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| 1 | Artemisinin, the Magic Drug Discovered from Traditional Chinese Medicine显示文摘Artemisinin and its derivatives represent the most important and influential class of drugs in the fight against malaria. Since the discovery of artemisinin in the early 1970s, the global community has made great strides in characterizing and understanding this remarkable phytochemical and its unique chemical and pharmacological properties. Today, even as artemisinin continues to serve as the foundation for antimalarial therapy, numerous challenges have surfaced in the continued application and development of this family of drugs. These challenges include the emergence of delayed treatment responses to artemisinins in malaria and efforts to apply artemisinins for non-malarial indications. Here, we provide an overview of the story of artemisinin in terms of its past, present, and future. In particular, we comment on the current understanding of the mechanism of action (MOA) of artemisinins, and emphasize the importance of relating mechanistic studies to therapeutic outcomes, both in malarial and non-malarial contexts. | Jigang Wang Chengchao Xu Yin Kwan Wong Yujie Li Fulong Liao Tingliang Jiang Youyou Tu | 2019 | Engineering2019，5，1： | 16 |
| 2 | The modification of natural products for medical use显示文摘Drug innovation is characterized by painstaking molecular-level syntheses and modifications as the basic components of research and development.Similarly,natural products are chemically tailored and modified based upon their structural and biological properties.To some extent,the modification of natural products is quite different from de novo structure-based drug discovery.This review describes the general strategies and principles for the modification of natural products to drugs,as illustrated by several successful medicines that originated from natural products. | Zongru Guo | 2017 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2017，7，2： | 14 |
| 3 | Dihydroartemisinin regulates the immune system by promotion of CD8^+T lymphocytes and suppression of B cell responses显示文摘Artemisia annua is an anti-fever herbal medicine first described in traditional Chinese medicine 1,000 years ago.Artemisinin,the extract of A.annua,and its derivatives(dihydroartemisinin(DHA),artemether,and artesunate)have been used for the treatment of malaria with substantial efficacy.Recently,DHA has also been tested for the treatment of lupus erythematosus,indicating that it may function to balance the immune response in immunocompromised individuals.In the present study,the regulatory effect of artemisinin on the murine immune system was systematically investigated in mice infected with two different protozoan parasites(Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium berghei).Our results revealed that the mouse spleen index significantly increased(spleen enlargement)in the healthy mice after DHA administration primarily due to the generation of an extra number of lymphocytes and CD8^+T lymphocytes in both the spleen and circulation.DHA could increase the proportion of T helper cells and CD8^+T cells,as well as decrease the number of splenic and circulatory B cells.Further,DHA could reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines.Our study revealed that apart from their anti-parasitic activity,artemisinin and its derivatives can also actively modulate the immune system to directly benefit the host. | Ting Zhang Yiwei Zhang Ning Jiang Xu Zhao Xiaoyu Sang Na Yang Ying Feng Ran Chen Qijun Chen | 2020 | Science China(Life Sciences)2020，63，5： | 12 |
| 4 | Artemisinin derivatives inhibit epithelial ovarian cancer cells via autophagy-mediated cell cycle arrest显示文摘Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)is the most fatal gynecologic malignancy due to its late diagnosis and lack of curative therapy.The antimalaria compound artemisinin and its derivatives,such as artesunate (ART)and dihydroartemisinin (DHA),have proven to be potent anticancer drugs and act through various anticancer mechanisms.To identify novel targets of artemisinin derivatives in EOC cells,we investigated the effects of ART and DHA on SKOV3 and primary EOC cell growth via CCK-8 assay.Both ART and DHA inhibited EOC cell growth.A cell cycle distribution analysis showed that ART and DHA caused G2/M cell cycle arrest.Moreover,ART and DHA induced autophagy in EOC cells,whereas autophagy inhibitors reversed the cell growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest induced by ART and DHA.Western blot analysis showed that ART and DHA also suppressed the cell cycle-related NF-κB-signaling pathway in EOC cells.These data suggest that artemisinin derivatives induce autophagy,block the cell cycle,and inhibit cell growth in EOC cells.Our research provides new targets for artemisinin derivatives for EOC treatment. | Boning Li Shixia Bu Junyan Sun Ying Guo Dongmei Lai | 2018 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2018，50，12： | 11 |
