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| 1 | Effects of Bacillus coagulans supplementation on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis显示文摘Background: The poultry industry is in need of effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE) due to Clostridium perfringens.Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding Bacil us coagulans on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with C. perfringens-induced NE. Two hundred and forty 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two dietary B. coagulans levels(0 or 4 × 109 CFU/kg of diet) and two disease chal enge statuses(control or NE chal enged).Results: NE-induced reduction in body weight gain was relieved by the addition of B. coagulans into broiler diets compared with the NE-infected birds. NE infection damaged intestinal morphological structure, promoted intestinal C.perfringens growth and liver invasion, and enhanced anti-C. perfringens specific sI gA concentrations in the gut and specific IgG levels in serum compared with the uninfected birds. NE infection significantly(P < 0.05) decreased mucin-2(at 14 d post-infection(DPI), tol-like receptor 2(TLR2, at 7 and 14 DPI), TLR4(at 7 and 14 DPI), tumor necrosis factor super family15(TNFSF15, at 7 and 14 DPI), lysozyme(LYZ, at 14 DPI) and fowlicidin-2(at 7 and 14 DPI) mR NA levels, whereas it dramatical y(P = 0.001) increased IFN-γ mR NA levels at 7 DPI. However, chal enged birds fed diets supplemented with B.coagulans showed a significant(P < 0.01) decrease in gut lesion scores, decreased C. perfringens numbers in the cecum and liver, and an increase in fowlicidin-2 mR NA levels in compared with the uninfected birds. In addition, compared with the non-supplemented group, dietary inclusion of B. coagulans improved intestinal barrier structure, further increased specific sI gA levels and alkaline phosphatase(IAP) activity in the jejunum, enhanced the expression of jejunum lysozyme mR NA, and inhibited the growth, colonization, and invasion of C. perfringens; in contrast, it reduced serum-specific IgG concentrations and jejunum IFN-γ mR NA levels.Conclusion: These results indicated that dietary B. coagulans supplementation appeared to be effective in preventing the occurrence and reducing the severity of C. perfringens-induced NE in broiler chickens. | Yuanyuan Wu Yujing Shao Bochen Song Wenrui Zhen Zhong Wang Yuming Guo Muhammad Suhaib Shahid Wei Nie | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，2： | 31 |
| 2 | Black soldier fly defatted meal as a dietary protein source for broiler chickens:Effects on growth performance,blood traits,gut morphology and histological features显示文摘Background: The present study has evaluated the effects of different inclusion levels of a partially defatted black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens L.; HI) larva meal on the growth performance, blood parameters and gut morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 256 male broiler chickens(Ross 308) were reared from d 1 to d 35 and assigned to4 dietary treatments(8 replicates/treatment and 8 birds/replicate). HI larva meal was included at increasing levels(0, 5%, 10% and 15%; HI0, HI5, HI10 and HI15, respectively) in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets formulated for 3 feeding phases: starter(1–10 d), growing(10–24 d) and finisher(24–35 d). Two birds per pen were slaughtered at d 35 and morphometric investigations and histopathological alterations were performed.Results: The live weight(LW) showed linear and quadratic responses to increasing HI larva meal(maximum for HI10 group). Average daily gain(ADG) showed a linear and quadratic responses to HI meal(maximum for HI10 group) during starter and growing periods. A linear decrease was observed for ADG during the finisher period. The daily feed intake(DFI) showed a linear and quadratic effect during the starter period(maximum for HI10 group).Linear and quadratic responses were observed for the feed conversion ratio(FCR) in the growing period and for the whole period of the experiment. The FCR showed a linear response in the finisher period(maximum for HI15).No significant effects were observed for the blood and serum parameters, except for the phosphorus concentration,which showed linear and quadratic responses as well as glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activity, the latter of which showed a linear response. The HI15 birds showed a lower villus height, a higher crypt depth and a lower villus height-to-crypt depth ratio than the other groups.Conclusions: Increasing levels of dietary HI meal inclusion in male broiler chickens may improve the LW and DFI during the starter period, but may also negatively affect the FCR and gut morphology, thus suggesting that low levels may be more suitable. However, no significant effects on the haematochemical parameters or histological findings were observed in relation to HI meal utilization. | Sihem Dabbou Francesco Gai Ilaria Biasato Maria Teresa Capucchio Elena Biasibetti Daniela Dezzutto Marco Meneguz Iveta Plachà Laura Gasco Achille Schiavone | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，4： | 34 |
