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| 1 | Helicobacter pylori and extragastric diseases: A review显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is very common and affects approximately half of the world population. It causes gastric diseases, but some authors have reported an association of H. pylori infection with other systemic manifestations beginning in 1994. The list of potential effects of H. pylori outside the stomach includes a number of extragastric manifestations and we focused on neurological, dermatological, hematologic, ocular, cardiovascular, metabolic, allergic, and hepatobiliary diseases. This review discusses these important reported manifestations that are not related to the gastrointestinal tract. | Antonietta Gerarda Gravina Rocco Maurizio Zagari Cristiana De Musis Lorenzo Romano Carmelina Loguercio Marco Romano | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，29： | 90 |
| 2 | Helicobacter pylori infection: Beyond gastric manifestations显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a bacterium that infects more than a half of world’s population.Although it is mainly related to the development of gastroduodenal diseases,several studies have shown that such infection may also influence the development and severity of various extragastric diseases.According to the current evidence,whereas this bacterium is a risk factor for some of these manifestations,it might play a protective role in other pathological conditions.In that context,when considered the gastrointestinal tract,H.pylori positivity have been related to Inflammatory Bowel Disease,Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease,Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,Hepatic Carcinoma,Cholelithiasis,and Cholecystitis.Moreover,lower serum levels of iron and vitamin B12 have been found in patients with H.pylori infection,leading to the emergence of anemias in a portion of them.With regards to neurological manifestations,a growing number of studies have associated that bacterium with multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and Guillain-Barrésyndrome.Interestingly,the risk of developing cardiovascular disorders,such as atherosclerosis,is also influenced by the infection.Besides that,the H.pylori-associated inflammation may also lead to increased insulin resistance,leading to a higher risk of diabetes mellitus among infected individuals.Finally,the occurrence of dermatological and ophthalmic disorders have also been related to that microorganism.In this sense,this minireview aims to gather the main studies associating H.pylori infection with extragastric conditions,and also to explore the main mechanisms that may explain the role of H.pylori in those diseases. | Maria Luisa Cordeiro Santos Breno Bittencourt de Brito Filipe Antonio França da Silva Mariana Miranda Sampaio Hanna Santos Marques Natalia Oliveira e Silva Dulciene Maria de Magalhaes Queiroz Fabricio Freire de Melo | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，28： | 34 |
| 3 | Ginkgo biloba extract improved cognitive and neurological functions of acute ischaemic stroke:a randomised controlled trial显示文摘Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract(GBE)in acute ischaemic stroke and its impact on the recurrence of vascular events.Methods We conducted a multicentre,prospective,randomised,open label,blinded,controlled clinical trial enrollingpatients with an onset of acute stroke within 7 days from five hospitals in China Jiangsu Province.Participants were assigned to the GBE group(450 mg GBE with 100 mg aspirin daily)or the control group(100 mg aspirin daily)for 6 months.The primary outcome was the decline in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score at 6 months.Secondary outcomes were other neuropsychological tests of cognitive and neurological function,the the incidence of adverse events and vascular events.results 348 patients were enrolled:179 in the GBE group and 169 in the control group.With 18 patients lost to follow-up,the dropout rate was 5.17%.Admission data between two groups were similar,but in the GBE group there was a marked slow down in the decline in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores(−2.77±0.21 vs−1.99±0.23,P=0.0116(30 days);−3.34±0.24 vs−2.48±0.26,P=0.0165(90 days);−4.00±0.26 vs−2.71±0.26,P=0.0004(180 days))compared with controls.The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at 12 and 30 days,the modified Rankin Scale scores for independent rate at 30,90 and 180 days,and the Barthel