| 5 | Artemisinin anti-malarial drugs in China显示文摘Discovered by Youyou Tu, one of the 2015 Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine,together with many other Chinese scientists, artemisinin, artemether and artesunate, as well as other artemisinins, have brought the global anti-malarial treatment to a new era, saving millions of lives all around the world for the past 40 years. The discoveries of artemisinins were carried out beginning from the 1970 s, a special period in China, by hundreds of scientists all together under the 'whole nation'system. This article focusing on medicinal chemistry research, briefly introduced the discovery and invention course of the scientists according to the published papers, and highlighted their academic contribution and achievements. | Zongru Guo | 2016 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2016，6，2： | 11 |
| 6 | Allele-aware chromosome-level genome assembly of Artemisia annua reveals the correlation between ADS expansion and artemisinin yield显示文摘Artemisia annua is the major natural source of artemisinin,an anti-malarial medicine commonly used worldwide.Here,we present chromosome-level haploid maps for two A.annua strains with different artemisinin contents to explore the relationships between genomic organization and artemisinin production.High-fidelity sequencing,optical mapping,and chromatin conformation capture sequencing were used to assemble the heterogeneous and repetitive genome and resolve the haplotypes of A.annua.Approximately 5o,ooo genes were annotated for each haplotype genome,and a triplication event that occurred approximately 58.12million years ago was examined for the first time in this species.A total of 3,903,467-5,193,414 variants(SNPs,indels,and structural variants)were identified in the 1.5-Gb genome during pairwise comparison between haplotypes,consistent with the high heterozygosity of this species.Genomic analyses revealed a correlation between artemisinin concents and the copy number of amorpha-4,11-dienes ynthasegenes.This correlation was further confirmed by resequencing of 36A.annua samples with varied artemisinin contents.Circular consensus sequencing of transcripts facilitated the detection of paralog expression.Collectively,our study provides chromosome-level allele-aware genome assemblies for two A.annua strains and new insights into the biosynthesis of artemisinin and its regulation,which will contribute to conquering malaria worldwide. | Baosheng Liao Xiaofeng Shen Li Xiang Shuai Guo Shiyu Chen Ying Meng Yu Liang Dandan Ding Junqi Bai Dong Zhang Tomasz Czechowski Yi Li Hui Yao Tingyu Mai Caroline Howard Chao Sun Haitao Liu Jiushi Liu Jin Pei Jihai Gao Jigang Wang Xiaohui Qiu Zhihai Huang Hongyi Li Ling Yuan Jianhe Wei lan Graham Jiang Xu Boli Zhang Shilin Chen | 2022 | Molecular Plant2022，15，8： | 9 |
| 7 | Rheum emodin inhibits enterovirus 71 viral replication and affects the host cell cycle environment显示文摘人的 enterovirus (EV71 ) 71 是在亚洲的手,脚,和嘴疾病(HFMD ) 的最近的大规模爆发的主要原因的代理人。当前,没有为 HFMD 的预防和处理可得到的药。在这研究,我们比较了传统地为流行疾病的处理和预防被使用了的分别地,从中国植物汉语大黄, Artemisia carvifolia 和距骨提取的三自然混合物,感冒 emodin, artemisinin 和 astragaloside 的 anti-EV71 活动。人的肺成纤维细胞房间线 MRC5 与 EV71 感染嘲笑或感染,并且与药对待。这些药的 cytotoxicity 与 MTT 试金被检测。象房间死亡和压缩原子核那样的 cytopathic 效果词法上被观察。为 EV71 染色体复制要求的编码 VP1 顺序是有 qRT-PCR 的 assayed。病毒的蛋白质表示与西方的弄污被分析。病毒的 TCID50 决心评估 EV71 毒力。propidium 碘化物染色的流动 cytometry 分析被执行分析 MRC5 房间的房间周期分发。感冒 emodin (29.6 mol/L ) 有效地保护了 MRC5 房间免受导致 EV71 的 cytopathic 效果的伤害,它源于禁止病毒的复制:感冒 emodin 处理减少了由 5.34 褶层,由不到 30 褶层的病毒的蛋白质表示和由 0.33107 褶层的 EV71 毒力的病毒的 genomic 层次。病毒的毒力上的感冒 emodin 的抑制是比它 genomic 层次和病毒的蛋白质表示上的效果强壮得多的事实建议感冒 emodin 禁止了病毒的成熟。而且,感冒 emodin 处理显著地减少了在 S 的房间周期拘捕在 MRC5 房间分阶段执行,它被 EV71 感染导致并且赞成了病毒的复制。相反,既不 astragaloside (50 mol/L ) 也不 artemisinin (50 mol/L ) 显示出类似的 anti-EV71 活动。在测试的三自然混合物之中,感冒 emodin 有效地压制了 EV71 病毒的复制,因此是候选人 anti-HFMD 药。 | Ting ZHONG Li-ying ZHANG Zeng-yan WANG Yue WANG Feng-mei SONG Ya-hong ZHANG Jing-hua YU | 2017 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2017，38，3： | 9 |
