity of cardanol polyoxyethylene ether is complex: the ability of BGF-10 to form micelles increases and then decreases with the increase of the concentration of monohydric alcohol. Cardanol polyoxyethylene ether has a synergistic effect with anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants, especially with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB), and its critical micelle concentration is decreased by 2.52%, while the surface tension is decreased by 11.49%. Test results also show, comparing to nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, the emulsifying and the thickening performances of cardanol polyoxyethylene ether are better, and its foam performance is lower. Also, the cloud point of cardanol polyoxyethylene ether is higher than nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether. In most case, the detergency of cardanol polyoxyethylene ether is better than or equivalent to nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether. cardanol polyoxyethylene ether is an excellent alternative to nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether in detergents. | Zhao Xuehua Wang Limin Huang Zhongrui Kang Wenqian Che Fei Zhai Zhaokai | 2017 | China Detergent & Cosmetics2017，2，3： | 0 |
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