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| 1 | 体外冲击波对兔膝骨关节炎软骨白细胞介素-1β及肿瘤坏死因子-α表达的影响显示文摘目的观察体外冲击波(ESW)对兔膝骨性关节炎软骨白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的影响。方法将30只新西兰大白兔随机分为对照组、模型组和治疗组,每组各10只。模型组和治疗组采用改良伸直位固定6周,制备兔膝骨关节炎模型。治疗组造模后立即给予ESW治疗1次,能流密度0.1 mJ/mm2,冲击次数1000次。各组分别于治疗后4周处死,观察大体标本形态学变化,采用免疫组织化学法检测各组关节软骨中IL-1β和TNF-α的水平。结果治疗组IL-1β和TNF-α的表达较模型组明显下调(P<0.01)。结论 ESW能下调兔膝骨关节炎软骨细胞IL-1β、TNF-α的表达。 | 侯晓东 刘洪柏 刘克敏 | 2014 | 中国康复理论与实践2014，20，2： | 18 |
| 2 | Liver transplantation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘The most appropriate treatment for Klatskin tumor(KT)with a curative intention is multimodal therapy based on achieving resection with tumour-free margins(R0resections)combined with other types of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment(the most important factor affecting KT survival is the possibility of R0 resections,achieving 5-year survival rate of 40%-50%).Thirty to forty percent of patients with KT are inoperable and present a 5-year survival rate of 0%.In irresectable non-disseminated KT patients,using liver transplantation without neoadjuvant treatment,the 5-year survival rate increase to 38%,reaching 50%survival in early stage.In selected cases,with liver transplantation and neoadjuvant treatment(chemotherapy and radiotherapy),the actuarial survival rate is 65%at 5 years and 59%at 10 years.In conclusion,correct staging,neoadjuvant treatment,living donor and priority on the liver transplant waiting list may lead to improved results. | Ricardo Robles Francisco Sánchez-Bueno Pablo Ramírez Roberto Brusadin Pascual Parrilla | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，48： | 17 |
| 3 | Review of endoscopic radiofrequency in biliopancreatic tumours with emphasis on clinical benefits, controversies and safety显示文摘Most pancreatic cancers and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are unresectable at the time of diagnosis, and even in case of a resectable cancer, for elderly or patients with coexistent comorbidities, surgery is not an option. Current treatment alternatives in these scenarios are very limited. Biliary stenting with selfexpanding metal stents(SEMS) is the mainstay palliative treatment of biliary obstruction due to unresectable pancreatic cancer or cholangiocarcinoma. Nevertheless, more than 50% of SEMS become occluded after 6 mo due to tumour over- and ingrowth, leading to hospital readmissions and reinterventions that significantly impair quality of life. Regimes of chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy also provide minimal survival benefits. Therefore, novel therapies are eagerly awaited. Radiofrequency(RF) energy causes coagulative necrosis leading to local destruction of the accessed malignant tissue and has an established role in the treatment of malignancies in several solid organs, especially liver cancers. However, pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary cancers are not easily accessed by a percutaneous route, making the procedure dangerous. Over the past five years, the development of dedicated devices compatible with endoscopic instruments has offered a minimally invasive option for RF energy delivery in biliopancreatic cancers. Emerging experience with endoscopic RF ablation(RFA) in this setting has been reported in the literature, but little is known about its feasibility, efficacy and safety. A literature review makes it clear that RFA in biliopancreatic tumours is feasible with high rates of technical success and acceptable safety profile. Although available data suggest a benefit of survival with RFA, there is not enough evidence to draw a firm conclusion about its efficacy. For this reason, prospective randomized trials comparing RFA with standard palliative treatments with quality-of-life and survival endpoints are required. Anecdotal reportshave also highlighted a potential curative role of RFA in small pancreatic tumours and benign conditions, such as ductal extension of ampullomas, intrahepatic adenomas or non-tumoural biliary strictures. These newest indications also deserve further examination in larger series of studies. | María-Victoria Alvarez-Sánchez Bertrand Napoléon | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，37： | 16 |