| 8 | Antitumor Research on Artemisinin and Its Bioactive Derivatives显示文摘Cancer is the leading cause of human death which seriously threatens human life.The antimalarial drug artemisinin and its derivatives have been discovered with considerable anticancer properties.Simultaneously,a variety of target-selective artemisinin-related compounds with high efficiency have been discovered.Many researches indicated that artemisinin-related compounds have cytotoxic effects against a variety of cancer cells through pleiotropic effects,including inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells,promoting apoptosis,inducing cell cycle arrest,disrupting cancer invasion and metastasis,preventing angiogenesis,mediating the tumor-related signaling pathways,and regulating tumor microenvironment.More importantly,artemisinins demonstrated minor side effects to normal cells and manifested the ability to overcome multidrug-resistance which is widely observed in cancer patients.Therefore,we concentrated on the new advances and development of artemisinin and its derivatives as potential antitumor agents in recent 5 years.It is our hope that this review could be helpful for further exploration of novel artemisinin-related antitumor agents. | Yunqin Zhang Guowei Xu Shuqun Zhang Dong Wang PSaravana Prabha Zhili Zuo | 2018 | Natural Products and Bioprospecting2018，8，4： | 8 |
| 9 | Differential Effect of Artemisinin Against Cancer Cell Lines显示文摘The present study aims at defining the differential cytotoxicity effect of artemisinin toward P815(murin mastocytoma)and BSR(kidney adenocarcinoma of hamster)cell lines.Cytotoxicity was measured by the growth inhibition using MTT assay.These in vitro cytotoxicity studies were complemented by the determination of apoptotic DNA fragmentation and Annexin V-streptavidin-FITC assay.Furthermore,we examined the in vitro synergism between artemisinin and the chemotherapeutic drug,vincristin.The in vivo study was investigated using the DBA2/P815(H2d)mouse model.While artemisinin acted on both tumor cell lines,P815 was much more sensitive to this drug than BSR cells,as revealed by the respective IC50 values(12 lM for P815 and 52 lM for BSR cells).On another hand,and interestingly,apoptosis was induced in P815 but not induced in BSR.These data,reveal an interesting differential cytotoxic effect,suggesting the existence of different molecular interactions between artemisinin and the studied cell lines.In vivo,our results clearly showed that the oral administration of artemisinin inhibited solid tumor development.Our study demonstrates that artemisinin caused differential cytotoxic effects depending not only on the concentration and time of exposure but also on the target cells. | Mounir Tilaoui Hassan Ait Mouse Abdeslam Jaafari Abdelmajid Zyad | 2014 | Natural Products and Bioprospecting2014，4，3： | 8 |
| 10 | Synergistic antitumor activity of sorafenib and artesunate in hepatocellular carcinoma cells显示文摘Sorafenib is currently the standard chemotherapy drug for treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).But its efficacy requires improvement,it is imperative to seek therapeutic strategies that combine sorafenib with other anticancer agents.In this study we investigated the synergistic anticancer effect of combining sorafenib and artesunate,an anti-malaria drug derivative,against HCC in vitro and in vivo.We first showed that artesunate(1–100μM)alone dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of five HCC cell lines tested with IC50 values of around 100μM.Artesunate treatment dose-dependently increased the ROS level in both HuH7 and Hep3B cells;addition of NAC significantly ameliorated the antiproliferation effect of artesunate against HuH7 and Hep3B cells.Then we demonstrated that combination of sorafenib and artesunate exerted synergistic antiproliferation effect and induced synergistic apoptosis in HCC cell lines.In nude mice bearing Hep3B xenografts,combined administration of sorafenib and artesunate significantly enhanced the suppression on tumor growth.We further revealed that sorafenib dose-dependently decreased the levels of p-ERK and p-STAT3,whereas artesunate markedly increased the levels of p-ERK and p-STAT3 in HuH7 and Hep3B cells.When used in combination,sorafenib abolished artesunate-elevated levels of p-STAT3 and p-ERK.Moreover,pharmacological inhibition of ERK by inhibitor PD0325901 or STAT3 by inhibitor Stattic markedly enhanced the anticancer activity of artesunate,suggesting that suppression of ERK and STAT3 signaling by sorafenib contributes to the synergistic anticancer activity against HCC caused by combination of sorafenib and artesunate.Taken together,our results provide an evidence for possible use of sorafenib plus artesunate or artemisinin analogs for treatment of HCC in the future. | Xu Yao Chen-ru Zhao Hao Yin KeWei Wang Jian-jun Gao | 2020 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2020，41，12： | 7 |