| 3 | Potential of essential oils for poultry and pigs显示文摘The increasing pressure of abolishing and/or decreasing the use of antibiotics as antimicrobial growth promoters for livestock calls for alternative solutions to sustain the efficiency of current livestock production.Among the alternatives, essential oils have a great potential and are generally considered natural, less toxic, and free from residues.Essential oils have been proven in numerous in vitro studies to exert antimicrobial effects on various pathogens.The current review touched on the basics of essential oils, and the in vivo effects of essential oils on growth, intestinal microflora, anti-oxidation, immune functionality, meat qualities as well as the possible modes of action in poultry and pigs, and the future research areas were proposed. | Hengxiao Zhai Hong Liu Shikui Wang Jinlong Wu Anna-Maria Kluenter | 2018 | Animal Nutrition2018，，2： | 16 |
| 4 | Dietary sources and levels of selenium supplements affect growth performance,carcass yield,meat quality and tissue selenium deposition in broilers显示文摘This study examined the effects of sources and levels of selenium(Se)on performance,carcass parts yield,meat quality and tissue Se concentration in broilers.A total of 960 one-day-old male broilers were divided into 8 treatments in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement.Chicks were penned in groups of 20 with6 pens per group.Selenium sources were sodium selenite(SS),Se enriched yeast(SY),DLselenomethionine(SM)and nano-selenium(NS)and dietary supplemental Se levels were 0.1 and0.3 mg/kg diet.The average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),feed:gain ratio,mortality,and carcass parts yield were not affected by dietary treatments.The level of 0.3 mg/kg Se decreased lightness and increased yellowness of the breast and thighs(P<0.001).Nano-selenium improved yellowness,redness and meat quality(P<0.05).The interactive effects of sources and the levels of Se affected Se retention(P<0.001).Inorganic Se showed poor retention compared to other sources of Se;and NS showed equal retention with the organic sources.With consideration to meat quality responses,NS had a more signific:ant positive effect compared to SS as an inorganic source of Se.Overall,NS and organic sources of Se resulted in better meat quality compared with the inorganic source.Moreover,the highest Se retention percentage was achieved by supplementation of NS followed by organic sources at0.1 mg/kg compared to SS. | Reza Bakhshalinejad Ahmad Hassanabadi Robert A.Swick | 2019 | Animal Nutrition2019，，3： | 13 |
| 5 | Influence of starch sources and dietary protein levels on intestinal functionality and intestinal mucosal amino acids catabolism in broiler chickens显示文摘Background: There is growing interest in carbohydrate and protein nutrition to enhance the efficiency of animal production.Reduced-crude protein diets depress environmental pollution and feeding cost,but the challenge to their adoption is maintaining digestive function and growth performance of birds.The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of different dietary starch sources and protein levels on intestinal functionality and mucosal amino acid catabolism.Methods: Six dietary treatments,based on maize and soybean meal,were offered to 360 AA+male chicks from 6 to 35 d post-hatch as a 3 × 2 factorial array.Either waxy rice or amylose was added to a conventional maize-soy diet to provide three sources of starch with different digestion rates and relatively high and low dietary protein levels.Growth performance,parameters of intestinal functionality and concentrations of free amino acid in the portal circulation were determined.Results: In the grower phase,starch source influenced(P < 0.02) weight gain as diets containing amylose supported significantly higher weight gains than waxy rice.Significant increase of ileal ATP concentrations and Na^+/K^+-ATPase activity were found in amylose treatment.Also,amylose decreased BrdU positive cell numbers and down-regulated m RNA expression for CASP-3.GOT activity in the ileum was higher(P < 0.01) in birds offered low protein diets and there was a trend(P = 0.057) for waxy rice as a starch source to increase ileal GOT activities.There was a significant influence on the concentration of seventeen amino acids in the portal circulation with tryptophan the one exception.Waxy rice as a starch source generated 13.6% and 22.4% numerically higher concentrations of non-essential amino acids than maize and amylose,respectively.Conclusions: Amino acid catabolism in the gut mucosa is subject to nutritional regulation.Given that amino acids can be spared from catabolism in the gut mucosa by supplementation of amylose,it follows their post-enteral availability would be improved and intestinal energy would be derived more efficiently from glucose. | Dafei Yin Peter H.Selle Amy F.Moss Youli Wang Xiaoyu Dong Zhibin Xiao Yuming Guo Jianmin Yuan | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，3： | 10 |