Index scores at 30,90 and 180 days in the GBE group were significantly improved compared with controls.Improvements were also observedin GBE groups for Mini-Metal State Examination scores of 30,90 and 180 days,Webster's digit symbol test scores at 30 days and Executive Dysfunction Index scores at 30 and 180 days.No significant differences were seen in the incidence of adverse events or vascular events.conclusions We conclude that GBE in combination with aspirin treatment alleviated cognitive and neurological deficits after acute ischaemic stroke without increasing the incidence of vascular events. | Shanshan Li Xinjiang Zhang Qi Fang Junshan Zhou Meijuan Zhang Hui Wang Yan Chen Biyun Xu Yanfeng Wu Lai Qian Yun Xu | 2017 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2017，2，4： | 25 |
| 4 | Infanib对新生儿重症监护病房出院早产儿早期运动发育及预后评估显示文摘目的探讨Infant Neurological International Battery(Infanib)对新生儿重症监护病房出院的高危早产儿后期运动发育异常的预测效度。方法纳入对象为2008年6月至2010年3月入住新生儿重症监护病房治疗出院的早产儿,在纠正年龄3~4月、6~7月龄时采用Infanib进行运动发育评估;在纠正年龄12月龄或12月龄以上采用Peabody运动发育量表或临床神经学体检评估运动结局。通过计算Infanib对后期运动发育结局评估的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值以及阴性预测值等进行预测效度评价。结果共147例早产儿参与临床随访,在纠正年龄3~4月、6~7月龄时进行Infanib评估的患儿分别为147例、117例;纠正年龄12月龄或12月龄以上129例。最终运动发育正常90例(69.8%),运动发育落后28例(21.7%),脑瘫11例(8.5%)。纠正年龄3~4月龄和6~7月龄Infanib评估对运动发育异常的敏感性分别为84.6%、100%;特异性75.6%、91.7%;阳性预测值60.0%、82.5%;阴性预测值91.9%、100%。结论 Infanib可以用于早产儿运动发育的早期评估,并具有较好的预测效度。 | 罗芳 陈正 马晓路 林慧佳 鲍毓 王陈红 施丽萍 | 2013 | 中国当代儿科杂志2013，15，1： | 17 |
| 5 | Short and long term prognosis in perinatal asphyxia: An update显示文摘Interruption of blood flow and gas exchange to the fetus in the perinatal period, known as perinatal asphyxia, can, if significant, trigger a cascade of neuronal injury, leading on to neonatal encephalopathy(NE) and resultant long-term damage. While the majority of infants who are exposed to perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia will recover quickly and go on to have a completely normal survival, a proportion will suffer from an evolving clinical encephalopathy termed hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy(HIE) or NE if the diagnosis is unclear. Resultant complications of HIE/NE are wide-ranging and may affect the motor, sensory, cognitive and behavioural outcome of the child. The advent of therapeutic hypothermia as a neuroprotective treatment for those with moderate and severe encephalopathy has improved prognosis. Outcome prediction in these infants has changed, but is more important than ever, as hypothermia is a time sensitive intervention, with a very narrow therapeutic window. To identify those who will benefit from current and emerging neuroprotective therapies we must be able to establish the severity of their injury soon after birth. Currently available indicators such as blood biochemistry, clinical examination and electrophysiology are limited. Emerging biological and physiological markers have the potential to improve our ability to select those infants who will benefit most from intervention. Biomarkers identified from work in proteomics, metabolomics and transcriptomics as well as physiological markers such as heart rate variability, EEG analysis and radiological imaging when combined with neuroprotective measures have the potential to improve outcome in HIE/NE. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the literature in regards to short and longterm outcome following perinatal asphyxia, and to discuss the prediction of this outcome in the early hours after birth when intervention is most crucial; looking at both currently available tools and introducing novel markers. | Caroline E Ahearne Geraldine B Boylan Deirdre M Murray | 2016 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2016，5，1： | 16 |
| 6 | Neuroprotection of Cyperus esculentus L. orientin against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced brain injury显示文摘Orientin is a flavonoid monomer.In recent years,its importance as a source of pharmacological active substance is growing rapidly due to its properties such as anti-myocardial ischemia,anti-apoptosis,anti-radiation,anti-tumor,and anti-aging.However,the neuroprotective effects of Orientin on stroke injury have not been comprehensively evaluated.The aim of the present study was thus to investigate the neuroprotective capacity and the potential mechanisms of Cyperus esculentus L.orientin(CLO)from Cyperus esculentus L.leaves against ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury using standard orientin as control.For in vitro studies,we treated HT22 cells with