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| 1 | Biomarkers for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although the prognosis of patients with HCC is generally poor, the5-year survival rate is > 70% if patients are diagnosed at an early stage. However, early diagnosis of HCC is complicated by the coexistence of inflammation and cirrhosis. Thus, novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCC are required. Currently, the diagnosis of HCC without pathological correlation is achieved by analyzing serum α.fetoprotein levels combined with imaging techniques. Advances in genomics and proteomics platforms and biomarker assay techniques over the last decade have resulted in the identification of numerous novel biomarkers and have improved the diagnosis of HCC. The most promising biomarkers,such as glypican-3, osteopontin, Golgi protein-73 and nucleic acids including microRNAs, are most likely to become clinically validated in the near future. These biomarkers are not only useful for early diagnosis of HCC, but also provide insight into the mechanisms driving oncogenesis. In addition, such molecular insight creates the basis for the development of potentially more effective treatment strategies. In this article,we provide an overview of the biomarkers that are currently used for the early diagnosis of HCC. | Nobuhiro Tsuchiya Yu Sawada Itaru Endo Keigo Saito Yasushi Uemura Tetsuya Nakatsura | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，37： | 72 |
| 2 | MiRNA as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer显示文摘Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world.Aberrant expression of microRNAs(miRNAs)is the hallmarks of this disease.MiRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs that involved in many biological processes(e.g.,cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,invasion and development)through gene repression.Deregulation of miRNA expression in gastric tumors and cancer cell lines have been documented to contribute in tumorigenesis,and the expression signature may correlate with different cancer types and clinicopathological features.Here,we summarized the updated gastric cancer-associated miRNAs and the downstream targets in the process of tumorigenesis.Recently,many researchers make use of the miRNA microarray platform to profile miRNA expression in gastric cancer and correlated with different clinical parameters.Its application on cancer diagnosis,prognosis and predictive treatment response rate are still underway and needs further investigation.Emerging roles of miRNAs with oncogenic or tumor suppressive properties in gastric tumorigenesis were discussed.Epigenetic silencing of miRNA by hypermethylation of promoter CpG island was also observed in gastric cancer.However,detailed mechanisms of how miRNAs regulate gene expression in gastric cancer has not been well studied.In this review,we highlight the upto-date findings on the deregulated miRNAs in gastric cancer,and the potential use of miRNA in the clinical settings,such as diagnostic/prognostic markers and chemotherapeutic tools. | Vivian Yvonne Shin Kent-Man Chu | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，30： | 59 |
| 3 | Advances in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most prevalent cancers globally.In contrast to the declining death rates observed for all other common cancers such as breast,lung,and prostate cancers,the death rates for HCC continue to increase by^2e3%per year because HCC is frequently diagnosed late and there is no curative therapy for an advanced HCC.The early diagnosis of HCC is truly a big challenge.Over the past years,the early diagnosis of HCC has relied on surveillance with ultrasonography(US)and serological assessments of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP).However,the specificity and sensitivity of US/AFP is not satisfactory enough to detect early onset HCC.Recent technological advancements offer hope for early HCC diagnosis.Herein,we review the progress made in HCC diagnostics,with a focus on emerging imaging techniques and biomarkers for early disease diagnosis. | Weiyi Wang Chao Wei | 2020 | Genes & Diseases2020，7，3： | 42 |