| 6 | Effects of dietary fiber and threonine on performance,intestinal morphology and immune responses in broiler chickens显示文摘The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fiber and threonine(Thr)on growth performance,intestinal morphology and immune responses of broiler chickens.A total of 420 one-dayold mixed sex broiler chicks(Ross 308)were randomly divided into 6 experimental diets and 5 replicates of 14 chicks based on a factorial arrangement(2 × 3)from 1 to 42 d of age.Experimental factors included dietary supplemental fiber type(no supplemental fiber[NSF],30 g/kg sugar beet pulp[SBP]or 30 g/kg rice hull[RH])and Thr inclusion level(100% or 110% of Thr requirement recommended by breeder company[Ross 308]).Growth performance of broilers was assayed at different periods of the experiment.Intestinal morphometric features were measured at 21 d of age.Antibody titer against sheep red blood cells(SRBC),Newcastle and influenza disease viruses were measured on d 30 of trial.Dietary inclusion of SBP and RH significantly decreased feed intake and weight gain during the entire rearing period(P<0.05).Interaction of fiber and Thr had no beneficial effects on the performance of chickens across the entire rearing phase.Dietary supplementation of 110% Thr required level improved jejunal morphometric features(P<0.05),whereas its inclusion with fibrous materials failed to show the same effects.Dietary supplemental Thr together with SBP significantly increased antibody production against SRBC(P<0.05).In conclusion,although supplemental 30 g/kg fibrous materials impaired growth performance,inclusion of SBP along with 110% Thr level improved the humoral immunity in broiler chickens. | Nasim Saadatmand Majid Toghyani Abasali Gheisari | 2019 | Animal Nutrition2019，，3： | 7 |
| 7 | Protective efficacy of an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine(H5-Re13,H5-Re14, and H7-Re4 strains) in chickens, ducks, and geese against newly detected H5N1, H5N6, H5N8, and H7N9 viruses显示文摘Some H5 viruses isolated in poultry or wild birds between 2020 and 2021 were found to be antigenically different from the vaccine strains(H5-Re11 and H5-Re12) used in China. In this study, we generated three new recombinant vaccine seed viruses by using reverse genetics and used them for vaccine production. The vaccine strain H5-Re13 contains the hemagglutinin(HA) and neuraminidase(NA) genes of an H5 N6 virus that bears the clade 2.3.4.4 h HA gene, H5-Re14 contains the HA and NA genes of an H5 N8 virus that bears the clade 2.3.4.4 b HA gene, and H7-Re4 contains the HA and NA genes of H7 N9 virus detected in 2021. We evaluated the protective efficacy of the novel H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine in chickens, ducks, and geese. The inactivated vaccine was immunogenic and induced substantial antibody responses in the birds tested. Three weeks after vaccination, chickens were challenged with five different viruses detected in 2020 and 2021: three viruses(an H5 N1 virus, an H5 N6 virus, and an H5 N8 virus) bearing the clade 2.3.4.4 b HA gene, an H5 N6 virus bearing the clade 2.3.4.4 h HA gene, and an H7 N9 virus. All of the control birds shed high titers of virus and died within 4 days post-challenge, whereas the vaccinated chickens were completely protected from these viruses. Similar protective efficacy against H5 viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4 h or 2.3.4.4 b HA gene was observed in ducks and geese. Our study indicates that the newly updated H5/H7 vaccine can provide solid protection against the H5 and H7 N9 viruses that are currently circulating in nature. | ZENG Xian-ying HE Xin-wen MENG Fei MA Qi WANG Yan BAO Hong-mei LIU Yan-jing DENG Guo-hua SHI Jian-zhong LI Yan-bing TIAN Guo-bin CHEN Hua-lan | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2022，21，7： | 7 |
| 8 | Intestinal toxicity of deoxynivalenol is limited by supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum JM113 and consequentially altered gut microbiota in broiler chickens显示文摘Background: Limited research has focused on the effect of Lactobacillus on the intestinal toxicity of deoxynivalenol(DON).The present study was conducted to investigate the role of Lactobacillus plantarum(L.plantarum) JM113 in protecting against the intestinal toxicity caused by DON.Methods: A total of 144 one-day-old healthy Arbor Acres broilers were randomly distributed into 3 treatments,including the CON(basal diet),the DON(extra 10 mg/kg deoxynivalenol),and the DL(extra 1 × 109 CFU/kg L.plantarum JM113 based on DON group) treatments.The growth performance,organ indexes,intestinal morphology,pancreatic digestive enzymes,intestinal secreted immunoglobulin A(sIgA),jejunal transcriptome,and intestinal microbiota were evaluated.Results: Compared with the CON and DL groups,the DON supplementation altered intestinal morphology,especially in duodenum and jejunum,where villi were shorter and crypts were deeper(P < 0.05).Meanwhile,the significantly decreased mRNA expression of jejunal claudin-1 and occludin(P < 0.05),ileal rBAT and jejunal GLUT1 of 21-day-old broilers(P < 0.05),as well as duodenal PepT1 and ileal rBAT of 42-day-old broilers were identified in the DON group.Moreover,supplementation with L.plantarum JM113 could increase duodenal expression of IL-10 and IL-12 of 21-dayold broilers,ileal s IgA of 42-day-old broilers,and the bursa of Fabricius index of 21-day-old broilers.Further jejunal transcriptome proved that the genes related to the intestinal absorption and metabolism were significantly reduced in the DON group but a significant increase when supplemented with extra L.plantarum JM113.Furthermore,the bacteria related to nutrient utilization,including the Proteobacteria,Escherichia,Cc-115(P < 0.05),Lactobacillus and Prevotella(P < 0.1) were all decreased in the DON group.By contrast,supplementation with L.plantarum JM113 increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacterium,including the Bacteroidetes,Roseburia,Anaerofustis,Anaerostipe,and Ruminococcus bromi(P < 0.05).Specifically,the increased abundance of bacteria in the DL group could be proved by the significantly increased caecal content of propionic acid,n-Butyric acid,and total short-chain fatty acid.Conclusions: L.plantarum JM113 enhanced the digestion,absorption,and metabolic functions of the gut when challenged with DON by reducing the injury to intestinal barriers and by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacterium. | Shengru Wu Yanli Liu Yongle Duan Fangyuan Wang Fangshen Guo Fang Yan Xiaojun Yang Xin Yang | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，1： | 7 |