| 4 | Imaging of bone metastasis: An update显示文摘Early detection of skeletal metastasis is critical for accurate staging and optimal treatment. This paper briefly reviews our current understanding of the biological mechanisms through which tumours metastasise to bone and describes the available imaging methods to diagnose bone metastasis and monitor response to treatment. Among the various imaging modalities currently available for imaging skeletal metastasis, hybrid techniques whichfuse morphological and functional data are the most sensitive and specific, and positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography and PET/magnetic resonance imaging will almost certainly continue to evolve and become increasingly important in this regard. | Gerard J O'Sullivan Fiona L Carty Carmel G Cronin | 2015 | World Journal of Radiology2015，7，8： | 10 |
| 5 | Biomaterial-based strategies for maxillofacial tumour therapy and bone defect regeneration显示文摘Issues caused by maxillofacial tumours involve not only dealing with tumours but also repairing jaw bone defects.In traditional tumour therapy,the systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs,invasive surgical resection,intractable tumour recurrence,and metastasis are major threats to the patients’lives in the clinic.Fortunately,biomaterial-based intervention can improve the efficiency of tumour treatment and decrease the possibility of recurrence and metastasis,suggesting new promising antitumour therapies.In addition,maxillofacial bone tissue defects caused by tumours and their treatment can negatively affect the physiological and psychological health of patients,and investment in treatment can result in a multitude of burdens to society.Biomaterials are promising options because they have good biocompatibility and bioactive properties for stimulation of bone regeneration.More interestingly,an integrated material regimen that combines tumour therapy with bone repair is a promising treatment option.Herein,we summarized traditional and biomaterial-mediated maxillofacial tumour treatments and analysed biomaterials for bone defect repair.Furthermore,we proposed a promising and superior design of dual-functional biomaterials for simultaneous tumour therapy and bone regeneration to provide a new strategy for managing maxillofacial tumours and improve the quality of life of patients in the future. | Bowen Tan Quan Tang Yongjin Zhong Yali Wei Linfeng He Yanting Wu Jiabao Wu Jinfeng Liao | 2021 | International Journal of Oral Science2021，13，1： | 9 |
| 6 | Minireview on laparoscopic hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery显示文摘The first laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in the mid-1980s. Since then, laparoscopic surgery has continued to gain prominence in numerous fields, and has, in some fields, replaced open surgery as the preferred operative technique. The role of laparoscopy in staging cancer is controversial, with regards to gallbladder carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma, laparoscopy in conjunction with intraoperative ultrasound has prevented nontherapeutic operations, and facilitated therapeutic operations. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred option in the management of gallbladder disease. Meta-analyses comparing laparoscopic to open distal pancreatectomy show that laparoscopic pancreatectomy is safe and efficacious in the management of benign and malignant disease, and have better patient outcomes. A pancreaticoduodenectomy is a more complex operation and the laparoscopic technique is not feasible for this operation at this time. Robotic assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy has been tried with limited success at this time, but with continuing advancement in this field, this operation would eventually be feasible. Liver resection remains to be the best management for hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal liver metastases. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown that laparoscopic liver resections result in patients with equal or less blood loss and shorter hospital stays, as compared to open surgery. With improving equipment and technique, and the incorporation of robotic surgery, minimally invasive liver resection operative times will improve and be more efficacious. With the incorporation of robotic surgery into hepatobiliary surgery, donor hepatectomies have also been completed with success. The management of benign and malignant disease with minimally invasive hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery is safe and efficacious. | Clara Tan-Tam Stephen W Chung | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，3： | 9 |
