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| 1 | Paracrine and endocrine actions of bone——the functions of secretory proteins from osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts显示文摘The skeleton is a dynamic organ that is constantly remodeled. Proteins secreted from bone cells, namely osteoblasts, osteocytes,and osteoclasts exert regulation on osteoblastogenesis, osteclastogenesis, and angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. Osteoblasts secrete a range of different molecules including RANKL/OPG, M-CSF, SEMA3A, WNT5A, and WNT16 that regulate osteoclastogenesis. Osteoblasts also produce VEGFA that stimulates osteoblastogenesis and angiogenesis. Osteocytes produce sclerostin(SOST) that inhibits osteoblast differentiation and promotes osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclasts secrete factors including BMP6, CTHRC1, EFNB2, S1P, WNT10B, SEMA4D, and CT-1 that act on osteoblasts and osteocytes, and thereby influencea A osteogenesis. Osteoclast precursors produce the angiogenic factor PDGF-BB to promote the formation of Type H vessels, which then stimulate osteoblastogenesis. Besides, the evidences over the past decades show that at least three hormones or 'osteokines'from bone cells have endocrine functions. FGF23 is produced by osteoblasts and osteocytes and can regulate phosphate metabolism. Osteocalcin(OCN) secreted by osteoblasts regulates systemic glucose and energy metabolism, reproduction, and cognition. Lipocalin-2(LCN2) is secreted by osteoblasts and can influence energy metabolism by suppressing appetite in the brain.We review the recent progresses in the paracrine and endocrine functions of the secretory proteins of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, revealing connections of the skeleton with other tissues and providing added insights into the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases affecting multiple organs and the drug discovery process. | Yujiao Han Xiuling You Wenhui Xing Zhong Zhang Weiguo Zou | 2018 | Bone Research2018，6，2： | 52 |
| 2 | Variations of sulfur and carbon isotopes in seawater during the Doushantuo stage in late Neoproterozoic显示文摘Successive analyses of sulfur and carbon isotopic compositions of carbonates strata in the Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze area were accomplished through a method of extracting trace sulfate from carbonates. Sulfur and carbon isotopic compositions of coeval seawater were estimated from the samples that show the least diagenetic alteration. A high-resolution age curve of sulfur isotopes in seawater sulfates was obtained in the Doushantuo stage, which reflects the trend of variation in seawater sulfur isotopes after the Neoproterozoic snowball Earth event. Similar characteristics of variation in carbon isotopes were observed in the coeval carbonates. A large positive d 34S excursion over +20?occurs in ancient seawater sulfates in the early Doushantuo stage. Simultaneously, the d 13C values in ancient seawater carbonates exhibit a positive excursion up to 10. The maximum d 34S and d 13C values are +46.4 and +6.9? respectively. In the middle Doushantuo stage, the range of variation in d 34S values of seawater is relatively narrow, but d 13C values are quite high. Then, d 34S values of seawater become oscillating, and the same occurs in d 13C values. Negative excursions in d 34S and d 13C values occur simultaneously at the end of the Doushantuo stage, and the minimum d 34S and d 13C values dropped down to -10.1 and -5.7? respectively. The characteristics of variations in the sulfur and carbon isotopes of ancient seawater imply strong changes in oceanic environment that became beneficial to inhabitation and propagation of organism. The organic productivity and burial rate of organic carbon once reached a quite high level during the Doushantuo stage. However, the state of environment became unstable after the global glaciation. The global climate and environment possibly were fluctuating and reiterating. The negative excursions in d 34S and d 13C values occurring at the end of the Doushantuo stage may represent a global event, which might be related to oxidation of deep seawater. | ZHANG Tonggang, CHU Xuelei, ZHANG Qirui, FENG Lianjun & HUO Weiguo Key Lab of Mineral Resources Exploration and Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，13： | 21 |
