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| 1 | Multi-disciplinary design optimization with variable complexity modeling for a stratosphere airship显示文摘This paper proposes a hybrid architecture based on Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization(MDO) with the Variable Complexity Modeling(VCM) method, to solve the problem of general design optimization for a stratosphere airship. Firstly, MDO based on the Concurrent SubSpace Optimization(CSSO) strategy is improved for handling the subsystem coupling problem in stratosphere airship design which contains aerodynamics, structure, and energy. Secondly, the VCM method based on the surrogate model is presented for reducing the computational complexity in high-fidelity modeling without loss of accuracy. Moreover, the global-to-local optimization strategy is added to the architecture to enhance the process. Finally, the result gives a prominent stratosphere airship general solution that validates the feasibility and efficiency of the optimization architecture. Besides, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to outline the critical impact upon stratosphere airship design. | Shi YIN Ming ZHU Haoquan LIANG | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2019，32，5： | 7 |
| 2 | Arctic oscillation and the antarcic oscillation modes in the atmospheric stratosphere显示文摘On the basis of the EOF analysis of global geopotential height anomaly (GHA) field at 10 hPa level, the arctic oscillation (AO) and the means antarctic oscillation (AAO) can be detected more obviously at the upper level of atmosphere than the AO or the AAO in surface layer. Unlike the hemisphere pattern of the AO and the AAO in the surface lager given by previous authors, the AO or the AAO in the stratosphere has its global features. The zonal oscillations-the Southern Oscillation (SO) and the north oscillation (NO) in atmospheric surface layer become less clear in the upper air. The first mode (AO mode, abbreviated to AOM hereafter) and the second mode (AAO mode, abbreviated to AAOM hereafter) respectively have 41.47% and 27.04% of the total variance contribution. The cumulative variance contribution of the first two modes reaches 68.51%. These two modes are the main components for the interdecadal or decadal oscillation in the stratosphere. In addition, there still exist two kinds of oscillation patterns with less probability, namely, the symmetric pattern at mid-high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere and the asymmetric pattern. Spectral analysis shows that the AOM and the AAOM all have a spectral peak for 22 a period, being consistent with the periodic variations of the solar magnetic field, and a peak for 11 a period, being consistent with the period of the numbers of sunspots. Step filter analysis shows that the influencing factor for the upper atmospheric oscillation is the solar activity. The fluctuation of the solar magnetic field is the more influencing factor than the variation of the sunspot number. | QU Weizheng HUANG Fei ZHAO Jinping YANG Liang HE Hui DENG Shenggui CAO Yong | 2005 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2005，24，6： | 4 |
| 3 | BALLOON-BORNE MEASUREMENTS OF AEROSOL VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS OVER BEIJING DURING THE SUMMER AND AUTUMN OF 1993显示文摘The results of two balloon soundings during the summer and autumn of 1993 from the Xianghe Observation Stationare being utilized in a study of the temporal and spatial distribution of the atmospheric aerosols.The balloon,gondola,instrumentation and atmospheric conditions during the observation period are described.The temporal and spatialcharacteristics of aerosol concentration,size ratio,mixing ratio,and size distribution for both troposphere and strato-sphere are presented and analyzed. | 周军 谭锟 邵石生 龚知本 石广玉 郭建东 王标 张豹武 孙宝来 Yasunobu Iwasaka Masahiko Hayashi Masahiro Hase | 1994 | Acta meteorologica Sinica1994，8，4： | 3 |
| 4 | Relationship between extensive and persistent extreme cold events in China and stratospheric circulation anomalies显示文摘This study examines the relationship between the extensive and persistent extreme cold events(EPECEs)in China and geopotential height anomalies in the stratosphere using daily mean fields of outgoing long wave radiation(OLR)produced by the NCAR and daily atmospheric circulations produced by the NCEP/NCAR.The OLR composite analysis for the EPECE in China demonstrates that the negative OLR height anomalies(cold air)originated from Siberia influence China progressively from north to south.The largest negative OLR height anomaly(cooling event)occurs in the region to the north of the