| 7 | p21-activated kinase signalling in pancreatic cancer: New insights into tumour biology and immune modulation显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies worldwide, with a very poor prognosis and a five-year survival rate less than 8%. This dismal outcome is largely due to delayed diagnosis, early distant dissemination and resistance to conventional chemotherapies. Kras mutation is a well-defined hallmark of pancreatic cancer, with over 95% of cases harbouring Kras mutations that give rise to constitutively active forms of Kras. As important down-stream effectors of Kras, p21-activated kinases(PAKs) are involved in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion/migration and chemo-resistance. Immunotherapy is now emerging as a promising treatment modality in the era of personalized anti-cancer therapeutics. In this review, basic knowledge of PAK structure and regulation is briefly summarised and the pivotal role of PAKs in Kras-driven pancreatic cancer is highlighted in terms of tumour biology and chemoresistance. Finally, the involvement of PAKs in immune modulation in the tumour microenvironment is discussed and the potential advantages of targeting PAKs are explored. | Kai Wang Graham S Baldwin Mehrdad Nikfarjam Hong He | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，33： | 7 |
| 8 | Zinc-α2-glycoprotein 1 attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by negatively regulating tumour necrosis factor-α显示文摘BACKGROUND Zinc-α2-glycoprotein 1 (AZGP1) plays important roles in metabolism-related diseases. The underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic effects of AZGP1 remain unknown in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). AIM To explore the effects and potential mechanism of AZGP1 on NAFLD in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The expression of AZGP1 and its effects on hepatocytes were examined in NAFLD patients, CCl4-treated mice fed a high fat diet (HFD), and human LO2 cells. RESULTS AZGP1 levels were significantly decreased in liver tissues of NAFLD patients and mice. AZGP1 knockdown was found to activate inflammation;enhance steatogenesis, including promoting lipogenesis [sterol regulatory elementbinding protein (SREBP)-1c, liver X receptor (LXR), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD)-1], increasing lipid transport and accumulation [fatty acid transport protein (FATP), carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)-1A, and adiponectin], and reducing fatty acid β-oxidation [farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α];accelerate proliferation;and reverse apoptosis in LO2 cells. AZGP1 overexpression (OV-AZGP1) had the opposite effects. Furthermore, AZGP1 alleviated NAFLD by blocking TNF-α-mediated inflammation and intracellular lipid deposition, promoting proliferation, and inhibiting apoptosis in LO2 cells. Finally, treatment with OV-AZGP1 plasmid dramatically improved liver injury and eliminated liver fat in NAFLD mice. CONCLUSION AZGP1 attenuates NAFLD with regard to ameliorating inflammation, accelerating lipolysis, promoting proliferation, and reducing apoptosis by negatively regulating TNF-α. AZGP1 is suggested to be a novel promising therapeutic target for NAFLD. | Ting Liu Xin Luo Zheng-Hong Li Jun-Cheng Wu Sheng-Zheng Luo Ming-Yi Xu | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，36： | 7 |
| 9 | Synergistic effect of interleukin-10-receptor variants in a case of early-onset ulcerative colitis显示文摘AIM:To investigated the molecular cause of very early-onset ulcerative colitis(UC)in an 18-mo-old affected child.METHODS:We analysed the interleukin-10(IL10)receptor genes at the DNA and RNA level in the proband and his relatives.Beta catenin and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNFα)receptors were analysed in the proteins extracted from peripheral blood cells of the proband,his relatives and familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)and PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome(PHTS)patients.Samples were also collected from the proband’s inflamed colorectal mucosa and compared to healthy and tumour mucosa collected from a FAP patient and patients affected by sporadic colorectal cancer(CRC).Finally,we examined mesalazine and azathioprine effects on primary fibroblasts stabilised from UC and FAP patients.RESULTS:Our patient was a compound heterozygote for the IL10RB E47K polymorphism,inherited from his father,and for a novel point mutation within the IL10RA promoter(the-413G->T),inherited from his mother.Beta catenin and tumour necrosis