| 11 | Facile synthesis of graphene via reduction of graphene oxide by artemisinin in ethanol显示文摘The preparation of reduced graphene oxide(RGO)by chemical reduction of graphene oxide(GO)usually involves highly toxic reducing agents which are harmful to the environment and human health.In this paper,a mediated facile and relative green approach for the preparation of RGO in ethanol using artemisinin as a reducing agent is reported for the first time.The morphology and de-oxidation efficiency of the obtained RGO were characterized by transmission electron microscope(TEM),atomic force microscope(AFM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The results showed that artemisinin can effectively reduce GO into few-layered RGO with a high carbon to oxygen ratio(11.7).The mechanism for elimination of oxygen-containing functional groups decorated on GO nanosheets by artemisinin was proposed.The important features of relatively environmentally friendly and facile operation procedures endow this approach with great promise in the mass production of RGO and various graphene-based materials,especially for biomaterials. | Dandan Hou Qinfu Liu Xianshuai Wang Ying Quan Zhichuan Qiao Li Yu Shuli Ding | 2018 | Journal of Materiomics2018，4，3： | 6 |
| 12 | Discovery and Development of Artemisinin and Related Compounds显示文摘Artemisinin is isolated from the plant Artemisia annua,sweet wormwood,an herb employed in traditional Chinese medicine.Prof.You-you Tu discovered artemisinin in the 1960 s,so she was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Artemisinin and its semi-synthetic derivatives are a group of drugs that possess the most rapid action of all current drugs against Plasmodium falciparum malaria.In this review,the author investigated history on discovery of artemisinin,ethnopharmacology of Artemisia plants,chemistry and pharmacological activities of the relative compounds,and introduced Tu and other Chinese and world scientists' contribution,development of artemisinin and the related compounds and registered and marketed artemisinin drugs in China,UK,and USA.The author also recalled the studies on the mechanism of action of artemisinins and artemisinin combination therapies and summed up the resistance issues.In Current Recommendations and the Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management in Malaria Vectors(CPIRM),that the WHO prevents the development and manages the spread of insecticide resistance is summarized in the technical basis for coordinated action against insecticide resistance:preserving the effectiveness of modern malaria vector control.Prof.Tu re-emphasized the artemisinin resistant on five principles to the WHO.She called on the world's scientists to pay attention to the study of drug resistance,and hopes scientists to contribute to break resistance of artemisinins. | Chang-xiao Liu | 2017 | Chinese Herbal Medicines2017，9，2： | 6 |
| 13 | Artemisinin Biosynthesis in Non-glandular Trichome Cells of Artemisia annua显示文摘Artemisinin-based combination therapy(ACT)forms the first line of malaria treatment.However,the yield fluctuation of artemisinin has remained an unsolved problem in meeting the global demand for ACT.This problem is mainly caused by the glandular trichome(GT)-specific biosynthesis of artemisinin in all currently used Artemisia annua cultivars.Here,we report that non-GT cells of self-pollinated inbred A.annua plants can express the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway.Gene expression analysis demonstrated the transcription of six known pathway genes in GT-free leaves and calli of inbred A.annua plants.LC-qTOF-MS/MS analysis showed that these two types of GT-free materials produce artemisinin,artemisinic acid,and arteannuin B.Detailed IR-MALDESI image profiling revealed that these three metabolites and dihydroartemisinin are localized in non-GT cells of leaves of inbred A.annua plants.Moreover,we employed all the above approaches to examine artemisinin biosynthesis in the reported XL annua glandless(gl)mutant.The resulting data demonstrated that leaves of regenerated gl plantlets biosynthesize artemisinin.Codectively,these findings not only add new knowledge leading to a revision of the current dogma of artemisinin biosynthesis inannua but also may expedite innovation of novel metabolic engineering approaches for high and stable production of artemisinin in the future. | Rika Judd M.Caleb Bagley Mingzhuo Li Yue Zhu Caiyan Lei Seyit Yuzuak Mans Ekelof Gaobin Pu Xiting Zhao David C.Muddiman De-Yu Xie | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，5： | 5 |