CoCl2 as an in vitro ischemic injury model.HT22 cells in the control group were treated with CoCl2.For in vivo studies,we used rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion,and animals that received sham surgery were used as controls.We found that CLO protected CoCl2-induced HT22 cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury by lowering lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species formation as well as decreasing protein oxidation.However,CLO did not reduce the release of lactate dehydrogenase nor increase the activity of superoxide dismutase.Results showed that CLO could decrease neurological deficit score,attenuate brain water content,and reduce cerebral infarct volume,leading to neuroprotection during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Our studies indicate that CLO flavonoids can be taken as a natural antioxidant and bacteriostastic substance in food and pharmaceutical industry.The molecular mechanisms of CLO could be at least partially attributed to the antioxidant properties and subsequently inhibiting activation of casepase-3.All experimental procedures and protocols were approved on May 16,2016 by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Xinjiang Medical University of China(approval No.IACUC20160516-57). | Si-Qun Jing Sai-Sai Wang Rui-Min Zhong Jun-Yan Zhang Jin-Zi Wu Yi-Xian Tu Yan Pu Liang-Jun Yan | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，3： | 16 |
| 7 | Increase of beta-amyloid and C-reactive protein in liver transplant recipients with postoperative cognitive dysfunction显示文摘BACKGROUND: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is an adverse condition characterized by declined cognitive functions following surgeries and anesthesia. POCD has been associated with increased hospital stay and mortality. There are histological similarities to Alzheimer's disease. Most early studies were conducted in patients receiving cardiac surgery. Since there is no information about POCD in liver transplant recipients, we measured the incidence of POCD in patients after liver transplantation and examined the correlation between neurological dysfunction and biological markers of dementia- based diseases. METHODS: We studied 25 patients who had a liver transplan- tation between July 2008 and February 2009. Patients with prior encephalopathy or risk factors associated with the development of POCD were excluded from the study. Five validated neuropsychiatric tests were used for diagnosis. The diagnosis was based on one standard deviation decline in two of the five neuropsychiatric tests. The correlation between patient variables and the development of POCD was examined. Serum levels of beta-amyloid and C-reactive protein were measured by standard ELISA and compared between patients with and without POCD. RESULTS: POCD was present in 11 (44%) of the 25 patients. Patients with POCD had significantly higher MELD scores, were more often Child-Pugh class C and received more blood transfusion during surgery. The serum beta-amyloid protein and C-reactive protein concentrations were significantly increased at 24 hours after surgery in the POCD group.CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of POCD in our group of liver transplant patients was greater than that reported in other surgical patients. The increase in the serum biomarkers of dementia in the POCD patients supports the hypothesis that chronic cognitive defects are due to a process similar to that seen in Alzheimer's disease. | Xing Li Da-Xiang Wen Yan-Hong Zhao Yan-Nan Hang M Susan Mandell | 2013 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2013，12，4： | 13 |
| 8 | Effects of music and music therapy on mood in neurological patients显示文摘Mood disorder and depressive syndromes represent a common comorbid condition in neurological disorders witha prevalence rate that ranges between 20% and 50% of patients with stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Notwithstanding, these conditions are often under-diagnosed and under-treated in the clinical practice and negatively affect the functional recovery, the adherence to treatment, the quality of life, and even the mortality risk. In addition, a bidirectional association between depression and neurological disorders may be possible being that depressive syndromes may be considered as a risk factor for certain neurological diseases. Despite the large amount of evidence regarding the effects of music therapy(MT) and other musical interventions on different aspects of