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| 1 | The first offshore natural gas hydrate production test in South China Sea显示文摘Natural gas hydrates (NGH)is one of key future clean energy resources.Its industrialized development will help remit the huge demand of global natural gas,relieve the increasing pressure of the environment, and play a vital role in the green sustainable growth of human societies.Based on nearly two decades' studying on the reservoir characteristics in the South China Sea (SCS)and the knowledge of reservoir system,the China Geological Survey (CGS)conducted the first production test on an optimal target selected in Shenhu area SCS in 2017.Guided by the 'three-phase control'exploitation theory which focused on formation stabilization,technologies such as formation fluid extraction,well drilling and completing, reservoir stimulating,sand controlling,environmental monitoring,monitoring and preventing of secondary formation of hydrates were applied.The test lasted for 60 days from May 10^th when starting to pump, drop pressure and ignite to well killing on July 9^th,with gas production of 3.09×10^5 m^3 in total,which is a world record with the longest continuous duration of gas production and maximal gas yield.This successful test brings a significant breakthrough on safety control of NGH production. | Jin-fa Li Jian-liang Ye Xu-wen Qin Hai-jun Qiu Neng-you Wu Hai-long Lu Wen-wei Xie Jing-an Lu Fei Peng Zhen-qiang Xu Cheng Lu Zeng-gui Kuang Jian-gong Wei Qian-yong Liang Hong-feng Lu Bei-bei Kou | 2018 | China Geology2018，1，1： | 117 |
| 2 | Principle of equipartition of entransy dissipation for heat exchanger design显示文摘In the present work,a principle of equipartition of entransy dissipation(EoED) for heat exchanger design is established,which says that for a heat exchanger design with given heat duty and heat transfer area,the total entransy dissipation rate reaches the minimum when the local entransy dissipation rate is uniformly distributed along the heat exchanger.When the heat transfer coefficient is unfixed,the total entransy dissipation obtained by the EoED principle is less than that obtained by the principle of equipartition of temperature difference(EoTD).Furthermore,the exchanger effectiveness obtained by the EoED principle is larger than that obtained by the EoTD principle.When the heat transfer coefficient is fixed,the EoED principle is equivalent to the EoTD principle.We show that the equipartition of entropy production(EoEP) and EoED principles give rise to difference in entropy generation and entransy dissipation for a heat exchanger optimization design.The discrepancies are caused by distinct features of entropy production minimization and entransy dissipation minimization principles,the former is to optimize the design of heat exchanger by making the lost available work minimum,while the latter is not involved with heat-work conversion.It is found that the entropy generation number is not suitable for evaluating heat exchanger performance,since it directly depends on the inlet and outlet temperatures of working fluids.On the contrary,the entransy dissipation number is not directly related to the inlet and outlet temperatures of working fluids.Therefore,the entransy dissipation number is more suitable for serving as a criterion to evaluate heat exchanger performance. | GUO JiangFeng,XU MingTian & CHENG Lin Institute of Thermal Science and Technology,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，5： | 46 |
| 3 | New Trends in Olefin Production显示文摘Most olefins (e.g., ethylene and propylene) will continue to be produced through steam cracking (SC) ofhydrocarbons in the coming decade. In an uncertain commodity market, the chemical industry is investingvery little in alternative technologies and feedstocks because of their current lack of economic viability,despite decreasing crude oil reserves and the recognition of global warming. In this perspective, some of themost promising alternatives are compared with the conventional SC process, and the major bottlenecks ofeach of the competing processes are highlighted. These technologies emerge especially from the abundanceof cheap propane, ethane, and methane from shale gas and stranded gas. From an economic point of view,methane is an interesting starting material, if chemicals can be produced from it. The huge availability ofcrude oil and the expected substantial decline in the demand for fuels imply that the future for proventechnologies such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FFS) or methanol to gasoline is not bright. The abundance ofcheap ethane and the large availability of crude oil, on the other hand, have caused the SC industry to shiftto these two extremes, making room for the on-purpose production of light olefins, such as by the catalyticdehydrogenation of orooane. | Ismael Amghizar Laurien A. Vandewalle Kevin M. Van Geem Guy B. Matin | 2017 | Engineering2017，3，2： | 33 |
