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| 1 | Cenozoic uplift of the Tibetan Plateau:Evidence from the tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the western Qaidam Basin显示文摘Geologists agree that the collision of the Indian and Asian plates caused uplift of the Tibet Plateau.However,controversy still exists regarding the modes and mechanisms of the Tibetan Plateau uplift.Geology has recorded this uplift well in the Qaidam Basin.This paper analyzes the tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the western Qaidam Basin using sub-surface seismic and drill data. The Cenozoic intensity and history of deformation in the Qaidam Basin have been reconstructed based on the tectonic developments,faults growth index,sedimentary facies variations,and the migration of the depositional depressions.The changes in the sedimentary facies show that lakes in the western Qaidam Basin had gone from inflow to still water deposition to withdrawal.Tectonic movements controlled deposition in various depressions,and the depressions gradually shifted southeastward.In addition,the morphology of the surface structures in the western Qaidam Basin shows that the Cenozoic tectonic movements controlled the evolution of the Basin and divided it into(a) the southern fault terrace zone, (b) a central Yingxiongling orogenic belt,and(c) the northern fold-thrust belt;divided by the XI fault (Youshi fault) and Youbei fault,respectively.The field data indicate that the western Qaidam Basin formed in a Cenozoic compressive tectonic environment caused by the India—Asia plate collision. Further,the Basin experienced two phases of intensive tectonic deformation.The first phase occurred during the Middle Eocene—Early Miocene(Xia Ganchaigou Fm.and Shang Ganchaigou Fm.,43.8—22 Ma),and peaked in the Early Oligocene(Upper Xia Ganchaigou Fm.,31.5 Ma).The second phase occurred between the Middle Miocene and the Present(Shang Youshashan Fm.and Qigequan Fm., 14.9—0 Ma),and was stronger than the first phase.The tectonic—sedimentary evolution and the orientation of surface structures in the western Qaidam Basin resulted from the Tibetan Plateau uplift,and recorded the periodic northward growth of the Plateau.Recognizing this early tectonic—sedimentary evolution supports the previous conclusion that northern Tibet responded to the collision between India and Asia shortly after its initiation.However,the current results reveal that northern Tibet also experienced another phase of uplift during the late Neogene.The effects of these two stages of tectonic activity combined to produce the current Tibetan Plateau. | Yadong Wang Jianjing Zheng Weilin Zhang Shiyuan Li Xingwang Liu Xin Yang Yuhu Liu | 2012 | Geoscience Frontiers2012，3，2： | 23 |
| 2 | Low-mature gases and typical low-mature gas fields in China显示文摘No natural gas pool of industrial importance could be formed at the low-evolution stage of organic matter. In the 1980s, on the basis of the development in exploration practice, the hypotheses of bio-thermo-catalytic transitional zone gases and early thermogenic gases were proposed. The lower-limit Ro values for the formation and accumulation of natural gases of industrial importance have been expanded to 0.3%―0.4%. In the light of the two-stage model established on the basis of carbon isotope fractionation in coal-type natural gases, the upper-limit Ro values have been set at 0.8%―1.0%. In terms of the geological practice in the low-mature gas zones and China's main coal-type gas fields, it is feasible and proper to set the upper-limit Ro value of low-mature gases at 0.8%. Supper-large gas fields such as the Urengoy gas field in western Siberian Basin should belong to low-mature gas fields, of which the natural gas reserves account for more than 20% of the global proven reserves, providing strong evidence for the significance of such a type of resources. The proven natural gas reserves in the Turpan-Hami Basin of China have almost reached 1000 × 108 m3. The main source rocks in this area are the Jurassic Xishanyao Formation, which occurs as a suite of coal series strata. The corresponding thermal evolution indices (Ro ) are mainly within the range of about 0.4%―0.8%, the δ 13C1 values of methane vary between-44‰ and-39‰ (correspondingly Ro =0.6%―0.8%), and those of ethane are within the range of-29‰―-26‰, indicating that natural gases in the Turpan-Hami Basin should be designated to coal-type low-mature gases. The light hydrocarbon evolution indices of natural gases also fall within the area of low evolution while the precursor type of light hydrocarbons also shows the characteristics of the coal-type. The geological background, carbon isotopic composition and light hydrocarbon index all provide strong evidence suggesting that the proven natural gases in the Turpan-Hami Basin are low-mature gases. In China a gas field with the gas reserves reaching 300 ×108 m3 can be defined as a large gas field, and thus the proven low-mature gases in the Turpan-Hami Basin are equivalent to the reserves of three large gas fields. Its existence is of great significance in research on and exploration of low-mature gases in China. | XU YongChang WANG ZhiYong WANG XiaoFeng ZHENG JianJing DU HongYu | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，2： | 11 |