| 4 | Cytokines as biochemical markers for knee osteoarthritis显示文摘Osteoarthritis(OA) is a debilitating degenerative joint disease particularly affecting weightbearing joints within the body, principally the hips and knees. Current radiographic techniques are insufficient to show biochemical changes within joint tissue which can occur many years before symptoms become apparent. The need for better diagnostic and prognostic tools is heightened with the prevalence of OA set to increase in aging and obese populations. As inflammation is increasingly beingconsidered an important part of OAs pathophysiology, cytokines are being assessed as possible candidates for biochemical markers. Cytokines, both pro- and antiinflammatory, as well as angiogenic and chemotactic, have in recent years been studied for relevant characteristics. Biochemical markers show promise in determination of the severity of disease in addition to monitoring of the efficacy and safety of disease-modifying OA drugs, with the potential to act as diagnostic and prognostic tools. Currently, the diagnostic power of interleukin(IL)-6 and the relationship to disease burden of IL-1β, IL-15, tumor necrosis factor-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor make these the best candidates for assessment. Grouping appropriate cytokine markers together and assessing them collectively alongside other bone and cartilage degradation products will yield a more statistically powerful tool in research and clinical applications, and additionally aid in distinguishing between OA and a number of other diseases in which cytokines are known to have an involvement. Further large scale studies are needed to assess the validity and efficacy of current biomarkers, and to discover other potential biomarker candidates. | Thomas Mabey Sittisak Honsawek | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，1： | 38 |
| 5 | Inflammation-related factors predicting prognosis of gastric cancer显示文摘Gastric cancer(GC),which is mainly induced by Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection,is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the developing world.Active inflammation initiated by H.pylori infection and maintained by inherent immune disorders promotes carcinogenesis and postoperative recurrence.However,the presence with H.pylori in tumors has been linked to a better prognosis,possibly due to the induction of antitumor immunity.Tumor infiltrations of tumorassociated macrophages,myeloid-derived suppressor cells,neutrophils,Foxp3+regulatory T cells are correlated with poor prognosis.Tumor infiltrating CD8+cytotoxic T lymphocytes,dendritic cells,and CD45RO T cells are generally associated with good prognosis of GC,although some subsets of these immune cells have inverse prognosis prediction values.High ratios of Foxp3+/CD4+and Foxp3+/CD8+in tumors are associated with a poor prognosis;whereas high Th1/Th2ratio in tumors predicts a good prognosis.High levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,IL-32,and chemokine C-C motif ligands(CCL)7 and CCL21 in circulation,high expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4,chemokine C-C motif receptor(CCR)3,CCR4,CCR5,CCR7,hypoxiainducible factor-1α,signal transducer activator of transcription-3,cyclooxygenase-2,and orphan nuclear receptor 4A2 in tumors are associated with an unfavorable prognosis.Increased serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)-3,MMP-7,and MMP-11 and increased levels of MMP-9,MMP-12,and MMP-21 in tumors are consistently associated with poor survival of GC.Further emphasis should be put on the integration of these biomarkers and validation in large cohorts for personalized prediction of GC postoperative prognosis. | Wen-Jun Chang Yan Du Xin Zhao Li-Ye Ma Guang-Wen Cao | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，16： | 39 |
| 6 | Implication of miRNAs for inflammatory bowel disease treatment:Systematic review显示文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is believed to develop via a complex interaction between genetic,environmental factors and the mucosal immune system.Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are two major clinical forms of IBD.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of small,endogenous,noncoding RNA molecules,and evolutionary conserved in animals and plants.It controls protein production at the post-transcriptional level by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or degradation.MiRNAs are important in many biological processes,such as signal transduction,cellular proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.Considerable attention has been paid on the key role of miRNAs in autoimmune and inflammatory disease,especially IBD.Recent studies have identified altered miRNA profiles in ulcerative colitis,Crohn’s disease and inflammatory bowel diseaseassociated colorectal cancer.In addition,emerging data have implicated that special miRNAs which suppress functional targets play a critical role in regulating key pathogenic mechanism in IBD.MiRNAs were found involving in regulation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B pathway(e.g.,miR-146a,miR-146b,miR-122,miR-132,miR-126),intestinal epithelial barrier function(e.g.,miR-21,miR-150,miR-200b)and the autophagic activity(e.g.,miR-30c,miR-130a,miR-106b,miR-93,miR-196).This review aims at discussing recent advances in our understanding of miRNAs in IBD pathogenesis,their role as disease biomarkers,and perspective for future investigation and clinical application. | Wei-Xu Chen Li-Hua Ren Rui-Hua Shi | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2014，5，2： | 31 |