| 14 | Nobel prize for the artemisinin and ivermectin discoveries: a great boost towards elimination of the global infectious diseases of poverty显示文摘The Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)made a marked transformation for neglected and vulnerable communities in the developing countries from the start,but infectious diseases of poverty(IDoPs)continue to inflict a disproportionate global public health burden with associated consequences,thereby contributing to the vicious cycle of poverty and inequity.However,the effectiveness and large-scale coverage of artemisinin combination therapy(ACT)have revolutionized malaria treatment just as the control of lymphatic filariasis(LF)and onchocerciasis have benefitted from harnessing the broad-spectrum effect of avermectin-based derivatives.The paradigm shift in therapeutic approach,effected by these two drugs and their impact on community-based interventions of parasitic diseases plaguing the endemic low-and middle-income countries(LIMCs),led to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.However,the story would not be complete without mentioning praziquantel.The huge contribution of this drug in modernizing the control of schistosomiasis and also some intestinal helminth infections had already shifted the focus from control to potential elimination of this disease.Together,these new drugs have provided humankind with powerful new tools for the alleviation of infectious diseases that humans have lived with since time immemorial.These drugs all have broad-spectrum effects,yet they are very safe and can even be packaged together in various combinations.The strong effect on so many of the great infectious scourges in the developing countries has not only had a remarkable influence on many endemic diseases,but also contributed to improving the cost structure of healthcare.Significant benefits include improved quality of preventive and curative medicine,promotion of community-based interventions,universal health coverage and the fostering of global partnerships.The laudable progress and benefits achieved are indispensable in championing,strengthening and moving forward elimination of the IDoPs.However,there is an urgent need for further innovative,contextual and integrated approaches along with the advent of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),replacing the MDGs in ensuring global health security,well-being and economic prosperity for all. | Ernest Tambo Emad IMKhater Jun-Hu Chen Robert Bergquist Xiao-Nong Zhou | 2015 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2015，4，1： | 5 |
| 15 | Quantum chemical studies on antimalarial of artemisinin (qinghaosu) derivatives显示文摘In this paper theoretical studies were performed on artemisinin (qinghaosu) derivatives with semiempirical quantum chemical methods AMI and PM3. The antimalarial activity -logC has an obvious correlation with the net charge of C(16) and bond orders of bonds O(1)-C(10), O(2)-C(6), O(1)-O(2) and O(5)-C(16). According to the calculation results, we derived structure-activity relationship, presented the probable pharmacophore of qinghaosu derivatives and the interaction fashion between the drugs and the plasmodium receptor. | JIANG, HL CHEN, KX TANG, Y CHEN, JZ JI, RY | 1995 | Chinese Journal of Chemistry1995，13，2： | 5 |
| 16 | Artemisinin resistance or tolerance in human malaria patients显示文摘Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world.This situation is mainly due to emergence of resistance to most antimalarial drugs currently available. Artemisinin-based combination treatments are now first-line drugs for Plasmodium falciparum (P.falciparum) malaria.Artemisinin(qinghaosu) and its derivatives are the most rapid acting and efficacious antimalarial drugs.This review highlights most recent investigations into the emergence of artemisinin resistance in falciparum malaria patients on the Thai-Cambodian border,a historical epicenter for multidrug resistance spread spanning over 50 years.The study presents the first evidence that highlights the parasites reduced susceptibility to artemisinin treatment by prolonged parasite-clearance times,raising considerable concern on resistance development.Although the exact mechanism of action remains unresolved,development of resistance was proposed based from both in vitro experiments and human patients.Lines of evidence suggested that the parasites in the patients are in dormant forms,presumably tolerate to the drug pressure.The World Health Organization has launched for prevention and/or containment of the artemisinin-resistant malaria parasites.Taken together,the emergence of artemisinin resistance to the most potent antidote for falciparum malaria,poses a serious threat to global malaria control and prompts renewed efforts for urgent development of new antimalarial weapons. | Jerapan Krungkrai Waranya Imprasittichai Sumintra Otjungreed Sawirasagee Pongsabut Sudaratana R Krungkrai | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，9： | 4 |