| 3 | Influences of water media on the hydrogen isotopic composition of natural gas/methane in the processes of gaseous hydrocarbon generation and evolution显示文摘The influences of water media on the hydrogen isotopic composition of organic-thermogenic natural gas were tested in three series of experiments on coal pyrolysis, with no water, deionized water (δDH2O=?58‰), and seawater (δDH2O=?4.8‰) added, respectively. The experimental results show that the productivities of H2 and CO2 obviously increased under hydrous condi tions and that the productivity of CH4 also remarkably increased in the high-evolution phase of hydrous experiments. Water was involved in the chemical reaction of hydrocarbon generation, and then the hydrogen isotopic composition of methane was affected. There is a linear correlation between the hydrogen isotopic composition of methane and its productivity, as reflected in the three series of experiments. In the case of the same CH4 productivity, the hydrogen isotopic composition of the methane produced in anhydrous experiments was the heaviest, that of the methane produced in seawater-adding experiments came se cond, and that of the methane produced in deionized water-adding experiments was the lightest. The hydrogen isotopic com position of natural gas/methane is affected by the following factors: 1) the characteristics of hydrogen isotopic composition of organic matter in source rocks, 2) the thermal evolution extent of organic matter, and 3) fossil-water media in the natural gas-generation period. The experimental results show that the influence of the fossil-water medium in the natural gas-generation period was lower than that of the other factors. | WANG XiaoFeng LIU WenHui XU YongChang ZHENG JianJing | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，9： | 4 |
| 4 | Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer (MINPA) for Chinese Mars Exploration Mission (Tianwen-1): Design and ground calibration显示文摘The main objective of the Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer(MINPA)aboard the Chinese Mars Exploration Mission(Tianwen-1)is to study the solar wind-Mars interaction by measuring the ions and energetic neutral atoms(ENAs)near Mars.The MINPA integrates ion and ENA measurements into one sensor head,sharing the same electronics box.The MINPA utilizes a standard toroidal top-hat electrostatic analyzer(ESA)followed by a time of flight(TOF)unit to provide measurement of ions with energies from 2.8 eV to 25.9 keV and ENAs from 50 eV to 3 keV with a base time resolution of 4 seconds.Highly polished silicon single crystal substrates with an Al2O3 film coating are used to ionize the ENAs into positive ions.These ions can then be analyzed by the ESA and TOF,to determine the energy and masses of the ENAs.The MINPA provides a 360°×90°field of view(FOV)with 22.5°×5.4°angular resolution for ion measurement,and a 360°×9.7°FOV with 22.5°×9.7°angular resolution for ENA measurement.The TOF unit combines a-15 kV acceleration high voltage with ultra-thin carbon foils to resolve H+,He2+,He+,O+,O2+and CO2+for ion measurement and to resolve H and O(≥16 amu group)for ENA measurement.Here we present the design principle and describe our ground calibration of the MINPA. | LingGao Kong AiBing Zhang Zhen Tian XiangZhi Zheng WenJing Wang Bin Liu Peter Wurz Daniele Piazza Adrian Etter Bin Su YaYa An JianJing Ding WenYa Li Yong Liu Lei Li YiRen Li Xu Tan YueQiang Sun | 2020 | Earth and Planetary Physics2020，4，4： | 4 |
| 5 | A Satellite-borne Miniature Ion Mass Spectrometer for Space Plasma显示文摘The miniature design technology is an important trend in space exploration.Mass spectrometer is used extensively in the space environment detection.The miniature ion mass spectrometer utilizes a 127° cylindrical electrostatic analyzer accompanied with a Time of Flight(TOF)unit based on ultrathin carbon foil to measure the energy spectra and composition of space plasma.The Time of Flight technique has been used broadly in space plasma measurement.A new type of miniature method for the ion mass spectrometer is introduced.The total mass of the instrument is1.8 kg and the total power consumption is 2.0 W.The calibration results show that the energy measurement range is 8.71~43550eV,the energy resolution is 1.86%and the ion mass from 1 amu(1 amu= 1.67 × 10^(-27)kg) to 58 amu can be resolved by the miniature mass spectrometer.The miniature ion mass spectrometer also has a potential to be increased in the field of view by an electrostatic deflecting system to extend its application in space plasma detection.The miniature ion mass spectrometer has been selected for pre-study of Chinese Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science. | KONG Linggao ZHANG Aibing ZHENG Xiangzhi AN Yaya WANG Wenjing TIAN Zhen GUAN Yibing LIU Chao DING Jianjing SUN Yueqiang | 2015 | 空间科学学报2015，35，6： | 2 |