| 7 | Colorectal cancer tumour markers and biomarkers:Recenttherapeutic advances显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among females and third among males worldwide. It also contributes significantly to cancer-related deaths, despite the continuous progress in diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Biomarkers currently play an important role in the detection and treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. Risk stratification for screening might be augmented by finding new biomarkers which alone or as a complement of existing tests might recognize either the predisposition or early stage of the disease. Biomarkers have also the potential to change diagnostic and treatment algorithms by selecting the proper chemotherapeutic drugs across a broad spectrum of patients. There are attempts to personalise chemotherapy based on presence or absence of specific biomarkers. In this review, we update review published last year and describe our understanding of tumour markers and biomarkers role in CRC screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Goal of future research is to identify those biomarkers that could allow a non-invasive and cost-effective diagnosis, as well as to recognise the best prognostic panel and define the predictive biomarkers for available treatments. | Gustaw Lech Robert Słotwiński Maciej Słodkowski Ireneusz Wojciech Krasnodębski | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，5： | 33 |
| 8 | Clinical Research on Alzheimer's Disease: Progress and Perspectives显示文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD), the most common type of dementia, is becoming a major challenge for global health and social care. However, the current understanding of AD pathogenesis is limited, and no early diagnosis and disease-modifying therapy are currently available. During the past year, significant progress has been made in clinical research on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of AD.In this review, we summarize the latest achievements,including diagnostic biomarkers, polygenic hazard score,amyloid and tau PET imaging, clinical trials targeting amyloid-beta(Ab), tau, and neurotransmitters, early intervention, and primary prevention and systemic intervention approaches, and provide novel perspectives for further efforts to understand and cure the disease. | Bin-Lu Sun Wei-Wei Li Chi Zhu Wang-Sheng Jin Fan Zeng Yu-Hui Liu Xian-Le Bu Jie Zhu Xiu-Qing Yao Yan-Jiang Wang | 2018 | Neuroscience Bulletin2018，34，6： | 29 |
| 9 | Current status, problems, and perspectives of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease research显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a major chronic liver disease that can lead to liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and ultimately death. NAFLD is pathologically classified as non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFL) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) based on the existence of ballooned hepatocytes,although the states have been known to transform into each other. Moreover,since the detection of ballooned hepatocytes may be difficult with limited biopsied specimens, its clinical significance needs reconsideration. Repeated liver biopsy to assess histological NAFLD activity for therapeutic response is also impractical, creating the need for body fluid biomarkers and less invasive imaging modalities. Recent longitudinal observational studies have emphasized the importance of advanced fibrosis as a determinant of NAFLD outcome. Thus,identifying predictors of fibrosis progression and developing better screening methods will enable clinicians to isolate high-risk NAFLD patients requiring early intensive intervention. Despite the considerable heterogeneity of NAFLD with regard to underlying disease, patient age, and fibrosis stage, several clinical trials are underway to develop a first-in-class drug. In this review, we summarize the present status and future direction of NAFLD/NASH research towards solving unmet medical needs. | Naoki Tanaka Takefumi Kimura Naoyuki Fujimori Tadanobu Nagaya Michiharu Komatsu Eiji Tanaka | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，2： | 29 |