neurological disorders, no updated article reviewing outcomes such as mood, emotions, depression, activity of daily living and so on is actually available; for this reason, little is known about the effectiveness of music and MT on these important outcomes in neurological patients. The aim of this article is to provide a narrative review of the current literature on musical interventions and their effects on mood and depression in patients with neurological disorders. Searching on Pub Med and Psyc Info databases, 25 studies corresponding to the inclusion criteria have been selected; 11 of them assess the effects of music or MT in Dementia, 9 explore the efficacy on patients with Stroke, and 5 regard other neurological diseases like Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/motor neuron disease, Chronic quadriplegia, Parkinson's Disease, and Acquired Brain dysfunctions. Selected studies are based on relational and rehabilitative music therapy approaches or concern music listening interventions. Most of the studies support the efficacy of MT and other musical interventions on mood, depressive syndromes, and quality of life on neurological patients. | Alfredo Raglio Lapo Attardo Giulia Gontero Silvia Rollino Elisabetta Groppo Enrico Granieri | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，1： | 13 |
| 9 | Non invasive blood flow measurement in cerebellum detects minimal hepatic encephalopathy earlier than psychometric tests显示文摘AIM: To assess whether non invasive blood flow measurement by arterial spin labeling in several brain regions detects minimal hepatic encephalopathy. METHODS: Blood flow(BF) was analyzed by arterial spin labeling(ASL) in different brain areas of 14 controls, 24 cirrhotic patients without and 16 cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE). Images were collected using a 3 Tesla MR scanner(Achieva 3T-TX, Philips, Netherlands). Pulsed ASL was performed. Patients showing MHE were detected using the battery Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score(PHES) consisting of five tests. Different cognitive and motor functions were also assessed: alterations in selective attention were evaluated using the Stroop test. Patients and controls also performed visuo-motor and bimanual coordination tests. Several biochemical parameters were measured: serum pro-inflammatory interleukins(IL-6 and IL-18), 3-nitrotyrosine, cGMP and nitrates+nitrites in plasma, and blood ammonia. Bivariate correlations were evaluated.RESULTS: In patients with MHE, BF was increased in cerebellar hemisphere(P = 0.03) and vermis(P = 0.012) and reduced in occipital lobe(P = 0.017). BF in cerebellar hemisphere was also increased in patients without MHE(P = 0.02). Bimanual coordination was impaired in patients without MHE(P = 0.05) and much more in patients with MHE(P < 0.0001). Visuo-motor coordination was impaired only in patients with MHE(P < 0.0001). Attention was slightly affected in patients without MHE and more strongly in patients with MHE(P< 0.0001). BF in cerebellar hemisphere and vermis correlated with performance in most tests of PHES [(number connection tests A(NCT-A), B(NCT-B)and line tracing test] and in the congruent task of Stroop test. BF in frontal lobe correlated with NCT-A. Performance in bimanual and visuomotor coordination tests correlated only with BF in cerebellar hemisphere. BF in occipital lobe correlates with performance in the PHES battery and with CFF. BF in cerebellar hemisphere correlates with plasma cGMP and nitric oxide(NO) metabolites. BF in vermis cerebellar also correlates with NO metabolites and with 3-nitrotyrosine. IL-18 in plasma correlates with BF in thalamus and occipital lobe.CONCLUSION: Non invasive BF determination in cerebellum using ASL may detect MHE earlier than the PHES. Altered NO-cGMP pathway seems to be associated to altered BF in cerebellum. | Vicente Felipo Amparo Urios Carla Giménez-Garzó Omar Cauli Maria-Jesús Andrés-Costa Olga González Miguel A Serra Javier Sánchez-González Roberto Aliaga Remedios Giner-Durán Vicente Belloch Carmina Montoliu | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 12 |
