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| 1 | Sediment pollution and its effect on fish through food chain in the Yangtze River显示文摘Suspended sediment adsorbs pollutants from flowing water in rivers and deposits onto the bed. However, the pollutants accumulated in the river bed sediment may affect the bio-community through food chain for a long period of time. To study the problem the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Hg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb and As) in water, sediment, and fish/invertebrate were investigated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 2006-2007. The concentrations of heavy metals were 100-10,000 times higher in the sediment than in the water. Benthic invertebrates had relatively high concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues due to their proximity to contaminated sediments. Benthic invertivore fish had moderately high concentrations of heavy metals whereas phytoplanktivore fish, such as the silver carp, accumulated the lowest concentration of heavy metals. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Fe were higher than Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, and As in the tissue samples. The concentration of heavy metals was lower in the river sediments than in the lake sediments. Conversely, the concentration of heavy metals was higher in river water than in lake water. While a pollution event into a water body is often transitory, the effects of the pollutants may be long-lived due to their tendency to be absorbed in the sediments and then released into the food chain. The heavy metals were concentrated in the following order: bottom material > demersal fish and benthic fauna > middle-lower layer fish > upper-middle layer fish > water. | Yujun YI Zhaoyin WANG Kang ZHANG Guoan YU Xuehua DUAN | 2008 | International Journal of Sediment Research2008，23，4： | 34 |
| 2 | A review of ecological restoration techniques in fluvial rivers显示文摘Rivers play an important role in people's living and agricultural production,however,intense human activities have broken the original ecological balance,and affected structures and functions of the river ecosystem.To restore the damaged river ecosystem back to a healthy status,effective ecological restoration measures need to be implemented.The main problems that the damaged rivers face are either the locally altered hydrological processes affected by construction of hydraulic facilities,or the deterioration of water quality resulted from pollution emissions,or both.In this study,ecological restoration techniques of the rivers affected by engineering control or pollution are reviewed respectively.In addition,three kinds of methods,i.e.physical,chemical and biological-ecological methods are introduced in details for the rivers affected by water pollution.At present,the development of river restoration techniques shows the following trends:1) the scale of ecological restoration is becoming larger;2) ecological restoration measures are required to meet multiple objectives;and 3) the management of water environment is changing from water quality management to aquatic ecosystem management. | Baozhu Pan Jianping Yuan Xinhua Zhang Zhaoyin Wang Jiao Chen Jinyou Lu Wenjun Yang Zhiwei Li Na Zhao Mengzhen Xu | 2016 | International Journal of Sediment Research2016，31，2： | 18 |
| 3 | Fluvial diversity in relation to valley setting in the source region of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers显示文摘山谷设定的空间分发(旁边地自由,部分限制,或限制) 并且在 Yangtze 和黄河的来源区域的河的形态学被对比并且分析。长江的来源区域被划分成 3 宽广的节(我, II 和 III )基于山谷设定和隧道坡度,与被描绘由的在上游、下游的节限制(一些活动范围部分限制)山谷,当中间的节被描绘与时宽、浅,旁边地自由的山谷。峡在节是突出的我和 III,当编织隧道模式统治节 II 时。由对比,黄河的来源区域基于山谷特征和隧道坡度被划分成 5 宽广的节(节 IV ) 。节我, II 和 IV 是冲积活动范围与主要旁边地自由(一些短活动范围部分限制) 山谷。节 III 和 V 主要被限制或部分限制。更大的词法差异在相对上面的长江的黄河的来源区域是明显的。这包括编织, anabranching,吻合,蜿蜒地流并且笔直地冲积的模式,与在限制活动范围的峡。这个区域的宏消除(举起,坡度,方面,山谷排列和监禁) ,直接连接了到 Qinghai 西藏高原的构造运动,系住到气候, hydrologic 和关於生命的考虑,是在在这个区域的河差异的模式之上的主要控制。 | YU Guo-an LIU Le LI Zhiwei LI Yanfu HUANG Heqing Gary BRIERLEY Brendon BLUE WANG Zhaoyin PAN Baozhu | 2013 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2013，23，5： | 14 |