factorαreceptors-Ⅰ(TNFRI)protein were both over-expressed in peripheral blood cells of the proband’s relatives more than the proband.However,TNFRII was over-expressed only in the proband.Finally,both TNFα-receptors were shown to be under-expressed in the inflamed colon mucosa and colorectal cancer tissue compared to healthy colon mucosa.Consistent with this observation,mesalazine and azathioprine induced,in primary fibroblasts,IL10RB and TNFRII over-expression and TNFRI and TNFαunder-expression.We suggest thatβ-catenin and TNFRI protein expression in peripheral blood cells could represent molecular markers of sub-clinical disease in apparently healthy relatives of patients with early-onset UC.CONCLUSION:A synergistic effect of several variant alleles of the IL10 receptor genes,inherited in a Mende-lian manner,is involved in UC onset in this young child. | Martina Galatola Erasmo Miele Caterina Strisciuglio Lorella Paparo Daniela Rega Paolo Delrio Francesca Duraturo Massimo Martinelli Giovanni Battista Rossi Annamaria Staiano Paola Izzo Marina De Rosa | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，46： | 7 |
| 10 | Anti-tumour necrosis factor agent and liver injury:literature review,recommendations for management显示文摘Abnormalities in liver function tests,including transient and self-limiting hypertransaminasemia,cholestatic disease and hepatitis,can develop during treatment with anti-tumour-necrosis-factor(TNF)therapy.The optimal management of liver injury related to antiTNF therapy is still a matter of debate.Although some authors recommend discontinuing treatment in case of both a rise of alanine aminotransferase more than5 times the upper limit of normal,or the occurrence of jaundice,there are no standard guidelines for the management of anti-TNF-related liver injury.Bibliographical searches were performed in Pub Med,using the following key words:inflammatory bowel disease(IBD);TNF inhibitors;hypertransaminasemia;drugrelated liver injury;infliximab.According to published data,elevation of transaminases in patients with IBD treated with anti-TNF is a common finding,but resolution appears to be the usual outcome.Anti-TNF agents seem to be safe with a low risk of causing severe drugrelated liver injury.According to our centre experience,we found that hypertransaminasemia was a common,mainly self-limiting finding in our IBD cohort and was not correlated to infliximab treatment on both univariate and multivariate analyses.An algorithm for the management of liver impairment occurring during antiTNF treatment is also proposed and this highlights the need of a multidisciplinary approach and suggests liver biopsy as a key-point in the management decision in case of severe rise of transaminases.However,hepatic injury is generally self-limiting and drug withdrawal seems to be an exception. | Roberta Elisa Rossi Ioanna Parisi Edward John Despott Andrew Kenneth Burroughs James O'Beirne Dario Conte Mark Ian Hamilton Charles Daniel Murray | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，46： | 7 |
| 11 | Defining response to radiotherapy in rectal cancer using magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological scales显示文摘AIM To define good and poor regression using pathology and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) regression scales after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer.METHODS A systematic review was performed on all studies up to December 2015, without language restriction, t h a t w e r e i d e n t i f i e d f r o m M E D L I N E, C o c h r a n e Controlled Trials Register(1960-2015), and EMBASE(1991-2015). Searches were performed of article bibliographies and conference abstracts. MeS H and text words used included 'tumour regression', 'mr TRG', 'poor response' and 'colorectal cancers'. Clinical studies using either MRI or histopathological tumour regression grade(TRG) scales to define good and poor responders were included in relation to outcomes [local recurrence(LR), distant recurrence(DR), disease-free survival(DFS), and overall survival(OS)]. There was no age restriction or stage of cancer restriction for patient inclusion. Data were extracted by two authors working independently and using pre-defined outcome measures.RESULTS Quantitative data(prevalence) were extracted and analysed according to meta-analytical techniques using comprehensive meta-analysis. Qualitative data(LR, DR, DFS and OS) were presented as ranges. The overall proportion of poor responders after neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy(CRT) was 