| 10 | Non-invasive diagnosis of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis显示文摘Liver cirrhosis is a common and growing public health problem globally.The diagnosis of cirrhosis portends an increased risk of morbidity and mortality.Liver biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of cirrhosis and staging of fibrosis.However,despite its universal use,liver biopsy is an invasive and inaccurate gold standard with numerous drawbacks.In order to overcome the limitations of liver biopsy,a number of non-invasive techniques have been investigated for the assessment of cirrhosis.This review will focus on currently available non-invasive markers of cirrhosis.The evidence behind the use of these markers will be highlighted,along with an assessment of diagnostic accuracy and performance characteristics of each test.Non-invasive markers of cirrhosis can be radiologic or serum-based.Radiologic techniques based on ultrasound,magnetic resonance imaging and elastography have been used to assess liver fibrosis.Serum-based biomarkers of cirrhosis have also been developed.These are broadly classified into indirect and direct markers.Indirect biomarkers reflect liver function,which may decline with the onset of cirrhosis.Direct biomarkers,reflect extracellular matrix turnover,and include molecules involved in hepatic fibrogenesis.On the whole,radiologic and serum markers of fibrosis correlate well with biopsy scores,especially when excluding cirrhosis or excluding fibrosis.This feature is certainly clinically useful,and avoids liver biopsy in many cases. | Suraj Sharma Korosh Khalili Geoffrey Christopher Nguyen | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，45： | 28 |
| 11 | Acute kidney injury in acute-on-chronic liver failure is different from in decompensated cirrhosis显示文摘AIM To evaluate the differences in acute kidney injury(AKI) between acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF) and decompensated cirrhosis(DC) patients. METHODS During the period from December 2015 to July 2017, 280 patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related ACLF(HBV-ACLF) and 132 patients with HBV-related DC(HBV-DC) who were admitted to our center were recruited consecutively into an observational study. Urine specimens were collected from all subjects and the levels of five urinary tubular injury biomarkers were detected,including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL), interleukin-18(IL-18), liver-type fatty acid binding protein(L-FABP), cystatin C(CysC), and kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1). Simultaneously, the patient demographics, occurrence and progression of AKI, and response to terlipressin therapy were recorded. All patients were followed up for 3 mo or until death after enrollment. RESULTS AKI occurred in 71 and 28 of HBV-ACLF and HBV-DC patients, respectively(25.4% vs 21.2%, P = 0.358). Among all patients, the levels of four urinary biomarkers(NGAL, CysC, L-FABP, IL-18) were significantly elevated in patients with HBV-ACLF and AKI(ACLF-AKI), compared with that in patients with HBV-DC and AKI(DC-AKI) or those without AKI. There was a higher proportion of patients with AKI progression in ACLF-AKI patients than in DC-AKI patients(49.3% vs 17.9%, P = 0.013). Fortythree patients with ACLF-AKI and 19 patients with DC-AKI were treated with terlipressin. The response rate of ACLFAKI patients was significantly lower than that of patients with DC-AKI(32.6% vs 57.9%, P = 0.018). Furthermore, patients with ACLF-AKI had the lowest 90 d survival rates among all groups(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION AKI in ACLF patients is more likely associated with structural kidney injury, and is more progressive, with a poorer response to terlipressin treatment and a worse prognosis than that in DC patients. | Qun-Qun Jiang Mei-Fang Han Ke Ma Guang Chen Xiao-Yang Wan Semvua Bukheti Kilonzo Wen-Yu Wu Yong-Li Wang Jie You Qin Ning | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，21： | 25 |
| 12 | Mechanism of exosomal microRNA-224 in development of hepatocellular carcinoma and its diagnostic and prognostic value显示文摘BACKGROUND Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, and biological molecules such as DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids in exosomes are a group of molecules that can act as biomarkers. Currently, there are many reports on exosomal microRNAs, which are ideal biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cancer. However, there are few reports on the role of exosomal microRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).AIM To understand the mechanism of exosomal microRNA-224(miR-224) in the development of HCC and evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic value.METHODS Cell culture and transfection of exosomal miRNA-224, real-time quantitative PCR, luciferase reporter assay, and other methods were used to find new biomarkers related to the development of HCC that can be used to diagnose HCC and predict HCC prognosis.RESULTSBy targeting glycine N-methyltransferase, incubating exosomes with miR-224 mimic resulted in a significant increase in cell proliferation compared to that of the control group, while incubation with the miR-224 inhibitor significantly reduced cell proliferation. The same results were obtained for the cell invasion assay. Serum exosomal miR-224 did have some ability to differentiate patients with HCC from healthy controls, with an area under the curve of 0.910, and HCC patients with higher serum exosomal miR-224 expression had lower overall survival.CONCLUSION Exosomal miR-224 is a tumor promotor and can be a marker of diagnosis and prognosis of HCC patients, however, its ability to distinguish liver diseases needs further verification. | Yao Cui Hai-Feng Xu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing) Interventional Therapy Department Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute Ming-Yue Liu Yu-Jie Xu Jun-Chuang He Yun Zhou Shun-Dong Cang | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，15： | 26 |