| 4 | An exploratory analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of the ecological status of the Upper Yellow and Yangtze Rivers显示文摘这研究在黄和长江的来源区域介绍水的关於生命的集合的第一系统的分析的调查结果。它向一个起始的基础提供作为指示物选择代表性的有机体在这个区域估计河的水的生态的地位。Macroinvertebrates 被认为随着时间的过去由于他们的限制范围和坚持是长期的环境变化的好指示物。macroinvertebrates 的领域调查在长江的来源区域在黄河的来源区域,并且在 2010 年 7 月在 2009 年 8 月被进行。属于 29 个家庭和 59 个类的 macroinvertebrates 的总的来说 68 taxa 被识别。在他们之中是 8 个环节动物, 5 个软体动物, 54 个节肢动物和 1 个另外的动物。在 macroinvertebrates 的黄河, taxa 数字,密度和生物资源的来源区域是 50, 329 个人 m2 和 0.3966 g 分别地弄干重量 m2。为长江的来源区域的相等的数字是 29, 59 个人 m2 和 0.0307 g 弄干重量 m2。在长江的来源区域的更低的 benthic 动物资源被归功于到更高的高度,更高的沉积集中和沼泽地降级。这探索研究的初步的调查结果显示水力发电的发电站在 benthic 居民上有弱影响,但是一系列人的活动引起的沼泽地降级在 macroinvertebrates 的幸存上有灾难的影响。象保守放牧和植被管理那样的生态的保护措施被要求最小化草地降级和 desertification,并且减少土壤侵蚀率和河沉积分泌物。 | PAN Baozhu WANG Zhaoyin LI Zhiwei YU Guo-an XU Mengzhen ZHAO Na Gary BRIERLEY | 2013 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2013，23，5： | 14 |
| 5 | Slope Debris Flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake Area显示文摘Avalanches and landslides,induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12,2008,resulted in a lot of disaggregated,solid material on slopes that could be readily mobilized as source material for debris flows.Rainstorms triggered numerous slope debris flows with great damage to highways and rivers over the subsequent two years.Slope debris flows(as opposed to channelized debris flows) are defined as phenomena in which high-concentration mixtures of debris and water flow down slopes for short distances to highways and river banks.Based on field investigations and measurements of 19 slope debris flows,their main characteristics and potential mitigation strategies were studied.High rainfall intensity is the main triggering factor.Critical rainfall intensities for simultaneous occurrence of single,several and numerous slope debris flow events were 20 mm/day,30mm/day,and 90 mm/day,respectively.Field investigations also revealed that slope debris flows consist of high concentrations of cobbles,boulders and gravel.They are two-phase debris flows.The liquid phase plays the role of lubrication instead of transporting medium.Solid particles collide with each other and consume a lot of energy.The velocities of slope debris flows are very low,and their transport distances are only several tens of meters.Slope debris flows may be controlled by construction of drainage systems and by reforestation. | LI Yanfu WANG Zhaoyin SHI Wenjing WANG Xuzhao | 2010 | Journal of Mountain Science2010，7，3： | 13 |
| 6 | Impact of water diversion on the morphological development of the Lower Yellow River显示文摘In this paper we carry out a theoretical analysis based on the general one-dimensional morphodynamic model for rivers in order to show how the morphological equilibrium of a river is influenced by water and sediment diversion/supply along the river. The results of the analysis show that large scale water diversions, like those along the Lower Yellow River, can cause the development of a convex riverbed profile in the long-term. Deposition will take place along the whole reach of the river, with an increasing deposition depth from downstream to upstream. The slope of the river bed increases from upstream to downstream. Furthermore, an analysis on the morphological time scale shows that this development in the Lower Yellow River will take a time period on the order of decades to centuries. The results of the analysis have been compared with observations in the Lower Yellow River. Since the second half of the 1980's large scale water diversions from the Yellow River have been taking place. The observations show that this has indeed led to significant sedimentation along the river. | Zhengbing WANG Zhaoyin WANG Huib J. de VRIEND | 2008 | International Journal of Sediment Research2008，23，1： | 12 |