| 9 | Imputation from SNP chip to sequence: a case study in a Chinese indigenous chicken population显示文摘Background: Genome-wide association studies and genomic predictions are thought to be optimized by using whole-genome sequence(WGS) data. However, sequencing thousands of individuals of interest is expensive.Imputation from SNP panels to WGS data is an attractive and less expensive approach to obtain WGS data. The aims of this study were to investigate the accuracy of imputation and to provide insight into the design and execution of genotype imputation.Results: We genotyped 450 chickens with a 600 K SNP array, and sequenced 24 key individuals by whole genome re-sequencing. Accuracy of imputation from putative 60 K and 600 K array data to WGS data was 0.620 and 0.812 for Beagle, and 0.810 and 0.914 for FImpute, respectively. By increasing the sequencing cost from 24 X to 144 X, the imputation accuracy increased from 0.525 to 0.698 for Beagle and from 0.654 to 0.823 for FImpute. With fixed sequence depth(12 X), increasing the number of sequenced animals from 1 to 24, improved accuracy from 0.421 to0.897 for FImpute and from 0.396 to 0.777 for Beagle. Using optimally selected key individuals resulted in a higher imputation accuracy compared with using randomly selected individuals as a reference population for resequencing. With fixed reference population size(24), imputation accuracy increased from 0.654 to 0.875 for FImpute and from 0.512 to 0.762 for Beagle as the sequencing depth increased from 1 X to 12 X. With a given total cost of genotyping, accuracy increased with the size of the reference population for FImpute, but the pattern was not valid for Beagle, which showed the highest accuracy at six fold coverage for the scenarios used in this study.Conclusions: In conclusion, we comprehensively investigated the impacts of several key factors on genotype imputation. Generally, increasing sequencing cost gave a higher imputation accuracy. But with a fixed sequencing cost, the optimal imputation enhance the performance of WGP and GWAS. An optimal imputation strategy should take size of reference population, imputation algorithms, marker density, and population structure of the target population and methods to select key individuals into consideration comprehensively. This work sheds additional light on how to design and execute genotype imputation for livestock populations. | Shaopan Ye Xiaolong Yuan Xiran Lin Ning Gao Yuanyu Luo Zanmou Chen Jiaqi Li Xiquan Zhang Zhe Zhang | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，2： | 6 |
| 10 | Lactobacillus reuteri-derived extracellular vesicles maintain intestinal immune homeostasis against lipopolysaccharideinduced inflammatory responses in broilers显示文摘Background:Lactobacillus reuteri strains are widely used as probiotics to prevent and treat inflammatory bowel disease by modulating the host’s immune system.However,the underlying mechanisms by which they communicate with the host have not been clearly understood.Bacterial extracellular vesicles(EVs)have been considered as important mediators of host-pathogen interactions,but their potential role in commensals-host crosstalk has not been widely studied.Here,we investigated the regulatory actions of EVs produced by L.reuteri BBC3,a gut-associated commensal bacterium of Black-Bone chicken,in the development of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation in a chicken model using both in vivo and in vitro experiments.Results:L.reuteri BBC3 produced nano-scale membrane vesicles with the size range of 60-250 nm.Biochemical and proteomic analyses showed that L.reuteri BBC3-derived EVs(LrEVs)carried DNA,RNA and several bioactive proteins previously described as mediators of other probiotics’beneficial effects such as glucosyltransferase,serine protease and elongation factor Tu.In vivo broiler experiments showed that administration of LrEVs exerted similar effects as L.reuteri BBC3 in attenuating LPS-induced inflammation by improving growth performance,reducing mortality and decreasing intestinal injury.LrEVs suppressed the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory genes(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-17 and IL-8),and improved the expression of anti-inflammatory genes(IL-10 and TGF-β)in the jejunum.LrEVs could be internalized by chicken macrophages.In vitro pretreatment with LrEVs reduced the gene expression of TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6 by suppressing the NF-κB activity,and enhanced the gene expression of IL-10 and TGF-βin LPS-activated chicken macrophages.Additionally,LrEVs could inhibit Th1-and Th17-mediated inflammatory responses and enhance the immunoregulatory cells-mediated immunosuppression in splenic lymphocytes of LPS-challenged chickens through the activation of macrophages.Finally,we revealed that the reduced content of both vesicular proteins and nucleic acids attenuated the suppression of LrEVs on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in ex vivo experiments,suggesting that they are essential for the LrEVs-mediated immunoregulation.Conclusions:We revealed that LrEVs participated in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis against LPSinduced inflammatory responses in a chicken model.Our findings provide mechanistic insight into how commensal and probiotic Lactobacillus species modulate the host’s immune system in pathogens-induced inflammation. | Rujiu Hu Hua Lin Mimi Wang Yuezhen Zhao Haojing Liu Yuna Min Xiaojun Yang Yupeng Gao Mingming Yang | 2021 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2021，12，3： | 5 |