| 10 | Adult human neural stem cell therapeutics: Current developmental status and prospect显示文摘Over the past two decades, regenerative therapies using stem cell technologies have been developed for various neurological diseases. Although stem cell therapy is an attractive option to reverse neural tissue damage and to recover neurological deficits, it is still under development so as not to show significant treatment effects in clinical settings. In this review, we discuss the scientific and clinical basics of adult neural stem cells(a NSCs), and their current developmental status as cell therapeutics for neurological disease. Compared with other types of stem cells, a NSCs have clinical advantages, such as limited proliferation, inborn differentiation potential into functional neural cells, and no ethical issues. In spite of the merits of a NSCs, difficulties in the isolation from the normal brain, and in the in vitro expansion, have blocked preclinical and clinical study using a NSCs. However, several groups have recently developed novel techniques to isolate and expand a NSCs from normal adult brains, and showed successful applications of a NSCs to neurological diseases. With new technologies for a NSCs and their clinical strengths, previous hurdles in stem cell therapies for neurological diseases could be overcome, to realize clinically efficacious regenerative stem cell therapeutics. | Hyun Nam Kee-Hang Lee Do-Hyun Nam Kyeung Min Joo | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，1： | 9 |
| 11 | Orem理论在NICU重型颅脑损伤患者转普通病房过渡期护理中的应用效果显示文摘重型颅脑损伤通常是神经外科常见病,病情复杂,致残率及死亡率高,神经科重症监护室(neurological intensive care unit,NICU)是对重型颅脑损伤患者进行救护的重要场所,这类患者在渡过危险期后,从NICU转至普通病房。在此过渡期中的护理问题往往容易被忽略。国外研究[1]显示:患者从ICU转出后经历过不良事件的占30%;在缺乏合理护理计划的情况下患者转出ICU,死亡率将升高5倍。 | 黄勤慧 王世华 | 2016 | 全科医学临床与教育2016，14，2： | 9 |
| 12 | Exosome-based small RNA delivery:Progress and prospects显示文摘RNA interfering(RNAi), mediated by small interfering RNAs and microRNAs, is currently one of the most promising tools of gene therapy. Small RNAs are capable of inducing specific post-transcriptional gene silencing, providing a potentially effective platform for the treatment of a wide array of diseases. However, similar to other nucleic acid-based drugs,the major hurdle of RNAi therapy is lack of efficient and non-immunogenic delivery vehicles. Currently, viruses, synthetic polymers, and lipid-based carriers are among the most widely studied vehicles for small RNA delivery. However, many drawbacks are reported to be associated with these delivery vehicles. There is a pressing need to replace them with more efficient and better-tolerated approaches. Exosomes secreted from the endocytic compartment of live cells, are a subtype of endogenous extracellular vesicles that transfer genetic and biochemical information among different cells, thus playing an important role in cellcell communication. Recently, accumulating attention has been focused on harnessing exosomes as nanaocarriers for small RNAs delivery. Due to their natural role in shuttling endogenous nucleic acid in our body, exosomes may exhibit higher delivery efficiency, lower immunogenicity, and better compatibility than existing foreign RNA carriers. Importantly,exosomes own intrinsic homing capacity that can guide small RNAs across natural membranous barriers. Moreover, such a capacity can be further improved by adding appropriate targeting moieties. In this manuscript, we briefly review the progress and challenges of RNAi therapy, and discuss the potential of exosomes' applications in small RNA delivery with focus on the most recent advances in exosome-based small RNA delivery for disease therapy. | Mei Lu Haonan Xing Zhe Xun Tianzhi Yang Pingtian Ding Cuifang Cai Dongkai Wang Xiaoyun Zhao | 2018 | Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences2018，13，1： | 8 |
| 13 | What have we learned about the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems in neurological disorders?显示文摘The kallikrein-kinin system(KKS) is an intricate endogenous pathway involved in several physiological and pathological cascades in the brain. Due to the pathological effects of kinins in blood vessels and tissues, their formation and degradation are tightly controlled. Their components have been related to several central nervous system diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy and others. Bradykinin and its receptors(B1R and B2R) may have a role in the pathophysiology of certain central nervous system diseases. It has been suggested that kinin B1R is up-regulated in pathological conditions and has a neurodegenerative pattern, while kinin B2R is constitutive and can act as a neuroprotective factor in many neurological conditions. The renin angiotensin system(RAS) is an important blood pressure regulator and controls both sodium and water intake. AngⅡ is a potent vasoconstrictor molecule and angiotensin converting enzyme is the major enzyme responsible for its release. AngⅡ acts mainly on the AT1 receptor, with involvement in several systemic and neurological disorders. Brain RAS has been associated with physiological pathways, but is also associated with brain disorders. This review describes topics relating to the involvement of both systems in several forms of brain dysfunction and indicates components of the KKS and RAS that have been used as targets in several pharmacological approaches. | Maria da Graa Naffah-Mazzacoratti Telma Luciana Furtado Gouveia Priscila Santos Rodrigues Simōes Sandra Regina Perosa | 2014 | World Journal of Biological Chemistry2014，5，2： | 7 |