| 7 | Analysis of controls upon channel planform at the First Great Bend of the Upper Yellow River, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘270 km 在第一大拐弯的上面的黄河的长节由单个隧道和在吻合之中轮流出现的多重隧道系统组成, anabranching,蜿蜒地流并且编织活动范围。下游的模式变化的顺序是被描绘:吻合支流,蜿蜒地流支流、编织曲流、蜿蜒地流发辫。遥感图象, DEM 数据和域调查被用来在这些活动范围转变上估计并且解释控制。隧道斜坡和床沉积尺寸是在隧道平面形状的转变的关键决定因素。吻合的活动范围有一个相对高的床斜坡(0.86 ) 和更粗糙的沉积床材料(d 50 = 3.5 公里) 。相反,蜿蜒地流活动范围有一个低斜坡(0.30 ) 和好沉积床材料(d 50 = 0.036 公里) 。从一蜿蜒地流到编织模式的转变被隧道宽度深度比率的增加描绘,显示银行力量的重要角色(即连贯对非连贯对隧道边界) 。有趣地,蜿蜒地流发辫、编织曲流的转变与来自支流河的可变流动输入是重合的(Baihe 和 Heihe 河分别地) 。编织曲流的转变的理论分析作为隧道平面形状的一个决定因素加亮隧道宽度深度比率的关键控制。 | LI Zhiwei WANG Zhaoyin PAN Baozhu DU Jun Gary BRIERLEY YU Guo-an Brendon BLUE | 2013 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2013，23，5： | 10 |
| 8 | Impacts of artificially planted vegetation on the ecological restoration of movable sand dunes in the Mugetan Desert,northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘Controlling desertification is an important ecological target for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China,where studies on impacts of vegetation restoration measures on sandy soil improvement are still lacking.The Mugetan Desert in Guinan County,Qinghai Province,northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a representative ecological restoration area.The impacts of artificial vegetation on the ecological restoration and its properties are studied by using field investigation and sample testing including contents of the surface layer and the vegetation composition of movable,semi-fixed,and fixed sand dunes.Results demonstrate that the moss crust has formed on the surface of a sand dune which has become fixed after 30 years under the impact of artificial vegetation(i.e.Cathay poplar).Meanwhile,the clay minerals,organic matter,and other soil available nutrients have markedly increased.A correlation has been found between these materials,i.e.,clay minerals and organic matter content increasing with silt and clay increases with reduction in sand content.In addition,soil nutrient were positively correlated with the increase of plant diversity.Under the current meteorological conditions,the artificial vegetation is helpful for the stabilization of sand dune and the ecological restoration in the Mugetan Desert. | Yanfu Li Zhiwei Li Zhaoyin Wang Wenlong Wang Yanhong Jia Shimin Tian | 2017 | International Journal of Sediment Research2017，32，2： | 8 |
| 9 | A preliminary study on vegetation-erosion dynamics and its applications显示文摘Vegetation-erosion dynamics is a new interdisciplinary science, studying the laws of evolution of watershed vegetation under the action of various ecological stresses. Introducing a qualitative expression of ecological stresses in this paper, the present authors establish the cou- pled differential equations for the vegetation-erosion process and derive a theoretical solution. The model is applied to the Anjiagou watershed on the Loess Pateau and the Xiaojiang water- shed and its sub-watersheds on the Yunnan Plateau. The calculated results agree well with the vegetation development processes. Abstracted from the differential equations the so-called vegetation-erosion chart is worked out, with which we can predict the development trend of vegetation under no human stresses. It is demonstrated that the erosion control is important for vegetation development and reforestation must be a long-term strategy. On the Yunnan Plateau with relatively high precipitation and temperature, vegetation can be greatly improved if erosion is controlled. On the dry and cold Loess Pateau suffering from high rate of soil erosion, however, vegetation can effectively control erosion but erosion reduction exhibits low effectiveness on vegetation development. Vegetation in the area is not stable and management is always needed to maintain the vegetation. | WANG Zhaoyin 1,2 , WANG Guangqian 1 , LI Changzhi 1 & WANG Feixin 1 1. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2. International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation, Beijing 100084, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，5： | 7 |