| 11 | Integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA profiles reveals that gga-miR-106-5p inhibits adipogenesis by targeting the KLF15 gene in chickens显示文摘Background:Excessive abdominal fat deposition in commercial broilers presents an obstacle to profitable meat quality,feed utilization,and reproduction.Abdominal fat deposition depends on the proliferation of preadipocytes and their maturation into adipocytes,which involves a cascade of regulatory molecules.Accumulating evidence has shown that microRNAs(miRNAs)serve as post-transcriptional regulators of adipogenic differentiation in mammals.However,the miRNA-mediated molecular mechanisms underlying abdominal fat deposition in chickens are still poorly understood.This study aimed to investigate the biological functions and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in chicken abdominal adipogenesis.Results:We established a chicken model of abdominal adipocyte differentiation and analyzed miRNA and mRNA expression in abdominal adipocytes at different stages of differentiation(0,12,48,72,and 120 h).A total of 217 differentially expressed miRNAs(DE-miRNAs)and 3520 differentially expressed genes were identified.Target prediction of DE-miRNAs and functional enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed targets were significantly enriched in lipid metabolism-related signaling pathways,including the PPAR signaling and MAPK signaling pathways.A candidate miRNA,gga-miR-106-5p,exhibited decreased expression during the proliferation and differentiation of abdominal preadipocytes and was downregulated in the abdominal adipose tissues of fat chickens compared to that of lean chickens.gga-miR-106-5p was found to inhibit the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes.A dual-luciferase reporter assay suggested that the KLF15 gene,which encodes a transcriptional factor,is a direct target of gga-miR-106-5p.gga-miR-106-5p suppressed the posttranscriptional activity of KLF15,which is an activator of abdominal preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation,as determined with gain-and loss-of-function experiments.Conclusions:gga-miR-106-5p functions as an inhibitor of abdominal adipogenesis by targeting the KLF15 gene in chickens.These findings not only improve our understanding of the specific functions of miRNAs in avian adipogenesis but also provide potential targets for the genetic improvement of excessive abdominal fat deposition in poultry. | Weihua Tian Xin Hao Ruixue Nie Yao Ling Bo Zhang Hao Zhang Changxin Wu | 2022 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2022，13，6： | 3 |
| 12 | Detrimental effects of excessive fatty acid secretion on female sperm storage in chickens显示文摘Background:Female sperm storage(FSS),the maintenance of sperm inside the female reproductive tract for an extended period of time,is pervasive among organisms with internal fertilization.Because FSS enables asynchronous mating and fertilization,it could be extremely important to reproduction.However,the physiological mechanisms underlying prolonged preservation and maintenance are poorly understood.Here,we used chicken,a typical oviparous animal,to determine the mechanisms ensuring sperm functionality in sperm storage tubules(SSTs).Results:We performed an insemination experiment on over two thousand hens at two periods,and found that the FSS capabilities varied widely among individuals.Except for the differences in the SST density between the two groups with distinct FSS abilities,we quantitatively profiled small-molecule metabolites derived from SST cells,and identified 28 metabolites with differential expression.In particular,high levels of lipids,fatty acids and lipid peroxidation product were observed in hens with low FSS capability.Pathway analysis showed that these differential metabolites were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.Moreover,we detected the total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation level of SSTs,and found that chickens with a lower FSS ability had a significantly higher content of lipid peroxidation end-product,which was 2.4-fold greater than chickens with a higher FSS capability,and no significant difference was found in the total antioxidant capacity between these two groups.Conclusions:Our findings reveal that the long-term storage of sperm and the maintenance of their function in the female reproductive tract require an adequate microenvironment.The superabundance of fatty acids secreted by SST cells had detrimental effects on sperm storage in the female reproductive tract.Lipid peroxidation produces toxic biological substances that may cause irreversible damage to resident spermatozoa,resulting in short-term sperm retention and decreased fertility.Our findings provide new avenues for studying sperm storage and sustaining fertility. | Chaoliang Wen Chunning Mai Bin Wang Junying Li Congjiao Sun Ning Yang | 2020 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2020，11，3： | 2 |