| 3 | A cellular automata evacuation model considering friction and repulsion显示文摘There exist interactions among pedestrians and between pedestrian and environment in evacuation. These interactions include attraction, repulsion and friction that play key roles in human evacuation behaviors, speed and efficiency. Most former evacuation models focus on the attraction force, while repulsion and friction are not well modeled. As a kind of multi-particle self-driven model, the social force model introduced in recent years can represent those three forces but with low simulation efficiency because it is a continuous model with complex rules. Discrete models such as the cellular automata model and the lattice gas model have simple rules and high simulation efficiency, but are not quite suitable for interactions’ simulation. In this paper, a new cellular automata model based on traditional models is introduced in which repulsion and friction are modeled quantitatively. It is indicated that the model can simulate some basic behaviors, e.g. arching and the “faster-is-slower” phenomenon, in evacuation as multi-particle self-driven models, but with high efficiency as the normal cellular automata model and the lattice gas model. | SONG Weiguo YU Yanfei FAN Weicheng Zhang Heping | 2005 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2005，48，4： | 19 |
| 4 | Orthogonal arrays obtained by generalized difference matrices with g levels显示文摘Nowadays orthogonal arrays play important roles in statistics, computer science, coding theory and cryptography. The usual difference matrices are essential for the construction for many mixed orthogonal arrays. But there are also orthogonal arrays which cannot be obtained by the usual difference matrices, such as mixed orthogonal arrays of run size 60. In order to construct these mixed orthogonal arrays, a class of special so-called generalized difference matrices were discovered by Zhang (1989,1990,1993,2006) from the orthogonal decompositions of projection matrices. In this article, an interesting equivalent relationship between orthogonal arrays and the generalized difference matrices is presented and proved. As an application, a lot of new orthogonal arrays of run size 60 have been constructed. | ZHANG YingShan LI WeiGuo MAO ShiSong ZHENG ZhongGuo | 2011 | Science China Mathematics2011，54，1： | 11 |
| 5 | Spatiotemporal characteristics of the expansion of an urban agglomeration and its effect on the eco-environment: Case study on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains显示文摘Urban agglomerations, which are highly integrated urban groups, form during the advanced stages of industrialization and urban development. The urban agglomeration on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains is one of the 19 urban agglomerations promoted by China’s 13th Five-Year Plan and a key area of urbanization in Xinjiang. Based on remote sensing data, we analyzed the expansion of construction land in the urban agglomeration on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and its effect on ecological value in 1980–2015. The results show that the expansion of construction land significantly affected ecological value in the study area over the past 35 years. Among land use types, grassland was the dominant contributor to changes in ecological value;its contribution rate reached 66.27% with an interannual variation of only 5%. The contribution rate of urban and rural residential land along with industrial and mining lands was very low(0.82%), while the interannual variation was large(86%). The area of construction land in the urban agglomeration expanded from 1,067 to 2,586 km^2, and the conversions of different land use types had different effects on ecological value. Among land use types, the conversions of lowcoverage