| 10 | PRINCIPLES OF RIVER TRAINING AND MANAGEMENT显示文摘River regulation and river training have been performed for various purposes and negative effects have been shown in numerous cases. In some cases the negative effects are so serious that humans have to consider to 'renaturalize' the regulated rivers. Only by using the strategy of integrated river management the diverse river uses and natural fluvial processes and ecological systems may be harmonized. Based on analysis of case studies and data collected from literatures this paper presents the concept of integrated river management and four principles of river training. The integrated river management comprises: 1) taking the watershed, upper stream basin including the tributaries, middle and lower reaches and the estuary as an integrated entity in the planning, design and management; and 2) mitigating or controlling the negative impacts on hydrology, erosion and sedimentation, fluvial processes, land use and river use, environment and ecology while in achieving economic benefit from water resources development, flood safety management and hydropower exploitation. River training and management should be in accordance with the four principles: 1) extending the duration of river water flowing on the continent, which may be achieved by extending the river course or reducing the flow velocity; 2) controlling various patterns of erosions and reducing the sediment transportation in the rivers; 3) increasing the diversity of habitat and enhancing the connectivity between the river and riparian waters; and 4) restoring natural landscapes. | Zhaoyin WANG Shimin TIAN Yujun YI Guoan YU | 2007 | International Journal of Sediment Research2007，22，4： | 7 |
| 11 | Sediment storage and morphology of the Yalu Tsangpo valley due to uneven uplift of the Himalaya显示文摘The fluvial process of the Yalu Tsangpo River occurs concurrently with the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Therefore,the river exhibits unique features in morphology and sediment deposition.Field investigations were performed from 2009–2011and the depth of the interface between the sediment deposits and bed rock was detected with an electromagnetic imaging system(EH4)at 29 cross sections.Sediment deposits were sampled along the Yalu Tsangpo valley from Xietongmen to the Yalu Tsangpo Canyon.The results show that a huge amount of sediment has been deposited in four wide valley sections because the uplift rate in these sections was lower than that in the downstream gorge sections over the past million years.About 518 billion m3of gravel and sand have been stored in the high mountain river valleys,which has changed the V-shaped mountain river valley into a U-shaped wide river valley in the four sections.In the sections with high uplift rates the river bed is incised and has formed gorges and the Yalu Tsangpo Canyon. | WANG ZhaoYin YU Guo An WANG XuZhao Charles S. MELCHING LIU Le | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，8： | 4 |
| 12 | Two-thousand years of debates and practices of Yellow River training strategies显示文摘Throughout the history of China, the Yellow River has been associated with flood disasters and changes in the course of its lower reaches because of sedimentation. From 602 B.C. to 1949 the river experienced 1593 levee bursts, flooding vast areas, and claiming millions of human lives. The river shifted its main course by avulsion 26 times with the apex around Zhengzhou, resulting in devastating calamities and numerous old channels. Training of the Yellow River has a history of more than 3000 yr. Levee construction has been the major strategy for flood control. Two extremely different strategies has been proposed and practiced in the past 2000 yr, i.e. the 'wide river and depositing sediment' strategy and the 'narrow river and scouring sediment' strategy. This paper analyzes the levee breaches and flood disasters in the past 2000 yr and compares the results