| 13 | Phosphorus utilization response of pigs and broiler chickens to diets supplemented with antimicrobials and phytase显示文摘Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the phosphorus(P) utilization responses of pigs and broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with antimicrobials and phytase and to determine if P digestibility response to phytase is affected by supplementation with antimicrobials. Experiment 1 used 4 diets(a basal negative control formulated to contain 0.41% total P and 0.71% calcium [Ca] without added antimicrobials, basal negative control with added carbadox, basal negative control with added tylosin, or basal negative control with added virginiamycin) and six 18-kg barrows in individual metabolism crates per diet. There was no effect of antimicrobials on P and Ca digestibility or retention. Carbadox supplementation increased(P < 0.05) digestibility and retention of gross energy(GE) and supplementation with tylosin increased(P < 0.05) N retention relative to the basal negative control diet. Experiment 2 used eight 19-kg barrows in individual metabolism crates per treatment and 9 dietary treatments arranged in a 3×3 factorial of antimicrobials(none, tylosin, or virginiamycin) and phytase(0, 500, or 1,500 FTU/kg).Phytase addition to the diets linearly increased(P< 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility or retention of P, Ca, nitrogen(N) and GE. Supplementation with antimicrobials did not affect apparent total tract digestibility or retention of P, Ca, N or GE. There were linear effects(P < 0.01) of phytase on Ca utilization in diets that were not supplemented with antimicrobials but only tendencies(P < 0,10) in diets supplemented with tylosin or virginiamycin. Phytase linearly improved(P < 0.05) N utilization in diets supplemented with tylosin or virginiamycin but not in diets without added antimicrobials. Experiment 3 was a broiler chicken experiment with the same experimental design as Exp. 2 but feeding 8 birds per cage and 10 replicate cages per diet. Antimicrobial supplementation improved(P < 0.05) feed efficiency and adding tylosin improved(P < 0.05) tibia ash but did not affect nutrient utilization, Dietary phytase improved(P < 0.01) growth performance, tibia ash and apparent ileal digestibility and retention of P regardless of antimicrobial supplementation. Overall, phytase supplementation improved growth performance and nutrient digestibility and retention, regardless of supplementation of diets with antimicrobials. Supplementation of diets with antimicrobials did not affect P digestibility or retention because of a lack of interaction between antimicrobials and phytase, there was no evidence that P digestibility response to phytase is affected by supplementation with antimicrobials. | Katherine McCormick Carrie L.Walk Craig L.Wyatt Olayiwola Adeola | 2017 | Animal Nutrition2017，，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Nutrient density of prestarter diets from 1 to 10 days of age affects intestinal morphometry, enzyme activity, serum indices and performance of broiler chickens显示文摘A total of 480 day-old Cobb 500 broilers were used to investigate the effects of different levels of digestible amino acids(DAA; 100%, 107% and 114% of Cobb recommendations) and ME(3,000 or2,900 kcal/kg) of prestarter diet on mixed sex broilers performance, enzyme activity, small intestine morphology, and serum metabolites. Broilers were randomly allotted to 6 treatments, where each treatment applied to 4 pens with 20 birds in each. The birds were subjected to their respective treatment diets from 1 to 10 days of age. This was followed by feeding common starter and finisher diets for the last29 days. The enzyme activity of the pancreas was measured at 10 days of age. Morphometric indexes of jejunum were measured at 10 days of age and the end of the feeding period. Our results showed that the body weight(BW) increased as the DAA density of the prestarter diet increased from 100% to 114% over the first 10 days and the entire period of the study. Birds fed 114% DAA presented a better feed conversion ratio on day 10(P < 0.05). At day 39, carcass weight and breast yield increased as the DAA levels increased from 100% to 114%(P < 0.05). The whole intestine length, small intestine length, and weights of the pancreas were lower in birds fed 100% DAA-diets at 10 days of age(P < 0.05). Increasing the dietary DAA and ME did not affect serum amylase, lipase, and protease concentrations and pancreatic amylase and lipase activity(P > 0.05); however, the activity of pancreatic protease increased as the DAA level increased from 100% to 114%(P < 0.05). The villus width and villus surface area(VSA) increased as the DAA level increased from 100% to 114% on day 10(P < 0.05). At 10 days of age, crypt depth was the lowest in the birds fed plenty DAA prestarter diets(P < 0.05). It was found that dietary treatments at 39 days of age did not affect intestinal morphology. The results of the present work indicate that DAA level of 114% of Cobb recommendations and energy level of 2,900 kcal/kg diet may be recommended for starting broiler chicks. | Ficinine V.Ivanovich Ocmanyan A.Karlovich Reza Mahdavi Egorov I.Afanasyevich | 2017 | Animal Nutrition2017，，3： | 1 |