Nanling Mountains.This suggests that the OLR height anomalies can be used to represent the temporal and spatial characteristics of extreme low temperatures and cold air activities in winter in China.The composite analysis of large-scale atmospheric circulations during the EPECE reveals characteristic evolutions of stratospheric and tropospheric circulations during the extreme cold event.We demonstrate the important role of atmospheric circulation anomalies in the outbreak and dissipation of the EPECE in China.We also demonstrate that significant perturbations in the stratospheric circulation occur more than 10 days prior to the outbreak of the EPECE,with positive height anomalies in the Arctic stratosphere.These positive anomalies propagate downward from the stratosphere and affect the formation and development of the high pressure ridge in the middle troposphere over the Ural Mountains.Significant changes also occur in the atmospheric circulation in the mid-latitude stratosphere.These changes propagate downward from the stratosphere and strengthen the low pressure trough in the troposphere in the region to the east of Lake Balkhash and Lake Baikal.Therefore,the changes in the stratospheric circulation during the EPECE in China occur prior to changes in the tropospheric circulation and are very useful for predicting extreme wintertime cold temperatures in China. | Hui Yang Xinrong Chen Gui-Ying Yang | 2016 | Satellite Oceanography and Meteorology2016，1，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Radiosonde observations of high-latitude planetary waves in the lower atmosphere显示文摘The characteristics of high-latitude planetary waves (PWs) in the troposphere and lower stratosphere (TLS) are studied by using the data from radiosonde observations during 1998 to 2006 at three Alaskan stations in USA (Nome, 64.50°N, 165.43°W; McGrath, 62.97°N, 155.62°W; Fairbanks, 64.82°N, 147.87°W). It is found that strong PWs exist in two regions. One is around tropopause, and the other is in the polar night jet (PNJ) in winter. The PW activities are rather intermittent, and their lifetimes are no longer than two months. Among three perturbation components in zonal and meridional winds and temperature, the temperature disturbance amplitude is the smallest, and the amplitude for the meridional wind component the largest. Around the tropopause, quasi 5-, 10-, and 16-day PW activities can be observed simultaneously. Among these PW components, the quasi 5-day and 10-day PW are the weakest and strongest, respectively. Moreover, PWs around the tropopause are complex and no obvious season variability can be observed. However, in the PNJ, the higher region, only obvious quasi 10-day and 16-day PWs remain, with smaller amplitudes than those around the tropopause. And significant PWs in the PNJ occur only in winter. By calculating the refractive index for PWs, it is found that there is a persistent reflection layer around 11 km, which is thick in summer and becomes thin or even disappears in winter, revealing that PWs in the stratosphere can only occur in winter. PWs in the 2003/2004 winter at the three stations are analyzed in detail. It is found that for the focused observation duration, the quasi 10-day and quasi 16-day waves exist mainly in the troposphere and stratosphere, respectively. The quasi 10-day wave is a standing wave in the vertical direction, with vertical wavelength about 12 km in the temperature component and larger than 26 km in the meridional component. Moreover, the tropospheric quasi 10-day wave propagates westward with the zonal numbers between 2 and 4. The quasi 16-day wave is also a standing wave in the vertical direction with vertical wavelength larger than 20 km, and seems to be a stationary wave in the horizontal direction. | WANG Rui1,2,3, ZHANG ShaoDong1,2,3 & YI Fan1,2,3 1 School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China 2 Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China 3 State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430079, China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，6： | 1 |
