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| 1 | The changing epidemiology pattern and frequency distribution of hepatitis C virus in Pakistan显示文摘 | Sadia Butt Muhammad Idrees Haji Akbar Irshad ur Rehman Zunaira Awan Samia Afzal Abrar Hussain Muhammad Shahid Sobia Manzoor Shazia Rafique | 2010 | Infection Genetics and Evolution2010，，5： | 2 |
| 2 | Hepatitis C virus genotype 3a infection and hepatocellular carcinoma: Pakistan experience显示文摘AIM: To assess the association between chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Pakistan, and the genotype distribution among these HCC patients.METHODS: One hundred and sixty-one subjects with HCC were included in this study. Liver biopsy was performed on 145 of the patients; sixteen were excluded because they failed to fulfill the inclusion criteria. Qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for hepatitis B virus and HCV. Samples positive for HCV RNA were genotyped using genotype-specif ic PCR and conf irmed by HCV 5' noncoding region sequencing analysis. RESULTS: Chronic HCV infection was identified a major risk factor (63.44% of tested HCC patients) forthe development of HCC. The time from HCV infection to appearance of cancer was 10-50 years. In the HCC patient population, broader distributions of genotypes were present with genotype 3a as the predominant genotype. Using the type-specific genotyping method, we found HCV genotype 3a in 40.96%, 3b in 15.66%, 1a in 9.63%, and 1b in 2.40% of HCC tissue samples. About 28% of cases were found with mixed genotypes. Two cases were unable to be genotyped because of low viral load. Sixty-six percent of treated patients with cirrhosis had an end of treatment response, but unfortunately they relapsed quickly when the treatment was discontin-ued, and HCC developed during a median 3.8 years. CONCLUSION: There was a strong association between chronic HCV infection and HCC in Pakistan, and between HCV genotype 3a and HCC. | Muhammad Idrees Shazia Rafi que Irshad-ur Rehman Haji Akbar Muhammad Zubair Yousaf Sadia Butt Zunaira Awan Sobia Manzoor Madiha Akram Mahwish Aftab Bushra Khubaib Sheikh Riazuddin | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，40： | 1 |
| 3 | Near-Capacity CodeDesign for Entanglement Assisted Classical Communi-cation over Quantum Depolarizing Channels 显示文摘 | Babar Zunaira Ng S X Hanzo L | 2013 | IEEETransactions on Communication2013，61，12： | 1 |
| 4 | An integrated optimization and simulation approach for air pollution control under uncertainty in open-pit metal mine显示文摘Open-pit metal mines contribute toward air pollution and without effective control techniques manifests the risk of violation of environmental guidelines. This paper establishes a stochastic approach to conceptualize the air pollution control model to attain a sustainable solution. The model is formulated for decision makers to select the least costly treatment method using linear programming with a defined objective function and multi-constraints. Furthermore, an integrated fuzzy based risk assessment approach is applied to examine uncertainties and evaluate an ambient air quality systematically. The applicability of the optimized model is explored through an open-pit metal mine case study, in North America. This method also incorporates the meteorological data as input to accommodate the local conditions. The uncertainties in the inputs, and predicted concentration are accomplished by probabilistic analysis using Monte Carlo simulation method. The output results are obtained to select the cost-effective pollution control technologies for PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2 and greenhouse gases. The risk level is divided into three types (loose, medium and strict) using a triangular fuzzy membership approach based on different environmental guidelines. Fuzzy logic is then used to identify environmental risk through stochastic simulated cumulative distribution functions of pollutant concentration. Thus, an integrated modeling approach can be used as a decision tool for decision makers to select the cost-effective technology to control air pollution. | Zunaira Asif Zhi Chen | 2019 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2019，13，5： | 0 |
| 5 | Fabrication of novel thin-film composite membrane based on ultrathin metal-organic framework interlayer for enhancing forward osmosis performance显示文摘To improve operation efficiency,an interlayered thin-film composite forward osmosis(iTFC-FO)membrane was designed by introducing an ultrathin and porous interlayer based on aluminum tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin(a stable metal-organic framework nanosheet,Al-MOF).Surface characterization results revealed that Al-MoF spread evenly in the macro-porous substrate,and provided a flat and smooth reaction interface with moderate hydrophilicity and uniform small aperture.The resultant polyamide(PA)layer had a thin base(without intrusion into substrate)and crumpled surface(with abundant leaves).The leaves size and cross-linking degree of PA layer firstly increased and then decreased with the Al-MOF loading.Compared to the original membrane,the iTFC-FO showed an enhanced water permeability and a reduced reverse sodium flux in both modes of active layer facing feed solution(ALFS)and active layer facing draw solution(AL-DS).To be specific,the specific reverse sodium flux(reverse sodium flux/pure water flux)decreased from 0.27 g/L to 0.04 g/L in the AL-FS mode,while from 1.36 g/L to 0.23 g/L in the AL-DS mode with 2 mol/L NaCl as DS.Moreover,the iTFC-FO maintained high stability and high permeability under high-salinity and contaminated environment.This study offers a new possibility for the rational fabrication of high-performance TFC-FO membranes. | Hao Liu Bo Li Pin Zhao Rongming Xu Chuyang Y.Tang Weilong Song Zunaira Habib Xinhua Wang | 2023 | Chinese Chemical Letters2023，34，12： | 0 |