| 15 | A multi-strain probiotic administered via drinking water enhances feed conversion efficiency and meat quality traits in indigenous chickens显示文摘Whereas the use of probiotics is commonplace in commercial production of improved chicken strains,little is known about the impact of these live microbial feed additives in indigenous chickens in South Africa. This study investigated the effect of a multi-strain probiotic(containing Bacillus safensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Cupriavidus metallidurans, total bacteria number was 1.4 × 10~8 cfu/mL),administered via drinking water, on growth performance, blood parameters, and carcass and meat quality characteristics of Potchefstroom koekoek cockerels for a period of 12 weeks. A total of 140 fiveweek-old cockerels were randomly allocated to 4 experimental diets formulated to have similar energy and protein levels as follows: 1) negative control diet(CON;commercial chicken grower diet without both antibiotics and probiotics), 2) positive control diet(ANTIB;commercial chicken grower diet with antibiotics [0.05% Coxistac and 0.04% olaquindox] but no probiotics), 3) negative control diet plus 2.5 mL of probiotics per litre of water(PROB25) and 4) negative control with 5.0 mL of probiotics per litre of water(PROB50). There was a significant(P < 0.05) week and diet interaction effect on average weekly feed conversion efficiency. At 9 weeks of age, cockerels in PROB50 group had higher(P < 0.05) feed conversion efficiency than those in CON and ANTIB groups. However, 14-week-old cockerels in PROB50 group had lower(P < 0.05) feed conversion efficiency than those in ANTIB group. Treatments had no significant(P > 0.05) effect on overall feed intake, overall weight gain and haemato-biochemical parameters of cockerels. Gizzard and spleen weights were similar(P > 0.05) in PROB50, CON and PROB25 groups. Cockerels in PROB50 group had shorter(P < 0.05) small intestine than those in CON and PROB25 groups. Cockerels in PROB50 group had larger(P < 0.05) breast weight than those in PROB25 group.Cockerels in ANTIB and PROB50 groups had greater(P < 0.05) wing and thigh weights than those in CON and PROB25 groups. Shank weight was similar(P > 0.05) in PROB50, CON and ANTIB groups. Meat pH measured after 24 h of slaughter was the highest(P < 0.05) in CON and ANTIB groups followed by PROBO25 and PROB50 groups. Cockerels in CON group had lower(P < 0.05) cooking losses than those in ANTIB, PROB25 and PROB50 groups. It was concluded that probiotics can be used in place of prophylactic antibiotics in Potchefstroom koekoek cockerels. | Judith A.Atela Victor Mlambo Caven M.Mnisi | 2019 | Animal Nutrition2019，，2： | 1 |
| 16 | A paratlei mechanism underlying frizzle in domestic chickens显示文摘Dear Editor,The feather,a highly keratinized tissue with variations in the shape,distribution,pigmentation,and structure,is an attractive topic in developmental and evolutionary biology (Boer et al.,2017). | Xing Guo Yan-Qing Li Ming-Shan Wang Zhi-Bin Wang Quan Zhang Yong Shao Run-Shen Jiang Sheng Wang Chen-Dong Ma Robert W.Murphy Guang-Qin Wang Jing Dong Li Zhang Dong-Dong Wu Bing-Wang Du Min-Sheng Peng Ya-Ping Zhang | 2018 | Journal of Molecular Cell Biology2018，10，6： | 0 |
| 17 | CircDOCK7 facilitates the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes through the gga‑miR‑301b‑3p/ACSL1 axis显示文摘Background Abdominal fat deposition depends on both the proliferation of preadipocytes and their maturation into adipocytes,which is a well-orchestrated multistep process involving many regulatory molecules.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)have emergingly been implicated in mammalian adipogenesis.However,circRNA-mediated regulation in chicken adipogenesis remains unclear.Our previous circRNA sequencing data identified a differentially expressed novel circRNA,8:27,886,180|27,889,657,during the adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes.This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of circDOCK7 in the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes,and explore its molecular mechanisms of competing endogenous RNA underlying chicken adipogenesis.Results Our results showed that 8:27,886,180|27,889,657 is an exonic circRNA derived from the head-to-tail splicing of exons 19–22 of the dedicator of cytokinesis 7(DOCK7)gene,abbreviated as circDOCK7.CircDOCK7 is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of chicken abdominal preadipocytes and is stable because of its RNase R resistance and longer half-life.CircDOCK7 is significantly upregulated in the abdominal fat tissues of fat chickens compared to lean chickens,and its expression gradually increases during the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes.Functionally,the gain-and loss-of-function experiments showed that circDOCK7 promoted proliferation,G0/G1-to S-phase progression,and glucose uptake capacity of chicken abdominal preadipocytes,in parallel with adipogenic differentiation characterized by remarkably increased intracellular lipid droplet accumulation and triglyceride and acetyl coenzyme A content in differentiated chicken abdominal preadipocytes.Mechanistically,a pull-down assay and a dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that circDOCK7 interacted with gga-miR-301b-3p,which was identified as an inhibitor of chicken abdominal adipogenesis.Moreover,the ACSL1 gene was demonstrated to be a direct target of gga-miR-301b-3p.Chicken ACSL1 protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of chicken abdominal preadipocytes and acts as an adipogenesis accelerator.Rescue experiments showed that circDOCK7 could counteract the inhibitory effects of gga-miR-301b-3p on ACSL1 mRNA abundance as well as the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes.Conclusions CircDOCK7 serves as a miRNA sponge that directly sequesters gga-miR-301b-3p away from the ACSL1 gene,thus augmenting adipogenesis in chickens.These findings may elucidate a new regulatory mechanism underlying abdominal fat deposition in chickens. | Weihua Tian Ye Liu Wenhui Zhang Ruixue Nie Yao Ling Bo Zhang Hao Zhang Changxin Wu | 2023 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2023，14，6： | 0 |
| 18 | Correlation Analysis between Body Size and Slaughter Performance in F-_1 Hybrid Offspring of Princess Chicken and Kirin Chicken显示文摘In order to study the meat development value of princess chicken,the body size traits and slaughter performance of 12-week-old F1 hybrid offspring of princess chicken(♂) and kirin chicken(♀) were measured and the correlations between different traits were analyzed. The results showed that body length,keel length and shank length of male F1 hybrid offspring were significantly higher than those of female chickens(P < 0. 05). The live weight,carcass weight,semi-eviscerated weight,semi-eviscerated ratio,eviscerated weight,chest muscle weight,the leg muscle weight and heart weight of male chickens were extremely significantly higher than that of female chickens(P < 0. 01),and the leg muscle ratio and wings weight were significantly higher than that of female chickens(P < 0. 05),but sebum thickness of male chickens was extremely significantly lower than that of female chickens(P < 0. 01). Other indicators failed to reach the significant difference level. There were extremely significant or significant correlations between the slaughter performance and body size in F1 hybrid offspring. The regression equations between different indicators were identified and developed. The results provided a certain theoretical reference to predict slaughter performance indicators through a living body size measurement,and revealed an improved production performance of F1 hybrid offspring. | Li Naibin Du Bingwang Yang Fenxia Tao Lin Chen Jiebo | 2014 | Animal Husbandry and Feed Science2014，6，4： | 0 |
| 19 | Chickens in My Backyard显示文摘We have three chickens in the backyard.We take good care of them.We feed them on corns and rice.The chickens love to go outside when it rains.They lay eggs for us.We eat their eggs for breakfast.Having chickens is fun. | 许瀚文 朱静怡(指导) | 2019 | 阅读2019，，92： | 0 |
| 20 | Molecular analysis of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from fowl cholera infection in backyard chickens显示文摘Objective:To characterize Pasteurella isolated from backyard chickens using whole cell protein lysate profiles and random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)techniques to show their genetic relationship because Pasteurclla multocida(P.multocida)is an important cause of fatal infections in backyard chickens.Methods:Twenty one P.multocida isolates were recovered previously from clinical cases of fowl cholera belonging to individual owners and phenotypically analysed using biochemical tests and serotyping were used far the genetic characterization.Results:Phylogenetic study based on both methods revealed that the recovered population of P.multocida isolated from backyard chickens differs markedly,constituting a well-separated cluster and appearance of 3 distinguishing lineages with greater discrimination shown by RAPDPCR that resulted in two suclusters in cluster A and three subclusters in cluster B and were related greatly with capsular serogroups for the examined strains.The whole cell protein revealed the presence of dominant protein bands at approximately 41 and 61 kDa in all of the examined isolates that may be a virulent proteins share in the increasing of its pathogenicity.Clear distinctive bands ranged from 123 to 1534 bp.Conclusions:Based on the previous findings,there are three spreading clusters that may indicate the association of a small number of P.multocida variants with the majority of cases suggesting that certain clones of P.multocida are able to colonue the examined backyard chickens.Also,the ease and rapidity of RAPD-PCR support the use of this technique as alternative to the more labour-intensive SDS-PACE system for strain differentiation and epidemiological studies of avian P.multocida.Further application of RAPD technology to the examination of avian cholera outbreaks in commercially available flocks may facilitate more effective management of this disease by providing the potential to investigate correlations of P.multocida genotypes,to identify affiliations between bird types and bacterial genotypes,and to elucidate the role of specific bird species in disease transmission. | Mohamed-Wael Abdelazeem Mohamed Moemen Abdel Azeem Mohamed Abdel Mageed | 2014 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2014，4，1： | 0 |
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