37.7%(95%CI: 30.1-45.8). There were 19 different reported histopathological scales and one MRI regression scale(mrT RG). Clinical studies used nine and six histopathological scales for poor and good responders, respectively. All studies using MRI to define good and poor response used one scale. The most common histopathological definition for good response was the Mandard grades 1 and 2 or Dworak grades 3 and 4; Mandard 3, 4 and 5 and Dworak 0, 1 and 2 were used for poor response. For histopathological grades, the 5-year outcomes for poor responders were LR 3.4%-4.3%, DR 14.3%-20.3%, DFS 61.7%-68.1% and OS 60.7-69.1. Good pathological response 5-year outcomes were LR 0%-1.8%, DR 0%-11.6%, DFS 78.4%-86.7%, and OS 77.4%-88.2%. A poor response on MRI(mr TRG 4,5) resulted in 5-year LR 4%-29%, DR 9%, DFS 31%-59% and OS 27%-68%. The 5-year outcomes with a good response on MRI(mrT RG 1,2 and 3) were LR 1%-14%, DR 3%, DFS 64%-83% and OS 72%-90%.CONCLUSION For histopathology regression assessment, Mandard 1, 2/Dworak 3, 4 should be used for good response and Mandard 3, 4, 5/Dworak 0, 1, 2 for poor response. MRI indicates good and poor response by mr TRG1-3 and mrT RG4-5, respectively. | Muhammed RS Siddiqui Jemma Bhoday Nicholas J Battersby Manish Chand Nicholas P West Al-Mutaz Abulafi Paris P Tekkis Gina Brown | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，37： | 6 |
| 12 | Pancreatic cancer: Are 'liquid biopsies' ready for prime-time?显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is a disease that carries a poor prognosis. Accurate tissue diagnosis is required. Tumours contain a high content of stromal tissue and therefore biopsies may be inconclusive. Circulating tumour cells(CTCs) have been investigated as a potential 'liquid biopsy' in several malignancies and have proven to be of prognostic value in breast, prostate and colorectal cancers. They have been detected in patients with localised and metastatic pancreatic cancer with sensitivities ranging from 38%-100% using a variety of platforms. Circulating tumour DNA(ct DNA) has also been detected in pancreas cancer with a sensitivity ranging from 26%-100% in studies across different platforms and using different genetic markers. However, there is no clear consensus on which platform is the most effective for detection, nor which genetic markers are the most useful to use. Potential roles of liquid biopsies include diagnosis, screening, guiding therapies and prognosis. The presence of CTCs or ct DNA has been shown to be of prognostic value both at diagnosis and after treatment in patients with pancreatic cancer. However, more prospective studies are required before this promising technology is ready for adoption into routine clinical practice. | Alexandra R Lewis Juan W Valle Mairead G Mc Namara | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，32： | 5 |
| 13 | Retroperitoneal perivascular epithelioid cell tumours: A case report and review of literature显示文摘BACKGROUND The perivascular epithelioid cell tumour(PEComa)family of tumours mainly includes renal and hepatic angiomyolipomas,pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and clear cell“sugar”tumour of the lung.Several uncommon tumours with similar morphological and immunophenotypical characteristics arising at a variety of sites(abdominal cavity,digestive tract,retroperitoneum,skin,soft tissue and bones)are also included in the PEComa family and are referred to as PEComas not otherwise specified.CASE SUMMARY We present a 37-year-old female patient who underwent resection of an 8.5 cm×8 cm×4 cm retroperitoneal tumour,which eventually was diagnosed as PEComa of uncertain biological behaviour.Three years after the operation,the patient remains without any evidence of recurrence.A search was performed in the Medline and EMBASE databases for articles published between 1996 and 2018,and we identified 31 articles related to retroperitoneal and perinephric PEComas.We focused on sex,age,maximum dimension,histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the tumour,follow-up and long-term outcome.Thirty-four retroperitoneal(including the present one)and ten perinephric PEComas were identified,carrying a malignant potential rate of 44%and 60%,respectively.Nearly half of the potentially malignant PEComas presented with or developed metastases during the course of the disease.CONCLUSION Retroperitoneal PEComas are not as indolent as they are supposed to be.Radical surgical resection constitutes the treatment of choice for localized disease,while mammalian target of the rapamycin(mTOR)inhibitors constitute the most promising therapy for disseminated disease.The role of mTOR inhibitors as adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapies needs to be evaluated in the future. | Zisis Touloumis Niki Giannakou Christos Sioros Argiro Trigka Maria Cheilakea Nikoletta Dimitriou John Griniatsos | 2019 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2019，7，21： | 4 |