| 17 | Treatment of Iron-Loaded Veterinary Sarcoma by Artemisia annua显示文摘Artemisinin,a constituent of Artemisia annua L.,is a well-known antimalarial drug.Artemisinin-type drugs also inhibit cancer growth in vitro and in vivo.Herbal extracts of A.annua inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines.Here,we report on the use of capsules containing powder of Herba Artemisiae annuae to treat pet sarcoma.The surgical tumor removal as standard treatment was supplemented by adjuvant therapy with A.annua.One cat and one dog with fibrosarcoma survived 40 and 37 months,respectively,without tumor relapse.Two other dogs suffering from fibrosarcoma and hemangioendothelial sarcoma also showed complete remission and are still alive after 39 and 26 months,respectively.A.annua was well tolerated without noticeable side effects.These four cases indicate that A.annua may be a promising herbal drug for cancer therapy. | Elmar Breuer Thomas Efferth | 2014 | Natural Products and Bioprospecting2014，4，2： | 4 |
| 18 | More than anti-malarial agents: therapeutic potential of artemisinins in neurodegeneration显示文摘Artemisinin,also called qinghaosu,is originally derived from the sweet wormwood plant(Artemisia annua),which is used in traditional Chinese medicine.Artemisinin and its derivatives(artemisinins)have been widely used for many years as anti-malarial agents,with few adverse side effects.Interestingly,evidence has recently shown that artemisinins might have a therapeutic value for several other diseases beyond malaria,including cancers,inflammatory diseases,and autoimmune disorders.Neurodegeneration is a challenging age-associated neurological disorder characterized by deterioration of neuronal structures as well as functions,whereas neuroinflammation has been considered to be an underlying factor in the development of various neurodegenerative disorders,including Alzheimer’s disease.Recently discovered properties of artemisinins suggested that they might be used to treat neurodegenerative disorders by decreasing oxidation,inflammation,and amyloid beta protein(Aβ).In this review,we will introduce artemisinins and highlight the possible mechanisms of their neuroprotective activities,suggesting that artemisinins might have therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders. | Bing-Wen Lu Larry Baum Kwok-Fai So Kin Chiu Li-Ke Xie | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，9： | 4 |
| 19 | A Preliminary Study on Combination Therapy of Artemisinin Dimer Oxime and Topotecan against Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer in Mice显示文摘Background: Artemisinin dimer oxime – dimer molecule synthesized from artemisinin possesses high bioavailability and marked in vitro anticancer activities against solid tumor?derived cell lines, endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenic processes. Numerous murine models have been developed to study human cancer. The most widely used models are the human tumor xenograft mouse model. Materials and Methods: In this study, human tumor cells(NCI?H640, 1 × 107 in 100 μL) are implanted subcutaneously, or 1 × 107 in 50 μL in the thoracic cavity, in athymic nude mice(nu/nu). The implanted cells were allowed to grow for 10 days before initiation of drug treatment(dimer oxime and topotecan, ip). Tumor volume and thoracic/body weight ratio were recorded. Results: We successfully established subcutaneous and thoracic xenografts with human nonsmall cell lung cancer cell line xenografts in athymic nude mice in only 10 days. Using these models, we attempted treatment of xenografts with topotecan – a known anticancer drug and artemisinin dimer oxime or combination of these two drugs. Combination therapy showed a significant reduction in tumor volume and tumor/body weight. Treatments with combination of topotecan and dimer oxime resulted in the reduced mortality rates in comparison with untreated mice. Conclusions: Xenograft tumor models are useful for preclinical screening of new pharmacophores. From this preliminary study, it appears that combination of dimer oxime and topotecan may be used as chemotherapeutic agents against nonsmall cell lung cancer. Further studies are needed to evaluate other combination treatment regimens as well as the mechanism(s) of action. | Mohammad K.Ashfaq Mohamed Sadek Abdel-Bakky Mir Tahir Maqbool Waseem Gul Mahmoud A.ElSohly | 2018 | World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2018，4，1： | 3 |
| 20 | 青蒿素在全球疟疾控制中的地位与作用显示文摘2015年10月5日,瑞典卡罗琳医学院宣布将2015年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予中国药学家屠呦呦与另外两位海外科学家,以表彰他们在疟疾等寄生虫病治疗研究方面的贡献,屠呦呦成为首位获得此奖项的中国科学家.疟疾是一种由蚊媒传播、疟原虫引起的具有传染性的寄生虫病,青蒿素的发现及其在疟疾治疗方面的应用,每年可以挽救数以百万计疟疾患者的生命. | 黄芳 周晓农 | 2016 | 科学通报2016，61，15： | 3 |
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