| 13 | Circular RNA circ-LDLRAD3 as a biomarker in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer显示文摘AIM To analyze the diagnostic value of a circular RNA(circR NA), circ-LDLRAD3, in pancreatic cancer.METHODS Expression levels of circ-LDLRAD3 were tested in both cells and clinical samples; the latter included 30 paired pancreatic cancer tissues and adjacent non-tumorous tissues, 31 plasma samples from patients with pancreatic cancer, and 31 plasma samples from healthy volunteers. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR) was performed to measure expression levels of circ-LDLRAD3 in cells and clinical samples; then, the relationship between clinicopathological factors of patient samples and expression of circ-LDLRAD3 in pancreatic cancer was analyzed. The diagnostic value of circ-LDLRAD3 was verified by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis.RESULTS Circ-LDLRAD3 was up-regulated in pancreatic cancer cell lines(P < 0.01), pancreatic cancer tissues(P < 0.01), and plasma samples from patients with pancreatic cancer(P < 0.01). High expression of circLDLRAD3 was significantly associated with venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, and metastasis. The area under the ROC curve of circ-LDLRAD3 alone or combination with CA19-9 was 0.67 and 0.87, respectively, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.5738(alone) and 0.7049(alone), and 0.8033(combination) and 0.9355(combination), respectively.CONCLUSION These data suggest that circ-LDLRAD3 may be a biomarker in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. | Fan Yang Dong-Yan Liu Jin-Tao Guo Nan Ge Ping Zhu Xiang Liu Sheng Wang Guo-Xin Wang Si-Yu Sun | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，47： | 25 |
| 14 | Discovery of laryngeal carcinoma by serum proteomic pattern analysis显示文摘Laryngeal carcinoma is the most common malignancy among head and neck tu-mors. The purpose of this study is to find biomarkers for laryngeal carcinoma in patient blood serum using the Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization (SELDI) technique. Serum samples from 33 laryngeal carcinoma (12 cases of glottis, 18 of supraglottis and 3 of subglottis) patients and 31 age- and sex-matched healthy people were analyzed by SELDI-TOF on a Pro-teinChip reader, PBSII-C. Protein profiles were generated using WCX2 protein chips. Protein peak clustering and classification analyses were performed utilizing the Biomarker Wizard and Biomarker Pattern software packages, respectively. The results showed that sixteen peaks had significant difference between laryngeal cancer patients and healthy group, eight of which were up-regulated in the patient samples, and the others were down-regulated. Two protein peaks 8153 Da and 2035 Da were automatically chosen for the system training and development of a classification tree. The analysis yielded a correct percentage of 96.9% for patients and 96.7% for control. The results suggest that serum is a useful resource for the detection of specific bio-markers for laryngeal carcinoma. Proteinchip Array System was a useful tool for a high throughput screening of large-sized serum samples to discover potential biomarkers for carci-noma. | XIAO Xueyuan1, ZHAO Xiaodong2, LIU Jiankai3, GUO Fuzheng1, LIU Danhui1 & HE Dacheng1 1. Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Universities?Confeder-ated Institute of Proteomics, Beijing 100875, China 2. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China 3. Department of Biochemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China | 2004 | Science China(Life Sciences)2004，47，3： | 22 |