| 6 | A multi-location joint field observation of the stratosphere and troposphere over the Tibetan Plateau显示文摘The unique geographical location and high altitude of the Tibetan Plateau can greatly influence regional weather and climate.In particular, the Asian summer monsoon(ASM) anticyclone circulation system over the Tibetan Plateau is recognized to be a significant transport pathway for water vapor and pollutants to enter the stratosphere. To improve understanding of these physical processes, a multi-location joint atmospheric experiment was performed over the Tibetan Plateau from late July to August in 2018, funded by the fiveyear(2018–2022) STEAM(stratosphere and troposphere exchange experiment during ASM) project, during which multiple platforms/instruments—including long-duration stratospheric balloons, dropsondes, unmanned aerial vehicles, special sounding systems, and ground-based and satellite-borne instruments—will be deployed. These complementary methods of data acquisition are expected to provide comprehensive atmospheric parameters(aerosol, ozone, water vapor, CO_2, CH_4, CO, temperature, pressure,turbulence, radiation, lightning and wind); the richness of this approach is expected to advance our comprehension of key mechanisms associated with thermal, dynamical, radiative, and chemical transports over the Tibetan Plateau during ASM activity. | JinQiang Zhang Yi Liu HongBin Chen ZhaoNan Cai ZhiXuan Bai LingKun Ran Tao Luo Jing Yang YiNan Wang YueJian Xuan YinBo Huang XiaoQing Wu JianChun Bian DaRen Lu | 2019 | Earth and Planetary Physics2019，3，2： | 1 |
| 7 | PERSISTENT ANOMALIES OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE WINTERTIME STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE ADVECTION显示文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONExamination of the relationship between the sudden stratospheric warmings and the blocking high in the troposphere indicates that there is the persistent strong warm advection in the stratosphere, which occurred primarily near Greenland over the northern Atlantic prior to each sudden stratospheric warming for at least ten days, the development of the blocking high in the troposphere is also closely related to the persistent warm advection | 李自强 高由禧 瞿章 杨成彬 | 1990 | Chinese Science Bulletin1990，35，18： | 1 |
| 8 | Lidar Observations of Mt. Pinatubo Cloud Over Hefei显示文摘After being dominant for more than 600 years, Mt. Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines (15.14°N, 120.35°E) erupted on June 15, 1991. Its powerful explosion injected about 20 megatons of ash and SO2 gases into stratosphere, making significant enhancement in stratospheric aerosol. The Mt. Pinatubo explosion is the most violent in this century. Its cloud will have important impact on the global radiation budget | 周军 胡欢陵 龚知本 | 1993 | Chinese Science Bulletin1993，38，16： | 1 |
| 9 | Advances in Researches on the Middle and Upper Atmosphere in 2010—2012显示文摘This article summarizes the researches on the middle and upper atmosphere by Chinese scientists in 2010-2012.The focuses are placed on the advances in construction of ground-based remote sensing facilities,the mean state and long-term changes in the middle atmosphere circulation, the prevailing dynamical processes,and the coupling of the middle atmospheric layers. | CHEN Zeyu CHEN Hongbin LIU Xiao HU Xiong BIAN Jianchu CHEN Wen ZHANG Shaodong XUE Xianghui | 2012 | 空间科学学报2012，32，5： | 0 |
| 10 | NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF QBO IN OZONE显示文摘In this paper, a two-dimensional primitive equation model, coupling dynamical, radiative andphotochemical processes, is used to simulate the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in ozone. TheQBO in total ozone has been successfully simulated when the forcing of equatorial stratosphericQBO in zonal wind is imposed. The simulated characters of QBO in ozone are in close agreementwith those observed. We further analyzed the mechanism of formation and maintenance of QBO inozone. In the different phases of QBO in equatorial stratospheric wind field, the global circulationhas so great difference that it makes the effects of advection transfer and eddy transfer present aquasi-biennial periodical variation. Chemical effect and dynamical effect are basically out-of-phase.They together form and maintain the QBO in ozone. Total variation rate is a tiny difference of thetwo large amounts. At the lower level of middle-high latitudes, however, it has a phase differenceof about 1-2 months between dynamical and negative chemical effects, where the dynamical effectis comparatively greater. QBO in ozone has no clear counter effects on atmospheric circulation. The experiment resultsshow that the effects of QBO in ozone on temperature field and wind field are very small. | 刘洪利 李维亮 周秀骥 | 1999 | Acta meteorologica Sinica1999，13，4： | 0 |