of the two extremely different strategies. The 'narrow river and scouring sediment' strategy has only short term effects on levee breach control and flood mitigation. The 'wide river and depositing sediment' strategy can essentially mitigate flood disasters and reduce levee breaches for a long term period of time. The 'wide river and depositing sediment' strategy has been used and no levee breach has occurred in the past 67 yr, which has been the only periods of more than 50 yr with no levee breaches in the history of the Yellow River since 700 A.D.Modern flood and sedimentation management methods have also been introduced, and the strategy of applying the ' 'widen the river and enhance the levees' approach for the upper and lower reaches management is proposed. | Zhaoyin Wang Cheng Liu | 2019 | International Journal of Sediment Research2019，34，1： | 3 |
| 13 | Mass flows and river response in rapid uplifting regions-A case of lower Yarlung Tsangpo basin, southeast Tibet, China显示文摘The fluvial geomorphology in tectonically active(particularly rapid uplift)regions often undergoes continuous change.The rapid uplift is coincident with high erosion rates;consequently,incised valleys are formed.Mass flows(for example,avalanches,landslides,and debris flows)in incised valleys can markedly influence fluvial processes and even reshape valley geomorphology.However,these processes and long-term evolution corresponding to mass flows require further clarification.Field campaigns were carried out in the region near the Yigong Tsangpo and Palong Tsangpo Rivers(hereafter the Yigong and Palong Rivers),the two largest tributaries of the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River Tibet,China,to examine the feedback between fluvial processes and mass flows.Remote sensing images from recent decades were used to compare the channel morphology before and after typical mass flows(particularly catastrophic ones).The morphology of the lower Yigong River has evidently been impacted by landslides,while that of the Palong River has mainly been shaped by glacial processes and debris flows.At present,the morphology of the latter consists of alternating sections of gorges and wide valleys,with a staircase-like longitudinal profile.The gorge sections exhibit single and deeply incised channels with a high-gradient channel bed and terraces.In contrast,the wide valley sections consist of lakes,braided or anabranching channels,gentle bed gradients,and thick alluvial deposits.Debris flows occur more frequently in gullies in the reaches of the gorge sections and rarely in gullies along the wide valley sections.The occurrence of mass flow events has resulted in an imbalance of the previous(quasi-)equilibrium in the river morphology;however,this has triggered negative feedback that is driving the transient river morphology to a new state of(quasi-)equilibrium. | Guo-An Yu Jianyin Lu Liqun Lyu Lujie Han Zhaoyin Wang | 2020 | International Journal of Sediment Research2020，35，6： | 3 |
| 14 | Erosion-control mechanism of sediment check dams on the Loess Plateau显示文摘Severe soil erosion occurs on the Loess Plateau in China, which makes the Yellow River the most sediment-laden river in the world. Construction of about 60,000 sediment check dams has remarkably controlled soil erosion on the Loess Plateau and reduced the sediment load of the middle and lower Yellow River. Nonetheless, little is known about the mechanism of erosion control and vegetation development of sediment check dams. The function of a single check dam mainly is trapping sediment,while the function of a train of check dams comprising dozens of or over hundreds of check dams in a gully encompasses controlling bed incision and reducing erosion energy. A formula was proposed to calculate the potential energy of bank failure and slope failure in a gully, which essentially constitutes the erosion energy. The erosion energy increases when gully incision occurs, which is induced by the incision of the Yellow River and its tributaries