| 6 | Cenozoic Magmatism and Tectonic Framework of Western Yunnan,China:Constrained from Geochemistry,Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopes and Fission Track Dating显示文摘Western Yunnan is composed of several extruded continental microblocks that were generated by the oblique collision between the Indian and Asian continents during the Cenozoic.In this study,the magmatic and tectonic frameworks of western Yunnan in the Cenozoic were analyzed based on geochemistry,Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes,and apatite/zircon fission track dating.Magmatism during the Cenozoic in western Yunnan was then divided into three distinctive episodes:alkali granite rocks produced from 55 to 46 Ma were derived from the anatexis of crustal materials;bimodal igneous rocks formed between 37 and 24 Ma were possibly derived from an EMII mantle with a contribution from continental materials;and intermediate-basic volcanic rocks produced in the Tengchong microblocks since^16 Ma are considered to be generated by the partial melting of the upper mantle that was induced by the pulling apart of the dextral Gaoligong strike-slip fault system.Moreover,fission track analysis of apatite and zircon indicates that the regional crustal uplift in western Yunnan possibly began at ~34 Ma,with accelerated annealing occurring at ~24 Ma,~13 Ma,and ~4 Ma.During the past24 Ma,the average denudation rate was ~0.32 mm/yr for the faulted block controlled by the Chongshan-Lancang River fault.However,crustal uplift has been relatively gentle in places lacking influence from strike-slip shear zones,with an average denudation rate of^0.2 mm/yr.Combined with strike-slip shear and block rotation in the Cenozoic,the tectonic evolution of western Yunnan since ~45Ma can thus be divided into four stages occurring at 45-37 Ma,37-24 Ma,24-13 Ma,and 13-0 Ma. | YANG Xin XU Xuhui ZHANG Zhongpei LIU Yifeng ZHANG Jibiao LIU Xingwang XIONG Ping ZHENG Jianjing | 2016 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2016，90，5： | 2 |
| 7 | Hybrid grid generation for viscous flow simulations in complex geometries显示文摘In this paper,we present a hybrid grid generation approach for viscous flow simulations by marching a surface triangulation on viscous walls along certain directions.Focuses are on the computing strategies used to determine the marching directions and distances since these strategies determine the quality of the resulting elements and the reliability of the meshing procedure to a large extent.With respect to marching directions,three strategies featured with different levels of efficiencies and robustness performance are combined to compute the initial normals at front nodes to balance the trade-off between efficiency and robustness.A novel weighted strategy is used in the normal smoothing scheme,which evidently reduces the possibility of early stop of front generation at complex corners.With respect to marching distances,the distance settings at concave and/or convex corners are locally adjusted to smooth the front shape at first;a further adjustment is then conducted for front nodes in the neighbourhood of gaps between opposite viscous boundaries.These efforts,plus other special treatments such as multi-normal generation and fast detection of local/global intersection,as a whole enable the setup of a hybrid mesher that could generate qualitied viscous grids for geometries with industry-level complexities. | Hongfei Ye Yang Liu Bo Chen Zhiwei Liu Jianjing Zheng Yufei Pang Jianjun Chen | 2020 | Advances in Aerodynamics2020，2，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Nanosecond pulsed electric fields prime mesenchymal stem cells to peptide ghrelin and enhance chondrogenesis and osteochondral defect repair in vivo显示文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are important cell sources in cartilage tissue development and homeostasis,and multiple strategies have been developed to improve MSCs chondrogenic differentiation with an aim of promoting cartilage regeneration.Here we report the effects of combining nanosecond pulsed electric fields(ns PEFs) followed by treatment with ghrelin(a hormone that stimulates release of growth hormone) to regulate chondrogenesis of MSCs.ns PEFs and ghrelin were observed to separately enhance the chondrogenesis of MSCs,and the effects were significantly enhanced when the bioelectric stimulation and hormone were combined,which in turn improved osteochondral tissue repair of these cells within Sprague Dawley rats.We further found that ns PEFs can prime MSCs to be more receptive to subsequent stimuli of differentiation by upregulated Oct4/Nanog and activated JNK signaling pathway.Ghrelin initiated chondrogenic differentiation by activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway,and RNA-seq results indicated 243 genes were regulated,and JAK-STAT signaling pathway was involved.Interestingly,the sequential order of applying these two stimuli is critical,with ns PEFs pretreatment followed by ghrelin enhanced chondrogenesis of MSCs in vitro and subsequent cartilage regeneration in vivo,but not vice versa.This synergistic prochondrogenic effects provide us new insights and strategies for future cell-based therapies. | Kejia Li Litong Fan Jianjing Lin Boon Chin Heng Zhantao Deng Qiujian Zheng Jue Zhang Yangzi Jiang Zigang Ge | 2022 | Science China(Life Sciences)2022，65，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Chemical kinetics evaluation and its application of natural gas generation derived from the Yacheng Formation in the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin,China显示文摘The natural gas generation process is simulated by heating source rocks of the Yacheng