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| 1 | Genome survey uncovers the secrets of sex and lifestyle in caterpillar fungus显示文摘The caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (best known as Cordyceps sinensis) mummifies ghost moth larvae exclusively in Tibetan Plateau alpine ecosystems. Touted as 'Himalayan Viagra', the fungus is highly prized due to its medical benefits and dwindling supplies. Attempts to culture the sexual fruiting-body have failed and the huge market demand has led to severe devastation of local ecosystems and to the fungus heading towards extinction. By genome sequencing, we establish that unlike related insect pathogens O. sinensis contains two compatible mating-type genes in its genome and is self-fertile, i.e. homothallic. However, sexual processes are only initiated under native environmental conditions. O. sinensis resembles biotrophic plant pathogens in having a genome shaped by retrotransposon-driven expansions. The resulting changes in gene content suggest that O. sinensis has a biphasic pathogenic mechanism beginning with stealth pathogenesis in early host instars. O. sinensis is the first psychrophilic fungus sequenced and is adapted to extreme cold with putative antifreeze proteins and mechanisms for increasing lipid accumulation and fatty acid unsaturation. We hypothesize that for the inbreeding O. sinensis the massive proliferation of retrotransposons provides a tradeoff between the advantages of increased genetic variation independent of sexual recombination and deletion of genes dispensable for its specialized pathogenic lifestyle. | HU Xiao ZHANG YongJie XIAO GuoHua ZHENG Peng XIA YongLiang ZHANG XingYu ST LEGER Raymond J LIU XingZhong WANG ChengShu | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，23： | 26 |
| 2 | 胎儿期恰逢1959~1961年饥荒的中国成人精神分裂症的发病率显示文摘背景:精神分裂症是一种常见的中度精神障碍。子宫内营养缺乏可增大患精神分裂症的危险。其主要依据来自1944~1945年荷兰饥饿冬天(Dutch Hunger Winter)研究,当时食品摄入在短期内极剧下降。这项有关饥荒期间受孕人群的大型队列研究显示,发生精神分裂症的危险增大两倍。
目的:确定经受1959~1961年大饥荒的中国人是否有相似的结果。
设计、地点及参试者:发生精神分裂症危险的调查于安徽省芜湖地区进行,这是当初受灾最重的地区之一。对饥荒之前、饥荒期间和饥荒以后出生的人群发病率进行比较。芜湖及其周围6个县是由一所精神病院负责的。对1971~2001年所有的精神病病历记录均进行检查。精神分裂症患者的临床和社会人口学资料由对自然灾害暴露情况不知情的研究者摘录。有关饥荒年出生人数和死亡人数的数据是有效可用的,累积死亡率根据以后的人口学调查进行估计。
主要观测指标:饥荒的证据已经核实,计算未校正的以及对死亡率进行校正后的发生精神分裂症的相对危险度。
结果:安徽省的出生率(每1000人)在饥荒期问降低了约80%,从1958年的28.28降至1959年的20.97、1960年的8.61和1961年的11.06。在饥荒期间出生的人,晚年发生精神分裂症的校正后危险明显增高,从1959年的0.84%增至1960年的2.15%和1961年的1.81%。死亡率校正相对危险在1960年出生者为2.30(95%可信区间,1.99~2.05),1961年出生者为1.93(95%可信区间,1.68~2.23)。
结论:我们的调查重复了荷兰不同种族人群的数据,结果显示,出生前遭受饥荒可增高晚年患精神分裂症的危险。 | David St Clair Mingqing Xu Peng Wang Yaqin Yu Yourong Fang Feng Zhang Xiaoying Zheng Niufan Gu Guoyin Feng Pak Sham Lin He 张继志(译) | 2006 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2006，25，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Use of hair coloring products and breast cancer risk:a case-control study in connecticut显示文摘 | Holford TR Mayne ST | 2002 | Eur J Cancer2002，38，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Efficient and provably secure password-based group key agreement protocol显示文摘 | Zheng M H Zhou H H Li J st al | 2009 | Computer Standards & Interfaces2009，31，5： | 1 |
| 5 | The expression and activation of ERK/MAPK pathway in human esophageal cancer celt line EC9706 显示文摘 | Zheng ST Huo Q Tuerxun A | 2011 | Mol Biol Rep2011，38，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Global trends and diversityin pentachlorophenol levels in the environment and in humans: a meta-analysis 显示文摘 | Zheng W W Wang X ~u H st al | 2011 | Environmental Science and Technology2011，45，11： | 1 |
| 7 | DDE and DDT in breast adipose tissue and risk of female breast cancer显示文摘 | Zheng TZ Holford TR Mayne ST | 1999 | Am J Epidemiol1999，150，5： | 1 |
| 8 | β-Benzene hexachloride in breast adipose tissue and risk of breast carcinoma显示文摘 | ZHENG T HOLFORD TR MAYNE ST | 1999 | Cancer1999，85，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Task-evoked pupillary response to mental workload in human-computer interaction显示文摘 | Iqbal ST Zheng XS Bailey BP | 2004 | CHI2004，20，3： | 1 |
| 10 | The expression and activation of ERK/MAPK pathway in human esophageal cancer cell line EC9706 显示文摘 | Zheng ST Huo Q Tuerxun A | 2011 | Mol Biol Rep2011，38，2： | 1 |
| 11 | shRNA interference for extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 can inhibit the growth of esophageal cancer cell line Eca109 显示文摘 | Huo Q Zheng ST Tuersun A | 2010 | J Re- cept Signal Transduct Res2010，30，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Expression and clinical sig?nificance of heparanase in neuroblastoma显示文摘 | Zheng LD Tong QS Tang ST | 2009 | WorldJ Pediatr2009，5，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Fibroblast growth factor receptors as molecular targets in thyroid carcinoma显示文摘 | St Bemard R Zheng L Liu W | 2005 | Endocrinology2005，146，3： | 1 |
| 14 | The status of phos- phorylated p38 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 显示文摘 | Zheng ST Zhang CS Qin X | 2012 | Mol Biol Rep2012，39，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Divinations and surprises: genetic analy sis of caspasefunction in mice显示文摘 | Zheng ST Flavell AR | 2000 | Exp Cell Res2000，256，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Appraisal of hepaticocutaneousjejunostomy in the management of hepatolithiasis显示文摘 | Fan ST Mok F Zheng SS | 1993 | Am J Surg1993，165，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Correlates of Sleep Behavior among Hemodialysis Patients显示文摘 | Sharon Wallace Williams Grethe ST Beiyao Zheng | 2002 | Am J Nephrol2002，22，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Exposure to electromagnetic fields from use of electric blankets and other in-home electrical appliances and breast cancer risk显示文摘 | Zheng T Holford TR Mayne ST | 2000 | Am J Epidemiol2000，151，： | 1 |
| 19 | Effects of salicylic acid (SA), ultraviolet radiation (UV-B and UV-C) on trans-resveratrol inducement in the skin of harvested grape berries 显示文摘 | Li XD Zheng XB Yan ST Li SH | 2008 | Frontiers of Agriculture in China2008，2，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Use of hair colouring products and breast cancer risk:a case- control study in connecticut 显示文摘 | Zheng T Holford TR Mayne ST | 2002 | Eur J Cancer2002，38，12： | 1 |
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