on the Loess Plateau. Sediment deposition in many gullies due to construction of check dams reduces the erosion energy to almost zero, which in turn greatly reduces soil erosion and sediment yield. Construction of check dams promotes vegetation development. The vegetation-erosion dynamics model was used to study the effect of check dams on vegetation development. Simulation results show that reforestation without check dam construction might result in an increase of vegetation cover in the first ten years and then a drop of vegetation cover to less than 10% in the later years. The check dams provide a foundation for vegetation development. | Zhaoyin Wang Zuyu Chen Shu Yu Qiang Zhang Yu Wang Jianwei Hao | 2021 | International Journal of Sediment Research2021，36，5： | 3 |
| 15 | Mineral composition and particle size distribution of river sediment and loess in the middle and lower Yellow River显示文摘Hyperconcentrated flows often occur in the middle and lower Yellow River(MLYR)and its tributaries,within which the main sediment source originates from the Loess Plateau of China due to serious water erosion.Little is known about the properties of river sediment that is transported by hyperconcentrated flows,particularly with respect to the mineral composition and size distribution.Samples of sediment and loess were collected in the northern,middle,and southern Loess Plateau and the mainstream and tributaries of the MLYR.A total of 18 loess samples and 24 river sediment samples were analyzed to determine their sediment size distribution and mineral composition.The bottom loess samples reflected the original sedimentary features of the Loess Plateau,and the median particle size reduced,and the clay content increased from the north to the south of the study region.The surface loess has been weathered under the action of wind and rainfall,and the clay particle content in the surface loess samples was higher than that in the undisturbed bottom loess.Erosion of the surface soil due to rainfall and surface runoff means that fine particles(mostly clay)have been washed away.The median diameter of surface loess particles was a little larger than that of the bottom loess particles where water erosion dominates.The particle size became coarser with increasing distance from the estuary in the MLYR,which reflects depositional sorting in the river channel.Significant logarithmic relations were found between the median diameter of the sediment particles and the i)non-clay mineral content and ii)clay mineral content.Thus,clay and non-clay mineral compositions can be conveniently estimated from the particle size distribution. | Shimin Tian Zhiwei Li Zhaoyin Wang Enhui Jiang Wenlong Wang Meng Sun | 2021 | International Journal of Sediment Research2021，36，3： | 3 |
| 16 | SHRINKAGE OF THE ESTUARINE CHANNELS OF THEHAIHE DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND ITS INFLUENCES ON FLOOD HAZARD显示文摘The reductions of runoff and sediment load in the Haihe River Basin and the causes of the shrinkage of the estuarine channels are analyzed in this paper it is concluded that the modern Yellow River sediment can be transported to the south part of the Bohai Bay, but rarely to the north part and the Tianjin Harbor. Sediment from the mid of the Bohai Bay does not affect the estuarine channels. The sediment caused the estuarine channels shrinkage are from the modern and ancient Yellow and the Haihe River deposit removed by wave. tidal current, and beach erosion. The influences of the estuary shrinkage on the flood discharge capacity of the river mouth channels and the flood hazard are discussed. The maximum capacity of the reservoirs and pools is about 20 billion m^3 in the south part of the basin while the capacity in the north part is only 7.5 billion m^3. Two 100 years floods occurred in the watershed in 1963 and in1996 with total runoff about 30 billion m^3 each. The economic loss in 1996 is about $6 billion, nearly two times of that in 1963 in the south part of the area. One of the