grassland and dry land made the largest contributions to changes in ecological value. During the study period, a total of 1,685 km^2 of ecological land, 69.91% of which belonged to cultivated land and grassland, was converted into construction land.A total area of 1,082 km^2 of dry land and low-coverage grassland was converted into construction land, accounting for 64.21% of the total ecological land that was converted into construction land. In 2000–2015, the area of urban construction land increased significantly along with the proportion of unused land, including gobi(172 km^2), bare land(65 km^2), and salt-affected land(65 km^2), being converted into construction land. In contrast, the area of construction land that was converted into ecological land was less than 166 km^2. The areas with the largest expansions of construction land were concentrated in Urumqi, Karamay,and Changji, where the areas of construction land increased by 399, 186, and 126 km^2, respectively. The areas with the most rapid expansions in construction land were concentrated in Kuytun, Toksun, and Usu. The environmental effects of construction land expansion and land use change were more positive in the late stage of urban agglomeration(2000–2015) compared to in the early stage(1980–2000). Kuytun City, Shihezi City, and Wujiaqu City showed large changes in ecological value caused by the expansion of construction land, whereas the changes in ecological value in the 14 other cities were relatively small, and the expansion of construction land slowed in 2000–2015 compared to in 1980–2000. In the future, further development of the urban agglomeration on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains should fully consider the sensitivity and carrying capacity of the vulnerable ecological environment in this area. Population growth and industrial development in the urban agglomeration should be controlled based on the available water resources and ecological capacity to reduce the pressure on the environment and ensure sustainable development. | Chuanglin FANG Qian GAO Xiaolei ZHANG Weiguo CHENG | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，9： | 11 |
| 6 | Effect of cooling rates on dendrite spacings of directionally solidified DZ125 alloy under high thermal gradient显示文摘The dendrite morphologies and spacings of directionally solidified DZ125 superalloy were investigated under high thermal gradient about 500 K/cm. The results reveal that, with increasing cooling rate, both the spacings of primary and secondary dendrite arms decrease, and the dendrite morphologies transit from coarse to superfine dendrite. The secondary dendrite arms trend to be refined and be well developed, and the tertiary dendrite will occur. The predictions of the Kurz/Fisher model and the Hunt/Lu model accord basically with the experimental data for primary dendrite arm spacing. The regression equation of the primary dendrite arm spacings λ1 and the cooling rate Vc is λ1=0.013Vc-0.32. The regression equation of the secondary dendrite arm spacing λ2 and the cooling rate Vc is λ2=0.00258Vc-0.31, which gives good agreement with the Feurer/Wunderlin model. | ZHANG Weiguo LIU Lin ZHAO Xinbao HUANG Taiwen YU Zhuhuan QU Min FU Hengzhi | 2009 | Rare Metals2009，28，6： | 11 |
| 7 | Branched tetraether lipids in Chinese soils:Evaluating the fidelity of MBT/CBT proxies as paleoenvironmental proxies显示文摘The ubiquitous occurrence of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers(br GDGTs) in soils has allowed development of new proxies for reconstruction of past climate and environment. The methylation and cyclization degrees of br GDGTs, expressed as MBT and CBT, respectively, are reported to be mainly controlled by mean annual air temperature(MAAT) and soil p H. However, the br GDGT-derived temperatures and soil p H scatter widely when data from different environmental conditions are considered. In this study, we collected over 300 soil samples from China, which are representative of humid(Xishuangbanna, Guangzhou, and Shanghai), semi-arid(Dongying) and semi-arid/arid(Lanzhou, Tibetan