| 14 | Occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery after head trauma显示文摘Intracranial arterial occlusion is rarely encountered in association with head injury.Only six cases of traumatic occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery(ACA) have previously been reported.In this paper,the authors describe a case of a posttraumatic occlusion of ACA.A 35-year-old male presented to the emergency room with severe head injury.Computed tomography(CT) scan displayed diffuse brain swelling with multiple skull fractures.Follow up CT scan showed extensive cerebral infarction in the territory of ACA.The patient underwent CT angiography that demonstrated occlusion of the ACA by a fracture of the anterior fossa.He died after 3 d.ACA traumatic occlusion is a rare condition,with poor prognosis.In this case,fracture was responsible for dissection and direct obstruction of the artery. | Wellingson Silva Paiva Almir Ferreira de Andrade Matheus Schmidt Soares Robson Luis Amorim Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira | 2013 | World Journal of Radiology2013，5，5： | 7 |
| 15 | Congenital human cytomegalovirus infection and neurologic diseases in newborns显示文摘Objective: This review aimed to summarize research progress regarding congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection-related nervous system diseases and their mechanisms. Data sources: All literature quoted in this review was retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science using the keywords 'Cytomegalovirus' and 'Neurologic disease' in English. To identify more important information, we did not set time limits. Study selection: Relevant articles were selected by carefully reading the titles and abstracts. Then, different diagnosis and clinical treatment methods for human CMV infection-related neurologic diseases were compared, and the main mechanism and pathogenesis of neurologic damage caused by CMV were summarized from the selected published articles. Results: cCMV infection is a major cause of neonatal malformation. cCMV can infect the fetal encephalon during early gestation and compromise neurodevelopment, resulting in varying degrees of neurologic damage, mainly including hearing impairment, central nervous system (CNS) infection, neurodevelopmental disorders, ophthalmic complications, cerebral neoplasms, infantile autism, epilepsy, and other neurologic abnormalities. Conclusions: cCMV infection-induced neurodevelopmental abnormalities, which were directly caused by fetal encephalon infection, thus inducing neuroimmune responses to damage nerve cells. Such abnormalities were also caused by suppression of the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells by CMV’s gene products. cCMV infection in the fetal encephalon can also inhibit neuronal migration and synapse formation and indirectly trigger placental inflammation and thus disrupt the oxygen supply to the fetus. | Xin-Yan Zhang Feng Fang | 2019 | Chinese Medical Journal2019，，17： | 7 |
| 16 | In vitro screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants from southern Africa显示文摘Objective:To determine the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory(AChE1) and antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of 12 traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of neurological disorders.Methods:AChEI activity was determined spectrophotometrically using the Ellman’s colorimetric method.Antioxidant activity was carried out by determining the ability of the extracts to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl(DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid(ABTS) radicals.The levels of total phenols,flavonoids and flavonols were determined quantitatively using spectrophotometric methods.Results:AChEI was observed to be dose-dependent.Lannea schweinfurthii(L.schweinfurthii)(Engl.) Engl.and Scadoxus puniceus(S.puniceus)(L.) Friis & I.Nordal.root extracts showed the lowest IC50 value of 0.000 3 mg/mL for the ethyl acetate extracts while Zanthoxylum davyi(Z.davyi)(I.Verd.) P.G. Watermann had the lowest IC50 value of 0.01 mg/mL for the methanol extracts in the AChEI assay. The roots of Piper capense(P.capense) L.f.,L.schweinfurthii,Ziziphus mucronata(Z.mucronata) Willd.,Z.davyi and Crinum bulbispermum(C.bulbispermum)(Burm.f.) Milne-Redh.