| 14 | Radiotherapy targeting cancer stem cells “awakens” them to induce tumour relapse and metastasis in oral cancer显示文摘Radiotherapy is one of the most common treatments for oral cancer. However, in the clinic, recurrence and metastasis of oral cancer occur after radiotherapy, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Cancer stem cells(CSCs), considered the 'seeds'of cancer, have been confirmed to be in a quiescent state in most established tumours, with their innate radioresistance helping them survive more easily when exposed to radiation than differentiated cancer cells. There is increasing evidence that CSCs play an important role in recurrence and metastasis post-radiotherapy in many cancers. However, little is known about how oral CSCs cause tumour recurrence and metastasis post-radiotherapy. In this review article, we will first summarise methods for the identification of oral CSCs and then focus on the characteristics of a CSC subpopulation induced by radiation, hereafter referred to as 'awakened'CSCs, to highlight their response to radiotherapy and potential role in tumour recurrence and metastasis post-radiotherapy as well as potential therapeutics targeting CSCs. In addition, we explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting these 'awakened' CSCs to solve the serious clinical challenges of recurrence and metastasis in oral cancer after radiotherapy. | Yangfan Liu Miao Yang Jingjing Luo Hongmei Zhou | 2020 | International Journal of Oral Science2020，12，2： | 4 |
| 15 | Immunological battlefield in gastric cancer and role of immunotherapies显示文摘Like the wars predating the First World War where human foot soldiers were deemed tools in the battlefield against an enemy, so too are the host immune cells of a patient battling a malignant gastric cancer. Indeed, the tumour microenvironment resembles a battlefield, where the patient's immune cells are the defence against invading tumour cells. However, the relationship between different immune components of the host response to cancer is more complex than an 'us against them' model. Components of the immune system inadvertently work against the interests of the host and become pro-tumourigenic while other components soldier on against the common enemy – the tumour cell. | Minyu Wang Rita A Busuttil Sharon Pattison Paul J Neeson Alex Boussioutas | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，28： | 4 |
| 16 | Pseudomyxoma peritonei显示文摘Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an uncommon 'bor-derline malignancy' generally arising from a perforated appendiceal epithelial tumour. Optimal treatment involves a combination of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Controversy persists regarding the pathological classification and its prognostic value. Computed tomography scanning is the optimal preoperative staging technique. Tumour marker elevations correlate with worse prognosis and increased recurrence rates. Following CRS with HIPEC, 5-year survival ranges from 62.5% to 100% for low grade, and 0%-65% for high grade disease. Treat-ment related morbidity and mortality ranges from 12 to 67.6%, and 0 to 9%, respectively. Surgery and HIPEC are the optimal treatment for PMP which is at best a 'borderline' peritoneal malignancy. | Katharine E Bevan Faheez Mohamed Brendan J Moran | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2010，2，1： | 4 |
| 17 | Message in a bottle from the tumor microenvironment:tumor-educated DCs instruct B cells to participate in immunosuppression显示文摘Once tumour cells have overcome the molecular mechanisms that prevent their uncontrolled proliferation,the only enemy they need to deal with is the immune system,which is able to recognize and destroy transformed cells.Paradoxically,one of the evasion mechanisms put in place by the tumour is made by the suppressive arm of the immune system itself. | Francesca Mion Silvia Tonon Viviana Valeri Carlo E Pucillo | 2017 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2017，14，9： | 4 |