Plateau) regions. Collectively we have the most extensive dataset that broadly characterizes the distribution of br GDGTs according to climate zones in China. The overall data demonstrate that the MBT/CBT derived temperatures better match the measured MAATs in humid and non-alkaline regions than those from regions of low MAP(<400 mm/yr) and above neutral soil p H(>7.0–7.5). Similarly, CBT describes soil p H much better in humid and non-alkaline soils than in semi-arid/arid and alkaline soils; the semi-arid/arid and alkaline soils tend to show a positive correlation between soil p H and CBT, which contradicts that in the humid and non-alkaline soils. While soil p H, MAAT and mean annual precipitation(MAP) are dominating factors controlling the br GDGT distribution across all climate zones, conductivity, total organic carbon and total nitrogen, as well as soil water content can also play an important role locally. Removing br GDGT-II resulted in a revised CBT index that provides more accurate estimation of p H, especially in semi-arid/arid and alkaline soils. The overall Chinese dataset demonstrates that continental air temperature derived from br GDGT-proxies can vastly deviate from real measurements and should be used with extreme caution in paleo-climate or-environment studies. | ZHENG FengFeng ZHANG ChuanLun CHEN YuFei LI FuYan MA CenLing PU Yang ZHU YuanQing WANG YongLi LIU WeiGuo | 2016 | Science China Earth Sciences2016，59，7： | 10 |
| 8 | Precise timing of lacustrine gypsum in Luobubo,Xinjiang using the thermal ionization mass spectrometry U-series method显示文摘Dating techniques including gypsum dissolution in water, iron hydroxide co-precipitation with uranium and thorium and mass spectrometric determination have been investigated in this note. The ages of the gypsum samples in a CK core from Luobubo lacustrine sediments are in the range of (12.85±0.21) kaBP (4 m distance from the top core) to (153.2 ± 7.2) kaBP (49 m distance from the top core) with the relative errors of ( 1.6%-±4.7%. It indicates that the sedimental environment of the CK core was situated in the middle-late Pleistocene and Holocene periods, corresponding to 1-6 stages of oxygen isotopes in the abyssal sediments and included much information from last inter-glacial to Holocene warm periods. | PENG Zicheng LIU Weiguo ZHANG Pengxi ZHANG Zhaofeng ZHOU Jie | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，18： | 10 |
| 9 | The mechanism of barrier river reaches in the middle and lower Yangtze River显示文摘在它人工地或自然地被扰乱以后,冲积隧道总是以沉积运输的平衡国家调整了自己。怎么维持沉积运输的平衡国家并且使河政体稳定总是是河的 geomorphologists 的担心。在长江的中间、更低的活动范围的隧道被区分的河和单个线的河的蹒跚的分发描绘。河政体的变化比在单个线的河里在区分的河里猛烈地是更多。区分的河里的河政体的调整是否能通过单个线的河并且宣传到下游的活动范围,影响全面的河政体的稳定性。研究证明障碍河活动范围能阻止宣传到下游的活动范围接近在上游的隧道调整;因此,它在稳定河政体起一个关键作用。这研究在长江的中间、更低的活动范围调查 34 个单个线的河活动范围。根据长江的中间、更低的活动范围的河的进程的系统的摘要,障碍河活动范围的控制因素被总结并且提取:平面形态学单个线、蜿蜒地流;没有流动偏斜,节点在河活动范围的上面或中间的部分散布了;水力的几何系数是不到 4;纵的坡度比 12 大,凹面河岸的泥土内容比 9.5% 大,并且床沉积的中部的直径比 0.158 公里大。从海军司烧方程,流动的弯曲半径的计算公式动态轴被推出,然后这些的角色在限制流动的迁居上控制因素动态轴和障碍河活动范围的形成被分析。当时,障碍河活动范围被看作这到隧道边界的限制力量的动态轴是的流动的迁居力量的比率不到 1 在不同流动层次下面。障碍河活动范围的机制是以便甚至当在上游的河政体调整时,这个活动范围的隧道边界能总是抑制流动的移植振幅动态轴并且在不同的在上游的河政体条件下面集中主要的流线的平面位置,提供相对稳定的到来的流动为下游的活动范围调节,从而阻止宣传到下游的活动范围接近在上游的河政体调整。 | YOU Xingying TANG Jinwu ZHANG Xiaofeng HOU Weiguo YANG Yunping SUN Zhaohua WENG Zhaohui | 2017 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2017，27，10： | 9 |
| 10 | Uncertainty analysis of hydrological model parameters based on the bootstrap method:A case study of the SWAT model applied to the Dongliao River Watershed,Jilin Province,Northeastern China显示文摘As an important tool for the description and analysis of hydrological processes,the watershed hydrological model has been increasingly applied to watershed hydrological simulations and water resource management.However,in most cases,model parameters are only determined in a calibration scheme which fits the modeled data to observations,thus significant uncertainties exist in the model parameters.How to quantitatively evaluate the uncertainties in model parameters and the resulting uncertainty impacts on model simulations has