& Schweick.showed noteworthy radical scavenging activity and good AChEI activity.Conclusions: Five plants show good antioxidant and AChEI activity.These findings support the traditional use of the plants for treating neurological disorders especially where a cholinesterase mechanism and reactive oxygen species(ROS) are involved. | EA Adewusi V Steenkamp | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，10： | 7 |
| 17 | Palliative external-beam radiotherapy for bone metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘The incidence of bone metastases(BMs)from hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is relatively low compared to those of other cancers,but it has increased recently,especially in Asian countries.Typically,BMs from HCC appear radiologically as osteolytic,destructive,and expansive components with large,bulky soft-tissue masses.These soft-tissue masses are unique to bone metastases from HCC and often replace the normal bone matrix and exhibit expansive growth.They often compress the peripheral nerves,spinal cord,or cranial nerves,causing not only bone pain but also neuropathic pain and neurological symptoms.In patients with spinal BMs,the consequent metastatic spinal cord compression(MSCC)causes paralysis.Skull base metastases(SBMs)with cranial nerve involvement can cause neurological symptoms.Therefore,patients with bony lesions often suffer from pain or neurological symptoms that have a severe,adverse effect on the quality of life.External-beam radiotherapy(EBRT)can effectively relieve bone pain and neurological symptoms caused by BMs.However,EBRT is not yet widely used for the palliative management of BMs from HCC because of the limited number of relevant studies.Furthermore,the optimal dosing schedule remains unclear,despite clinical evidence to support single-fraction ra-diation schedules for primary cancers.In this review,we outline data describing palliative EBRT for BMs from HCC in the context of(1)bone pain;(2)MSCC;and(3)SBMs. | Shinya Hayashi Hidekazu Tanaka Hiroaki Hoshi | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，12： | 7 |
| 18 | Evaluation of efficacy and safety of gandouling plus sodium dimercaptosulphonate in treatment of patients with neurological Wilson's disease from China显示文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gandouling plus sodium dimercaptosulphonate(DMPS) on neurological Wilson's disease(WD) in patients.METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical records of 125 WD patients with neurological syndromes who were treated with gandouling plus sodium DMPS or DMPS used alone. All patients had a history of neurological deterioration during their diseases courses. The clinical efficacies, adverse reactions, and results of the various hematological and biochemical investigations were recorded for statistical analysis.RESULTS: 92.30%(60 patients) of the WD patients treated with the combined therapy experienced an improved or stable neurological condition paral-leled by a significantly improved GAS score. Meanwhile, the WBC and PLT counts stabilized, liver function and renal function were improved or remained stable. The combined therapy also obviously promoted the 24-h urinary copper excretion. In particular, only 30.76% of the WD patients experienced mild adverse reactions, including neurological deterioration in 5 patients(7.69%), hepatic worsening in 1 subject(1.89%), which was less frequently than those in the control group treated with DMPS only.CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the safety and efficacy of gandou-ling plus DMPS is superior to those of DMPS used alone in the WD patients with neurological symptoms. | Zhang Jing Xie Daojun Guo Yanbing Li Yajun Li Liangyong Han Hui Zhang Juan Chen Huaizhen Wang Meixia | 2018 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2018，38，5： | 7 |