| 18 | Dedifferentiated orbital liposarcoma: a case report显示文摘AIM: To report the abnormal type of the orbital liposarcoma-dedifferentiated subtype in a patient. METHODS: A case report. RESULTS: A 23 years old Chinese woman with a recurrence of right-sided proptosis was evaluated. Ocular examination revealed proptosis of the right eye with chemosis, hyperemia and limitation of eye movements. Magnetic resonance imaging scanning showed an irregular shaped tumor in the right orbit. The tumor resection was done with a clinical diagnosis of malignant tumor. Histopathological findings revealed the diagnosis of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. CONCLUSION: The rare occurrence of this tumour should be kept in mind while dealing with orbital tumours. | Jing-Xue Zhang Jian-Min Ma and Ning-Li Wang | 2011 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2011，4，4： | 3 |
| 19 | Impact of cirrhosis on surgical outcome after pancreaticoduodenectomy显示文摘AIM:To elucidate surgical outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)in patients with liver cirrhosis.METHODS:We studied retrospectively all patients who underwent PD in our centre between January 2002and December 2011.Group A comprised patients with cirrhotic livers,and Group B comprised patients with non-cirrhotic livers.The cirrhotic patients had ChildPugh classes A and B(patient’s score less than 8).Preoperative demographic data,intra-operative data and postoperative details were collected.The primary outcome measure was hospital mortality rate.Secondary outcomes analysed included duration of the operation,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative morbidity and survival rate.RESULTS:Only 67/442 patients(15.2%)had cirrhotic livers.Intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion were significantly higher in group A(P=0.0001).The mean surgical time in group A was significantly longer than that in group B(P=0.0001).Wound complications(P=0.02),internal haemorrhage(P=0.05),pancreatic fistula(P=0.02)and hospital mortality(P=0.0001)were significantly higher in the cirrhotic patients.Postoperative stay was significantly longer in group A(P=0.03).The median survival was 19 mo in group A and 24 mo in group B.Portal hypertension(PHT)was present in 16/67 cases of cirrhosis(23.9%).The intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion were significantly higher in patients with PHT(P=0.001).Postoperative morbidity(0.07)and hospital mortality(P=0.007)were higher in cirrhotic patients with PHT.CONCLUSION:Patients with periampullary tumours and well-compensated chronic liver disease should be routinely considered for PD at high volume centres with available expertise to manage liver cirrhosis.PD is associated with an increased risk of postoperative morbidity in patients with liver cirrhosis;therefore,it is only recommended in patients with Child A cirrhosis without portal hypertension. | Ayman El Nakeeb Ahmad M Sultan Tarek Salah Mohamed El Hemaly Emad Hamdy Ali Salem Ahmed Moneer Rami Said Ahmed AbuEleneen Mostafa Abu Zeid Talaat Abdallah Mohamed Abdel Wahab | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，41： | 3 |
| 20 | Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation ofpancreatic neuroendocrine tumours:A case study andliterature review显示文摘Here we offer a review of the literature regarding endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours and describe the case of a cystic tumour completely ablated after a multisession procedure. A total of 35 PubM ed indexed cases of treated functioning and non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours resulted from our search, 29 of which are well-documented and summarised. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation appears as a local, minimally invasive treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, suitable for selected patients. This technique appears feasible, relatively safe and efficient, especially when applied to symptom relief in functioning tumours, aiming at loss of endocrine secretion. For non-functioning tumours, where the goal is complete tissue ablation, eus guided ethanol ablation can provide good results for patients who are unfit for surgery or for those who refuse surgical resection. Its role in 'fit for surgery' patients requires assessment through further studies. | Elia Armellini Stefano F Crinò Marco Ballarè Socrate Pallio Pietro Occhipinti | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，3： | 3 |
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