always been a question which has attracted much attention.In this study,two methods based on the bootstrap method(specifically,the model-based bootstrap and block bootstrap)are used to analyze the parameter uncertainties in the case of the SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)model applied to a hydrological simulation of the Dongliao River Watershed.Then,the uncertainty ranges of five sensitivity parameters are obtained.The calculated variation coefficients and the variable parameter contributions show that,among the five parameters,ESCO and CN2 have relatively high uncertainties:the variation coefficients and contribution rates are 23.98 and 70%,14.43 and 18%,respectively.The three remaining parameters have relatively low uncertainties.We compare the two uncertainty ranges of parameters acquired by the two bootstrap methods,and find that the uncertainty ranges of parameters acquired by the block bootstrap are narrower than those acquired by the model-based bootstrap.Further analysis of the effects of parameter uncertainties on the model simulation reveals that the parameter uncertainties have great impacts on results of the model simulation,and in the model calibration stage 60%70%of runoff observations were within the corresponding 95%confidence interval.The uncertainty in the model simulation during the flood season(i.e.the wet period)is relatively higher than that during the dry season. | ZHANG Zheng LU WenXi CHU HaiBo CHENG WeiGuo ZHAO Ying | 2014 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2014，57，1： | 9 |
| 11 | An Efficient and Stable Ionic Liquid System for Synthesis of Ethylene Glycol via Hydrolysis of Ethylene Carbonate显示文摘An ionic liquid system of [Bmim]X/[Bmim]OH(X Cl,BF4,and PF6,) was developed for the hydroly-sis of ethylene carbonate to ethylene glycol. The important parameters,such as the variety of ionic liquids,molar ratio of [Bmim]X to [Bmim]OH,amount of ionic liquid,molar ratio of water to ethylene carbonate,reaction tem-perature,pressure and reaction time,were investigated systematically. Excellent yield(>93%) and high selectivity(99.5%) of ethylene glycol were achieved. Under the optimum reaction conditions,the ionic liquid system could be reused at least five times and the selectivity of ethylene glycol remained higher than 99.5%. | MENG Zhenying SUN Jian WANG Jinquan ZHANG Jianxin FU Zengzeng CHENG Weiguo ZHANG Xiangping | 2010 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2010，18，6： | 8 |
| 12 | Experiments on mechanical properties of salt rocks under cyclic loading显示文摘The primary purpose of underground gas storages is to provide gas for seasonal consumptions or strategic reserve.The periodical operations of gas injection and extraction lead to cyclic loading on the walls and surrounding rocks of gas storages.To investigate the mechanical behaviors of different host rocks in bedded salt deposit,laboratory experiments were conducted on the samples of rock salt,thenardite,glauberite and gypsum.The mechanical properties of rock samples under monotonic and cyclic loadings were studied.Testing results show that,under monotonic loading,the uniaxial compressive stress(UCS) of glauberite is the largest(17.3 MPa),while that of rock salt is the smallest(14.0 MPa).The UCSs of thenardite and gypsum are 16.3 and 14.6 MPa,respectively.The maximum strain at the peak strength of rock salt(halite) is much greater than those of the other three rocks.The elastic moduli of halite,thenardite,glauberite and gypsum are 3.0,4.2,5.1 and 6.8 GPa,respectively.Under cyclic loading,the peak strengths of the rock specimens are deteriorated except for rock salt.The peak strengths of thenardite,glauberite and gypsum decrease by 33.7%,19.1% and 35.5%,respectively;and the strains of the three rocks at the peak strengths are almost the same.However,the strain of rock salt at the peak strength increases by 1.98%,twice more than that under monotonic loading.Under monotonic loading,deformation of the tested rock salt,thenardite and glauberite shows in an elastoplastic style.However,it changes to a ductile style under cyclic loading.Brittle deformation and failure are only observed for gypsum.The results should be helpful for engineering design and operation of gas storage in bedded salt deposit. | Weiguo Liang Chuanda Zhang Hongbo Gao Xiaoqin Yang Suguo Xu Yangsheng Zhao | 2012 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2012，4，1： | 8 |