| 11 | Role of Stratospheric Processes in Climate Change: Advances and Challenges显示文摘In this review,instead of summarizing all the advances and progress achieved in stratospheric research,the main advances and new developments in stratosphere-troposphere coupling and stratospheric chemistry-climate interactions are summarized,and some outstanding issues and grand challenges are discussed.A consensus has been reached that the stratospheric state is an important source of improving the predictability of the troposphere on sub-seasonal to seasonal(S2S)time scales and beyond.However,applying stratospheric signals in operational S2S forecast models remains a challenge because of model deficiencies and the complexities of the underlying mechanisms of stratosphere-troposphere coupling.Stratospheric chemistry,which controls the magnitude and distribution of many important climate-forcing agents,plays a critical role in global climate change.Convincing evidence has been found that stratospheric ozone depletion and recovery have caused significant tropospheric climate changes,and more recent studies have revealed that stratospheric ozone variations can even exert an impact on SSTs and sea ice.The climatic impacts of stratospheric aerosols and water vapor are also important.Although their quantitative contributions to radiative forcing have been reasonably well quantified,there still exist large uncertainties in their long-term impacts on climate.The advances and new levels of understanding presented in this review suggest that whole-atmosphere interactions need to be considered in future for a better and more thorough understanding of stratosphere-troposphere coupling and its role in climate change. | Wenshou TIAN Jinlong HUANG Jiankai ZHANG Fei XIE Wuke WANG Yifeng PENG | 2023 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2023，40，8： | 0 |
| 12 | 小游戏 卡门线挑战 谁是间谍?显示文摘This conversation could have taken place in troposphere,stratosphere,mesosphere,thermosphere,even in deep space.Speaker A(singing):I believe I can fly,I believe I can touch the sky…Speaker B(interrupt):Hi,_____.Long time no see!Speaker A:What a coincidence!You guys are on the news a lot lately. | 周小鱼 | 2022 | 问天少年2022，，1： | 0 |
| 13 | 概念刀——SUZUKI Stratosphere Concept显示文摘根据对各大媒体及消费者的调查,铃木公司得出了一个非常模糊的结论——摩托车既要复古又要走技术路线。基于这个理念,铃木准备进行这样一次尝试:造一辆摩托车,要平易近人,能够唤起以往的追忆;还要够震撼,足以让人过目不忘。于是,2005年10月的东京摩托车展会上,铃木概念车Stratosphere出现了。 | 张伟 | 2006 | 摩托车趋势2006，，5： | 0 |
| 14 | GROUND-BASED REMOTE SENSING OF THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF PINATOBU'S VOLCANIC CLOUD显示文摘In this paper,data of solar direct spectral radiance observation in summer and autumn of 1990 and 1991 were usedto derive the average atmospheric extinction spectra for very clear days each year.The difference of these two extinctionspectra is obvious and considered as the contribution of volcanic cloud resulting from Pinatobu’s volcanic eruption inmiddle June of 1991.This average size distribution of volcanic cloud was retrieved from the difference spectra and givenin this paper which will be useful for estimation and modeling of the effects of volcanic eruption. | 吕达仁 刘锦丽 李放 | 1994 | Acta meteorologica Sinica1994，8，1： | 0 |
| 15 | Solar-wind–magnetosphere energy influences the interannual variability of the northern-hemispheric winter climate显示文摘Solar irradiance has been universally acknowledged to be dominant by quasi-decadal variability,which has been adopted frequently to investigate its effect on climate decadal variability.As one major terrestrial energy source,solar-wind energy flux into Earth’s magnetosphere(Ein)exhibits dramatic interannual variation,the effect of which on Earth’s climate,however,has not drawn much attention.Based on the Ein estimated by 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations,we demonstrate a novelty that the annual mean Ein can explain up to 25%total interannual variance of the northern-hemispheric temperature in the subsequent boreal winter.The concurrent anomalous atmospheric circulation resembles the positive phase of Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation.The warm anomalies in the tropic stratopause and tropopause induced by increased solar-wind–magnetosphere energy persist into the subsequent winter.Due to the dominant change in the polar vortex and mid-latitude westerly in boreal winter,a‘top-down’propagation of the stationary planetary wave emerges in the Northern Hemisphere and further influences the atmospheric circulation and climate. | Shengping He Huijun Wang Fei Li Hui Li Chi Wang | 2020 | National Science Review2020，7，1： | 0 |
| 16 | Toward better watching of the deep atmosphere over East Asia显示文摘A salient feature of the East Asian orography is the huge Tibetan Plateau in the west and the broad Pacific in the east.Reversals in the temperature gradient between the Eurasian continent and the adjacent Pacific Ocean associated with the progression of the seasons have produced the prominent East Asian monsoon system.The summer monsoon contributes about 49%of the annual precipitation over East Asia.Anomalous monsoon activities have and will continue to affect more than one billion people living in this area(Zhou TJ et al.,2009,2011). | TianJun Zhou | 2019 | Earth and Planetary Physics2019，3，2： | 0 |