| 19 | Soluble Nogo receptor 1 fusion protein protects neural progenitor cells in rats with ischemic stroke显示文摘Soluble Nogo66 receptor-Fc protein(sNgR-Fc)enhances axonal regeneration following central nervous system injury.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.In this study,we investigated the effects of sNgR-Fc on the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells.The photothrombotic cortical injury model of ischemic stroke was produced in the parietal cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats.The rats with photothrombotic cortical injury were randomized to receive infusion of 400μg/kg sNgR-Fc(sNgR-Fc group)or an equal volume of phosphate-buffered saline(photothrombotic cortical injury group)into the lateral ventricle for 3 days.The effects of sNgR-Fc on the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural progenitor cells were examined using BrdU staining.Neurological function was evaluated with the Morris water maze test.To further examine the effects of sNgR-Fc treatment on neural progenitor cells,photothrombotic cortical injury was produced in another group of rats that received transplantation of neural progenitor cells from the hippocampus of embryonic Sprague-Dawley rats.The animals were then given an infusion of phosphate-buffered saline(neural progenitor cells group)or sNgR-Fc(sNgR-Fc+neural progenitor cells group)into the lateral ventricle for 3 days.sNgR-Fc enhanced the proliferation of cultured neural progenitor cells in vitro as well as that of endogenous neural progenitor cells in vivo,compared with phosphate-buffered saline,and it also induced the differentiation of neural progenitor cells into neurons.Compared with the photothrombotic cortical injury group,escape latency in the Morris water maze and neurological severity score were greatly reduced,and distance traveled in the target quadrant was considerably increased in the sNgR-Fc group,indicating a substantial improvement in neurological function.Furthermore,compared with phosphate-buffered saline infusion,sNgR-Fc infusion strikingly improved the survival and differentiation of grafted neural progenitor cells.Our findings show that sNgR-Fc regulates neural progenitor cell proliferation,migration and differentiation.Therefore,sNgR-Fc is a potential novel therapy for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases,The protocols were approved by the Committee on the Use of Live Animals in Teaching and Research of the University of Hong Kong(approval No.4560-17)in November,2015. | Hai-Wei He Yue-Lin Zhang Bao-Qi Yu Gen Ye Wei You Kwok-fai So Xin Li | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，10： | 6 |
| 20 | Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and neurological and psychiatric disorders:An overview显示文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is considered a systemic disease because of involvement of other organs and tissues concomitantly with liver disease.Among the extrahepatic manifestations,neuropsychiatric disorders have been reported in up to 50%of chronic HCV infected patients.Both the central and peripheral nervous system may be involved with a wide variety of clinical manifestations.Main HCV-associated neurological conditions include cerebrovascular events,encephalopathy,myelitis,encephalomyelitis,and cognitive impairment,whereas'brain fog',depression,anxiety,and fatigue are at the top of the list of psychiatric disorders.Moreover,HCV infection is known to cause both motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy in the context of mixed cryoglobulinemia,and has also been recently recognized as an independent risk factor for stroke.These extrahepatic manifestations are independent of severity of the underlying chronic liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy.The brain is a suitable site for HCV replication,where the virus may directly exert neurotoxicity;other mechanisms proposed to explain the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders in chronic HCV infection include derangement of metabolic pathways of infected cells,alterations in neurotransmitter circuits,autoimmune disorders,and cerebral or systemic inflammation.A pathogenic role for HCV is also suggested by improvement of neurological and psychiatric symptoms in patients achieving a sustained virologic response following interferon treatment;however,further ad hoc trials are needed to fully assess the impact of HCV infection and specific antiviral treatments on associated neuropsychiatric disorders. | Luigi Elio Adinolfi Riccardo Nevola Giacomo Lus Luciano Restivo Barbara Guerrera Ciro Romano Rosa Zampino Luca Rinaldi Ausilia Sellitto Mauro Giordano Aldo Marrone | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，8： | 6 |
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