| 13 | Application of Analytic Redundancy-based Fault Diagnosis of Sensors to Onboard Maintenance System显示文摘Analytic redundancy-based fault diagnosis technique (ARFDT) is applied to onboard maintenance system (OMS). The principle of the proposed ARFDT scheme is to design a redundancy configuration using ARFDT to enhance the functions of redundancy management and built in test equipment (BITE) monitor. Redundancy configuration for dual-redundancy and analytic redundancy is proposed, in which, the fault diagnosis includes detection and isolation. In order to keep the balance between rapid diagnosis and binary hypothesis, a filter together with an elapsed time limit is designed for sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) in the process of isolation. Diagnosis results would be submitted to central maintenance computer (CMC) together with BITE information. Moreover, by adopting reconstruction, the designed method not only provides analytic redundancy to help redundancy management, but also compensates the output when both of the sensors of the same type are faulty. Our scheme is applied to an aircraft's sensors in a simulation experiment, and the results show that the proposed filter SPRT (FSPRT) saves at least 50% of isolation time than Wald SPRT (WSPRT). Also, effectiveness, practicability and rapidity of the proposed scheme can be successfully achieved in OMS. | CHI Chengzhi ZHANG Weiguo LIU Xiaoxiong | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2012，25，2： | 8 |
| 14 | A SIMPLE METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING ORTHOGONAL ARRAYS BY THE KRONECKER SUM显示文摘在这篇文章,我们建议一条新一般途径到构造不均匀的直角的数组,也就是 Kronecker 和。自从很多 newmixed 水平,直角的数组能被这个方法获得,有趣。 | Yingshan ZHANG Weiguo LI Shisong MAO Zhongguo ZHENG | 2006 | Journal of Systems Science & Complexity2006，19，2： | 8 |
| 15 | Polyploid organisms显示文摘Polyploids are organisms with three or more complete chromosome sets. Polyploidization is widespread in plants and animals, and is an important mechanism of speciation. Genome sequencing and related molecular systematics and bioinformatics studies on plants and animals in recent years support the view that species have been shaped by whole genome duplication during evolution. The stability of polyploids depends on rapid genome recombination and changes in gene expression after formation. The formation of polyploids and subsequent diploidization are important aspects in long-term evolution. Polyploids can be formed in various ways. Among them, hybrid organisms formed by distant hybridization could produce unreduced gametes and thus generate offspring with doubled chromosomes, which is a fast, efficient method of polyploidization. The formation of fertile polyploids not only promoted the interflow of genetic materials among species and enriched the species diversity, but also laid the foundation for polyploidy breeding. The study of polyploids has both important theoretical significance and valuable applications. The production and application of polyploidy breeding have brought remarkable economic and social benefits. | SONG Can LIU ShaoJun XIAO Jun HE WeiGuo ZHOU Yi QIN QinBo ZHANG Chun LIU Yun | 2012 | Science China(Life Sciences)2012，55，4： | 7 |
| 16 | Construction of almost optimal resilient Boolean functions via concatenating Maiorana-McFarland functions显示文摘We describe a method to construct an n-variable (n even) almost optimal resilient Boolean function via concatenating 2 d properly chosen (n-d)-variable Maiorana-McFarland functions.As an example,a 5-resilient 42-variable Boolean function with currently best known nonlinearity 2 41-2 20-2 17 is provided. | ZHANG WeiGuo XIAO GuoZhen | 2011 | Science China(Information Sciences)2011，54，4： | 7 |