main reasons is that the discharge capacity of the channels in the area had reduced by 50%. If another 100 years flood occurs in the south part again, the economic loss will be similar to that in 1996. If a 100 years flood occurs in the north part, the economic loss will be much higher than that in 1996. Because the storage capacity of reservoirs and pools in the area is much less than that in the south area. and discharge capacities of the north estuarine channels decreased more sharply than that of the south. Strategies for controlling estuary shrinkage are suggested. Physical and mathematical models show that trailer dredging combined with scouring with runoff or tidal water is economical and practical. Guiding dikes at the river mouths to prevent turbidity water entering into the estuarine channel will be a major strategy. Building a new gate combining the harbor may also mitigate the sedimentation of the mouth channels. | Hu, Shixiong Wang, Zhaoyin Ding, Pingxing | 1999 | International Journal of Sediment Research1999，14，2： | 2 |
| 17 | Threshold criterion for debris flow initiation in seasonal gullies显示文摘A series of flume experiments were done to investigate the effect of grain composition on the critical gradient and discharge of debris flows initiated in seasonal gullies.The results indicated that the critical gradient and discharge for debris flow initiation decrease initially,and then increase as the mass content of fine particles(< 2 mm) increases.As the mass content of fine particles increases,the angle of repose,permeability of widely graded gravel soils,and the incipient motion conditions of the coarse grains in non-uniform sediments decrease at first,and then increase.The mass content of fine particles of all inflection points is the same.The theoretical model based on the combination of hydrodynamic force and shear stress is more applicable to the prediction of the critical gradient for debris flow initiation.The critical discharge model considering the effect of non-homogeneity of the soil and the size of coarse and fine grains provides a more accurate prediction of debris flow initiation than other models based on the mean diameter. | Yang Wang Peng Cui Zhaoyin Wang Shuangqing Liang | 2017 | International Journal of Sediment Research2017，32，2： | 2 |
| 18 | The assemblage characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Yalutsangpo River, the highest major river in the world显示文摘因为与高高度联系的特定的地形学和环境参数,高地河的水的生态系统与低高度河的那些不同。Yalutsangpo, Brahmaputra 河的上面的功课,是在世界上的最高主要的河,越过西藏从西方流动到东方,中国并且流进印度。Macroinvertebrates 被取样从 Yalutsangpo 和它的支流,拉萨, Niyang,和 Parlong Tsangpo 河,从 2009 年 10 月到 2010 年 6 月,学习高地的人物水的生态系统。总的来说,属于 57 个家庭的 110 macroinvertebrate taxa 和 102 个类从盆被识别。macroinvertebrate 集合的生物多样性和作文被高度坡度强烈影响。taxa 丰富和改进 Shannon 牛肉熏香肠索引代表的本地差异在 3,3003,700 m,产地的适用性由于水温度,溶解的氧,和水的植被的更好综合的环境条件在之中是更高的高度高,等等。Macroinvertebrates 根据他们的喂的行为被组织进切碎机, scrapers,食肉动物, collector-filterers,和 collector-gatherers。功能的喂组的分布与产地高度变化了,这被发现。当 scrapers 主要住在 3,5004,500 m 的高度时,切碎机在 2,9004,400 m 的高度是在场的,并且 collector-filterers 比较喜欢 3,5004,000 m。尽管本地 taxa 丰富不在每个地点高,集合的分类作文和密度在不同地点之中极大地变化了,导致与有类似的流动和底层条件的低地河相比的许多更高的地区性的差异。Yalutsangpo 的地区性的累积 taxa 丰富减少了,当高度增加了,更多的家庭被失去。然而,当高度增加了,是最新在场的一些家庭为支撑高地区性的生物多样性是必要的。从 Detrended 通讯分析获得的分类图显示了那高度,河模式,河床结构,河岸结构,和流动条件是在 Yalutsangpo 盆影响了 macroinvertebrate 集合的主要因素。 | Mengzhen XU Zhaoyin WANG Baozhu PAN Guoan YU | 2014 | Frontiers of Earth Science2014，8，3： | 2 |
| 19 | INTERMITTENT AND CONTINUOUS BEHAVIOUR OF DEBRIS FLOW MOVEMENT显示文摘1INTRODUCTIONDebrisflowwavesareaformofrapidmasmovementofgranularsoils,vegetation,waterandairwithflowpropertiesthatvarywithwat... | Kerstin WINZEN 1, Zhaoyin WANG 2 and Andreas DITTRICH 3 | 1999 | International Journal of Sediment Research1999，14，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Ecological and hydraulic studies of step-pool systems显示文摘 | Wang Zhaoyin Melching C S Duan Xuehua | 2009 | Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE2009，135，9： | 1 |
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