| 15 | Effect of neutrophil CD64 for diagnosing sepsis in emergency department显示文摘BACKGROUND:The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of neutrophil CD64(nCD64)as a novel biomarker in sepsis patients.METHODS:One hundred fifty-one adult patients diagnosed with sepsis and 20 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Patients with sepsis were further subdivided into a sepsis group and a septic shock group.nCD64 expression,serum procalcitonin(PCT)level,C-reactive protein(CRP)level,and white blood cell(WBC)count were obtained for each patient,and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)scores were calculated.RESULTS:nCD64 expression was higher in the sepsis group with confirmed infection than in the control group.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of nCD64 was higher than those of SOFA score,PCT,CRP and WBC for diagnosing infection.The area under the curve(AUC)of nCD64 combined with SOFA score was the highest for all parameters.The AUC of nCD64 for predicting 28-day mortality in sepsis was signifi cantly higher than those of PCT,CRP,and WBC,but slightly lower than that of SOFA score.The AUC of nCD64 or PCT combined with SOFA score was signifi cantly higher than that of any single parameter for predicting 28-day mortality.CONCLUSION:nCD64 expression and SOFA score are valuable parameters for early diagnosis of infection and prognostic evaluation of sepsis patients. | Wen-peng Yin Jia-bao Li Xiao-fang Zheng Le An Huan Shao Chun-sheng Li | 2020 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2020，11，2： | 23 |
| 16 | Early screening and diagnosis strategies of pancreatic cancer:a comprehensive review显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant digestive system tumor with a poor prognosis.Most pancreatic cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage or even metastasis due to its highly aggressive characteristics and lack of typical early symptoms.Thus,an early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is crucial for improving its prognosis.Currently,screening is often applied in high-risk individuals to achieve the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.Fully understanding the risk factors of pancreatic cancer and pathogenesis could help us identify the high-risk population and achieve early diagnosis and timely treatment of pancreatic cancer.Notably,accumulating studies have been undertaken to improve the detection rate of different imaging methods and the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)which is the golden standard for pancreatic cancer diagnosis.In addition,there are currently no biomarkers with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis ofpancreatic cancer to be applied in the clinic. As the only serum biomarkerapproved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, carbohydrateantigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is not recommended to be used in the early screeningof pancreatic cancer because of its limited specificity. Recently, increasingnumbers of studies focused on the discovering of novel serum biomarkersand exploring their combination with CA19-9 in the detection of pancreaticcancer. Besides, the application of liquid biopsy involving circulating tumor cells(CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and exosomesin blood and biomarkers in urine, and saliva in pancreatic cancer diagnosis aredrawing more and more attention. Furthermore, many innovative technologiessuch as artificial intelligence, computer-aided diagnosis system, metabolomicstechnology, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) associated technologies, and novelnanomaterials have been tested for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer andhave shown promising prospects. Hence, this review aims to summarize therecent progress in the development of early screening and diagnostic methods,including imaging, pathological examination, serological examination, liquidbiopsy, as well as other potential diagnostic strategies for pancreatic cancer. | Jinshou Yang Ruiyuan Xu Chengcheng Wang Jiangdong Qiu Bo Ren Lei You | 2021 | Cancer Communications2021，41，12： | 23 |
| 17 | Liquid biopsy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Circulating tumor cells and cell-free nucleic acids显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), with its high incidence and mortality rate, is one of the most common malignant tumors. Despite recent development of a diagnostic and treatment method, the prognosis of HCC remains poor. Therefore, to provide optimal treatment for each patient with HCC, more precise and effective biomarkers are urgently needed which could facilitate a more detailed individualized decision-making during HCC treatment, including the following; risk assessment, early cancer detection, prediction of treatment or prognostic outcome. In the blood of cancer patients, accumulating evidence about circulating tumor cells and cell-free nucleic acids has suggested their potent clinical utilities as novel biomarker. This concept, so-called 'liquid biopsy' is widely known as an alternative approach to cancer tissue biopsy. This method might facilitate a more sensitive diagnosis and better decision-making by obtaining genetic and epigenetic aberrations that are closely associated with cancer initiation and progression. In this article, we review recent developments based on the available literature on both circulating tumor cells and cell-free nucleic acids in cancer patients, especially focusing on Hepatocellular carcinoma. | wataru okajima shuhei komatsu daisuke ichikawa mahito miyamae takuma ohashi taisuke imamura jun kiuchi keiji nishibeppu tomohiro arita hirotaka konishi atsushi shiozaki ryo morimura hisashi ikoma kazuma okamoto eigo otsuji | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，31： | 22 |