Formation, including the onshore-offshore mudstone and coal with kerogens of Type II_2-III in the Qiongdongnan Basin. The aim is to quantify the natural gas generation from the Yacheng Formation and to evaluate the geological prediction and kinetic parameters using an optimization procedure based on the basin modeling of the shallow-water area. For this, the hydrocarbons produced have been grouped into four classes(C_1, C_2, C_3 and C_(4-6)). The results show that the onset temperature of methane generation is predicted to occur at 110℃ during the thermal history of sediments since 5.3 Ma by using data extrapolation. The hydrocarbon potential for ethane, propane and heavy gaseous hydrocarbons(C_(4-6)) is found to be almost exhausted at geological temperature of 200℃ when the transformation ratio(TR) is over 0.8, but for which methane is determined to be about 0.5 in the shallow-water area. In contrast, the end temperature of the methane generation in the deep-water area was over 300℃ with a TR over 0.8. It plays an important role in the natural gas exploration of the deep-water basin and other basins in the broad ocean areas of China. Therefore, the natural gas exploration for the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan Basin shall first aim at the structural traps in the Ledong, Lingshui and Beijiao sags, and in the forward direction of the structure around the sags, and then gradually develop toward the non-structural trap in the deep-water area basin of the broad ocean areas of China. | SU Long ZHANG Dongwei YANG Haizhang CHEN Ying CHEN Guojun ZHENG Jianjing XU Yongchang | 2018 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2018，37，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Identical carbon isotope trends of carbonate and organic carbon and their environmental significance from the Changhsingian (end-Permian), Meishan, South China显示文摘High resolution carbon isotope analyses of carbonate and organic carbon from Meishan, South China showed that the variation of δ13Ccarb is marked by three large positive excursions during the Changhsingian (end-Permian). Carbon isotope stratigraphy during this stage shows three cyclic intervals in δ13Ccarb, with two cycles corresponding to the lower (Paleofusulinid minima Zone) and one corresponding to the upper Changhsingian (P. sinensis Zone). The large positive δ13Ccarb excursions indicate episodes of enhanced burial of isotopically light or-ganic carbon, presumably in response to deep-water anoxia episodically extending into shallow water with the rise of sea level. The organic carbon during the Changhsingian is distinguished into two groups, and the δ13Corg of each group parallels (separately) the more detailed profile of δ13Ccarb, strongly showing that the values of fractionation Δ13Ccab-org remain relatively constant, with only two intervals with anomaly. The enhanced fractionation Δ13Ccab-org with large negative δ13Corg excursions apparently indicates significant inputs from sulfide-oxidizing bacteria and green sulfur bacteria, notably at bed 24 just predating mass extinction. Our evidence appears to support that the ex-tended euxinic water is possible for the main pulse of mass extinction at the end-Permian. | LI Yucheng LIU Wenhui WANG Wanchun ZHENG Jianjing | 2011 | Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry2011，30，4： | 1 |
| 11 | The upper limit of maturity of natural gas generation and its implication for the Yacheng Formation in the Qiongdongnan Basin,China显示文摘 | Su Long Zheng Jianjing Chen Guojun | 2012 | Journal of Asian Earth Sciences2012，5455，： | 1 |
| 12 | Thermolytic dynamics and prediction of natural gas generation from marine source rocks in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin,China显示文摘 | Su Long LüYuzhuo Zheng Jianjing | 2014 | Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences2014，43，2： | 1 |
| 13 | The upper limit of maturity of natural gas generation and its implication for the Yacheng Formation in the Qiongdongnan Basin, China 显示文摘 | Su Long Zheng Jianjing Chen Guojun | 2012 | Journal of Asian Earth Sciences2012，5455，： | 1 |
| 14 | Mesh Adaptation for Curing the Pathological Behaviors of an Upwind Scheme显示文摘In present paper,mesh adaptation is applied for curing the pathological behaviors of the enhanced time-accurate upwind scheme(Loh&Jorgenson,AIAAJ 2016).In the original ETAU(enhanced time-accurate upwind)scheme,a multidimensional dissipation model is required to cure the pathological behaviors.The multi-dimensional dissipation model will increase the global dissipation level reducing numerical resolution.In present work,the metric-based mesh adaptation strategy provides an alternative way to cure the pathological behaviors of the shock capturing.The Hessian matrix of flow variables is applied to construct the metric,which represents the curvature of the physical solution.The adapting operation can well refine the anisotropic meshes at the location with large gradients.The numerical results show that the adaptation of mesh provides a possible way to cure the pathological behaviors of upwind schemes. | Yifan Xia Jianjing Zheng Jianfeng Zou Jifa Zhang Gaofeng Wang Yao Zheng | 2022 | Communications in Computational Physics2022，31，2： | 0 |
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