| 17 | Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonate Catalyzed by DBU Derived Basic Ionic Liquids显示文摘 | Wei Li Weiguo Cheng Xia Yang Qian su Lihui Dong Pan Zhang Yunan Yi Bin Li Suojiang Zhang | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Chemistry2018，36，4： | 7 |
| 18 | African Swine Fever Virus Protein E199L Promotes Cell Autophagy through the Interaction of PYCR2显示文摘African swine fever virus(ASFV),as a member of the large DNA viruses,may regulate autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting programmed cell death.However,the function of ASFV proteins has not been fully elucidated,especially the role of autophagy in ASFV infection.One of three Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases(PYCR),is primarily involved in conversion of glutamate to proline.Previous studies have shown that depletion of PYCR2 was related to the induction of autophagy.In the present study,we found for the first time that ASFV E199 L protein induced a complete autophagy process in Vero and HEK-293 T cells.Through co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry(Co IP-MS)analysis,we firstly identified that E199 L interact with PYCR2 in vitro.Importantly,our work provides evidence that E199 L down-regulated the expression of PYCR2,resulting in autophagy activation.Overall,our results demonstrate that ASFV E199 L protein induces complete autophagy through interaction with PYCR2 and down-regulate the expression level of PYCR2,which provide a valuable reference for the role of autophagy during ASFV infection and contribute to the functional clues of PYCR2. | Sheng Chen Xinheng Zhang Yu Nie Hongxin Li Weiguo Chen Wencheng Lin Feng Chen Qingmei Xie | 2021 | Virologica Sinica2021，36，2： | 7 |
| 19 | Failure Analysis of Aviation Torsional Springs显示文摘裂缝和破裂发生在汇编进程期间到在航空机制使用的扭力的弹簧的一种类型。除视觉检查以外,另外的试验性的技术使用了因为调查:1 ) 由扫描电子显微镜学(SEM ) 的破裂特征,损坏形态学和金属断面的显微镜观察, 2 ) 盖住的光谱分析, 3 ) 裂缝的 metallographic 观察并且 4 ) 氢内容测试。结果通过制造过程和试验性的数据的分析被获得。因为微观结构的变化都没被发现,失败与材料无关。裂缝和破裂在内部表面上开始,裂缝在镉 plating 前并且在弯屈以后开始。没有明显的压力腐蚀裂缝在裂缝来源区域附近被发现。裂缝的开的方向与剩余一致春天的张力的应力内部表面,和弹簧是容易的联系在弯屈的春天和镉 plating 之间的氢媒介。裂缝被引起由导致氢在剩余的行动下面裂开推迟张力的应力和氢。 | HOU Weiguo ZHANG Weifang LIU Xiao WANG Zongren DING Meili | 2011 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2011，24，4： | 7 |
| 20 | Multistring analysis of wellhead movement and uncemented casing strength in offshore oil and gas wells显示文摘This paper presents a theoretical method and a finite element method to describe wellhead movement and uncemented casing strength in offshore oil and gas wells. Parameters considered in the theoretical method include operating load during drilling and completion and the temperature field, pressure field and the end effect of pressure during gas production. The finite element method for multistring analysis is developed to simulate random contact between casings. The relevant finite element analysis scheme is also presented according to the actual procedures of drilling, completion and gas production. Finally, field cases are presented and analyzed using the proposed methods. These are four offshore wells in the South China Sea. The calculated wellhead growths during gas production are compared with measured values. The results show that the wellhead subsides during drilling and completion and grows up during gas production. The theoretical and finite element solutions for wellhead growth are in good agreement with measured values and the deviations of calculation are within 10%. The maximum von Mises stress on the uncemented intermediate casing occurs during the running of the oil tube. The maximum von Mises stress on the uncemented production casing, calculated with the theoretical method occurs at removing the blow-out-preventer(BOP) while that calculated with the finite element method occurs at gas production. Finite element solutions for von Mises stress are recommended and the uncemented casings of four wells satisfy strength requirements. | Liu Xiuquan Chen Guoming Chang Yuanjiang Zhang Lei Zhang Weiguo Xie Hua | 2014 | Petroleum Science2014，11，1： | 7 |
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