| 18 | MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for gastric cancer显示文摘Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world and the second leading cause of cancerrelated death.More than 80%of diagnoses occur at the middle to late stage of the disease,highlighting an urgent need for novel biomarkers detectable at earlier stages.Recently,aberrantly expressed microRNAs(miRNAs)have received a great deal of attention as potential sensitive and accurate biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.This review summarizes the current knowledge about potential miRNA biomarkers for gastric cancer that have been reported in the publicly available literature between 2008 and 2013.Available evidence indicates that aberrantly expressed miRNAs in gastric cancer correlate with tumorigenesis,tumor proliferation,distant metastasis and invasion.Furthermore,tissue and cancer types can be classified using miRNA expression profiles and next-generation sequencing.As miRNAs in plasma/serum are well protected from RNases,they remain stable under harsh conditions.Thus,potential functions of these circulating miRNAs can be deduced and may implicate their diagnostic value in cancer detection.Circulating miRNAs,as well as tissue miRNAs,may allow for the detection of gastric cancer at an early stage,prediction of prognosis,and monitoring of recurrence and/or lymph node metastasis.Taken together,the data suggest that the participation of miRNAs in biomarker development will enhance the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic and prognostic tests for gastric cancer. | Han-Shao Liu Hua-Sheng Xiao | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，34： | 21 |
| 19 | Prognostic and predictive blood biomarkers in gastric cancer and the potential application of circulating tumor cells显示文摘Gastric cancer(GC), with its high incidence and mortality rates, is a highly fatal cancer that is common in East Asia particularly in China. Its recurrence and metastasis are the main causes of its poor prognosis. Circulating tumor cells(CTCs) or other blood biomarkers that are released into the circulating blood stream by tumors are thought to play a crucial role in the recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer. Therefore, the detection of CTCs and other blood biomarkers has an important clinical significance; in fact, they can help predict the prognosis, assess the staging, monitor the therapeutic effects and determine the drug susceptibility. Recent research has identified many blood biomarkers in GC, such as various serum proteins, autoantibodies against tumor associated antigens, and cell-free DNAs. The analysis of CTCs and circulating cell-free tumor DNA(ctDNA) in the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer is called as liquid biopsy. These blood biomarkers provide the disease status for individuals and have clinical meaning. In this review, we focus on the recent scientific advances regarding CTCs and other blood biomarkers, and discuss their origins and clinical meaning. | Ting-Ting Li Hao Liu Jiang Yu Guang-Yao Shi Li-Ying Zhao Guo-Xin Li | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，21： | 21 |
| 20 | Tongue coating microbiome as a potential biomarker for gastritis including precancerous cascade显示文摘The development of gastritis is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Current invasive gastritis diagnostic methods are not suitable for monitoring progressIn this work based on 78 gastritis patients and 50 healthy individuals, we observed that the variation of tongue-coating microbiota was associated with the occurrenee and development of gastritis. Twenty-one microbial species were identified for differentiating tongue-coating microbiomes of gastritis and healthy individuals. Pathways such as microbial metabolism in diverse environments, biosynthesis of antibiotics and bacterial chemotaxis were up-regulated in gastritis patients. The abundance of Campylobacter concisus was found associated with the gastric precancerous cascade. Furthermore, Campylobacter concisus could be detected in tongue coating and gastric fluid in a validation cohort containing 38 gastritis patients. These observations provided biological evidence of tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine, and indicated that tongue-coating microbiome could be a potential non-invasive biomarker, which might be suitable for long-term monitoring of gastritis. | Jiaxing Cui Hongfei Cui Mingran Yang Shiyu Du Junfeng Li Yingxue Li Liyang Liu Xuegong Zhang Shao Li | 2019 | Protein & Cell2019，10，7： | 21 |
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