| 6 | Identification,Isolation and Characterization of GaCyPI Gene in Gossypium arboreum under Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease Stress显示文摘Pakistan is facing the threat of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus(CLCuV)which is transmitted through whitefly to cotton crop.Molecular mechanism of leaf epicuticular wax protects the plants from different pathogens including insect attack and disease transmission.Objective of current study is the isolation and characterization of a wax related gene GaCyPI from Gossypium arboreum under CLCuV infection.A fragment of 475 bp was isolated from the total RNA and 3’and 5’RACE-PCR products were arranged by overlapping the extended sequences at both the ends.Deduced protein sequence of GaCyPI showed homology with Cyclophilin cis-trans isomerase gene of Gossypium ramondii and Gossypium barbadanse.Multiple sequence alignment also revealed homology among the coding sequences of same gene.GaCyPI protein comprised of 173 amino acids and ORF finder revealed the 69 bases upstream at 5’while 350 bp at 3’UTR.InterProScan revealed that it belongs to Cyclophilin-type peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase(PPIase)family.Active sites are visible at specific amino acid positions and 3D structure was stable in Ramachandran plot.Prosa server showed protein residues have average 3D-1D score>=0.2 and Z-Score was−6.74.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that G.raimondii is the closest species that shares the same sequence.Hence,GaCyPI has strong role in plants’epicuticular wax and its genetic transformation may protect the cotton from whitefly which transmits CLCuV. | Zunaira Sher Muhammad Umair Majid Sameera Hassan Fatima Batool Beenish Aftab Bushra Rashid | 2021 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2021，90，6： | 0 |
| 7 | Evolution of Dissipative Anisotropic Expansion-Free Axial Fluids显示文摘A general study of non-static restricted class of axial system with anisotropic dissipative expansion-free fluid under geodesic condition is carried out. It is found that expansion-free model must be dissipative under geodesic condition to preserve axial symmetry. We also investigate this system without geodesic condition. Finally, the role of dissipation is explored via transport equation. | M.Sharif Zunaira Nasir | 2015 | Communications in Theoretical Physics2015，，8： | 0 |
| 8 | Agile Opportunities in the Chinese Automobile Market and Marketing Recommendations for Chinese Automakers显示文摘 | Zunaira Munir Shuhua Hu | 2006 | Chinese Business Review2006，5，3： | 0 |
| 9 | Effects of f(R) Model on Dynamics of Axial Shear-Free Dissipative Fluids显示文摘We present a general analysis on non-static axial system with dissipative shear-free anisotropic fluid using polynomial inflationary f(R) model.We study the effects of dissipation on the dynamics of geodesic matter distribution.This leads the system either to rotation-free or expansion-free but not both simultaneously under geodesic condition.It is found that the system preserves its symmetry in both cases.For the rotation-free case,when there is no dissipation and Ricci scalar is constant,the axial system reduces to FRW universe model.This is exactly the same result obtained in general relativity. | M.Sharif Zunaira Nasir | 2016 | Communications in Theoretical Physics2016，65，4： | 0 |
| 10 | Requirement Gathering Problems:Environmental Issues in Robot Development显示文摘This paper deals with the importance of environment consideration in developed countries while collecting the requirement from customer to make robot that would address the question'Why robots should be made more precisely according to the environment needs?'In developed countries,robots are used in manufacturing work as well as in performing the hazardous tasks such as bomb-disposal.So,there is a need to pay attention towards making the robots that can fit perfectly to some extent in environment to be utilized more efficiently.A lot of money,effort and time is spent on making the robots.But what if such a worth costing robot fails to fit in the operational environment?The best way to solve this problem is proposed in this paper which is to make the environment as a part of Requirement gathering process carrying high importance in robot making process to make the robots more Operational and suitable for the working environment.Like the other main attributes in requirement gathering process such as user requirements,system requirements and external requirements,there should be an attribute'Environmental requirements'which will automatically put emphasis on the considering also the environment as a main subject to pay heed. | Muhammad Arif Zunaira Shafqat Ali Samman Arooj | 2019 | Journal of Computer Science Research2019，1，1： | 0 |
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