| 17 | Organic Solar Cells at Stratospheric Condition for High Altitude Platform Station Application显示文摘High specific power or power to mass ratio is a critical concern of photovoltaic(PV)for aerospace applications.Organic solar cells(OSCs)have advantages such as high absorption coefficient,compatibility with flexible substrate,light-weight,etc.Moreover,recently OSCs achieved power conversion efficiency(PCE)over 20%with the incorporation of the non-fullerene based small molecule acceptor and high specific power is believed to be obtained.To enter the market,high-altitude platform station(HAPS)is perhaps the first place to start with.In this work,we explore and compare the in-situ performance of two high performing OSCs,using the same donor but different acceptors,in mimic HAPS environment where the pressure,temperature and the illumination conditions are controlled.We found that the use of acceptor can result in substantial difference in the performance at low temperatures. | Ram Datt Harrison Ka Hin Lee Guichuan Zhang Hin-Lap Yip Wing Chung Tsoi | 2022 | Chinese Journal of Chemistry2022，40，24： | 0 |
| 18 | THE PREVIOUS STRATOSPHERE CHARACTERISTICS OF EL NINO显示文摘El Nio usually happens with the anomaly of general circulation of atmosphere and climate in the world. El Nio has close statistical relationships with the rainfall decrease in Africa, the monsoon weakening in India, and the Australian aridity. In recent years, it is also pointed out that there is a certain correlation between El Nio and Chinese climate and weather. In El Nio year, the summer temperature is lower than normal in the northeast of China. The happening and development of El Nio can also cause the anomalies of rainfalls in Changjiang River valley and the typhoon in China. Therefore, the fore- | 顾润源 刘晓东 王玉玺 | 1992 | Chinese Science Bulletin1992，37，10： | 0 |
| 19 | Observations of Dynamic Turbulence in the Lower Stratosphere over Inner Mongolia Using a High-resolution Balloon Sensor Constant Temperature Anemometer显示文摘We present characterizations of the dynamic turbulence in the lower stratosphere measured by a new balloon-based system designed for detecting finer scale dynamic turbulence. The balloon-based system included a constant temperature anemometer(CTA) operating at a sampling rate of 2 k Hz at an ascent speed of 5 m s^(-1)(corresponding to a vertical resolution of 2.5 mm), an industrial personal computer, batteries, sensors for ambient temperature and humidity, an A/D converter, and others. The system was successfully launched to 24 km altitude over Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia Province. Results show the spatial intermittence of the turbulence layers, with clear boundaries between turbulent and nonturbulent regions. This is the first time that the dynamic turbulence spectrum down to the viscous sub-range has been obtained throughout the lower stratosphere over China. With that, the energy dissipation rates of dynamic turbulence could be calculated with high precision. The profile of the dissipation rates varied from 7.37 × 10^(-7) to 4.23 W kg^(-1) and increased with altitude in the stratosphere. | Xiaoyu REN Yi LIU Zhaonan CAI Yuli ZHANG | 2022 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2022，39，3： | 0 |
| 20 | THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STRATOSPHERE IN GREENHOUSE EFFECT显示文摘Two one-dimensional radiative-convective models with the same scheme and the different ranges that one is fromsurface to stratopause and the other is from surface to tropopause,have been developed to study the role played by thestratosphere in greenhouse effect.It is shown that the addition of stratospheric response may lead to an increase of 7—50percent in radiative forcing at the tropopause,and an increase of 20—60 percent in surface temperature when the con-centration of the same gas in the two models increases at the same time;and when the same change in radiative forcing atthe tropopause due to the same agent in the two models occurs,the addition of stratospheric response may lead to an in-crease of 5—20 percent in surface temperature;and allowing for the stratospheric adjustment means that the tempera-ture responses to the same flux change due to different causes are in far disagreement. | 郭彩丽 李维亮 刘煜 | 1993 | Acta meteorologica Sinica1993，7，1： | 0 |
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