| 4 | Maize-soybean strip intercropping: Achieved a balance between high productivity and sustainability显示文摘Intercropping is one of the most vital practice to improve land utilization rate in China that has limited arable land resource. However, the traditional intercropping systems have many disadvantages including illogical field lay-out of crops, low economic value, and labor deficiency, which cannot balance the crop production and agricultural sustainability. In view of this, we developed a novel soybean strip intercropping model using maize as the partner, the regular maize-soybean strip intercropping mainly popularized in northern China and maize-soybean relay-strip intercropping principally extended in southwestern China. Compared to the traditional maize-soybean intercropping systems, the main innovation of field lay-out style in our present intercropping systems is that the distance of two adjacent maize rows are shrunk as a narrow strip, and a strip called wide strip between two adjacent narrow strips is expanded reserving for the growth of two or three rows of soybean plants. The distance between outer rows of maize and soybean strips are expanded enough for light use efficiency improvement and tractors working in the soybean strips. Importantly, optimal cultivar screening and increase of plant density achieved a high yield of both the two crops in the intercropping systems and increased land equivalent ratio as high as 2.2. Annually alternative rotation of the adjacent maize-and soybean-strips increased the grain yield of next seasonal maize, improved the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potasium of maize, while prevented the continuous cropping obstacles. Extra soybean production was obtained without affecting maize yield in our strip intercropping systems, which balanced the high crop production and agricultural sustainability. | DU Jun-bo HAN Tian-fu GAI Jun-yi YONG Tai-wen SUN Xin WANG Xiao-chun YANG Feng LIU Jiang SHU Kai LIU Wei-guo YANG Wen-yu | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，4： | 34 |
| 5 | Green chemistry of chromate cleaner production显示文摘Research topics and methods of green chemistry in chromate production are introduced in this paper . New original green chemical process of the heterogeneous reaction and separation system of liquid phase oxidation of chromite in molten salt of sodium hydroxide-one way separation in high concentration medium-metastable phase separation-carbonate recycle conversion has been developed. The green commercial process for comprehensive utilization of mineral resources-reactant recycle inside the process-zero emission was established . | 张懿 李佐虎 齐涛 王志宽 郑诗礼 | 1999 | Chinese Journal of Chemistry1999，17，3： | 27 |
| 6 | Use of venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide tension difference to guide resuscitation therapy in septic shock显示文摘The mixed venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide(CO_2)tension difference[P(v-a) CO_2]is the difference between carbon dioxide tension(PCO_2) in mixed venous blood(sampled from a pulmonary artery catheter) and the PCO_2 in arterial blood.P(v-a) CO_2 depends on the cardiac output and the global CO_2 production,and on the complex relationship between PCO_2 and CO_2 content.Experimental and clinical studies support the evidence that P(v-a) CO_2 cannot serve as an indicator of tissue hypoxia,and should be regarded as an indicator of the adequacy of venous blood to wash out the total CO_2generated by the peripheral tissues.P(v-a) CO_2 can be replaced by the central venous-to-arterial CO_2 difference(△PCO_2),which is calculated from simultaneous sampling of central venous blood from a central vein catheter and arterial blood and,therefore,more easy to obtain at the bedside.Determining the △PCO_2 during the resuscitation of septic shock patients might be useful when deciding when to continue resuscitation despite a central venous oxygen saturation(SCVO_2) > 70%associated with elevated blood lactate levels.Because high blood lactate levels is not a discriminatory factor in determining the source of that stress,an increased △PCO_2(> 6 mmHg)could be used to identify patients who still remain inadequately resuscitated.Monitoring the △PCO_2 from the beginning of the reanimation of septic shock patients might be a valuable means to evaluate the adequacy of cardiac output in tissue perfusion and,thus,guiding the therapy.In this respect,it can aid to titrate inotropes to adjust oxygen delivery to CO_2 production,or to choose between hemoglobin correction or fluid/inotrope infusion in patients with a too low ScvO_2 related to metabolic demand.The combination of P(v-a) CO_2 or △PCO_2 with oxygen-derived parameters through the calculation of the P(v-a) CO_2 or △PCO_2/arteriovenous oxygen content difference ratio can detect the presence of global anaerobic metabolism. | Jihad Mallat Malcolm Lemyze Laurent Tronchon Beno?t Vallet Didier Thevenin | 2016 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2016，5，1： | 25 |
| 7 | The transformation of agriculture in China: Looking back and looking forward显示文摘China's grain yield increased from 1 t ha^(–1) in 1961 to 6 t ha^(–1) in 2015, while successfully feeding not only its large population but also supplying agricultural products all over the world. These achievements were greatly supported by modern technology and distinct governmental policy. However, China's grain production has been causing a number of problems mainly related to declining natural resources and a lack of environmental protection. Due to the growing population and changing dietary requirements, increasing food production must be achieved by increasing resource use efficiency while minimizing environmental costs. We propose two novel development pathways that can potentially sustain agricultural crop production in the next few decades:(i) enhancing nutrient use efficiency with zero increase in chemical fertilizer input until 2020 and(ii) concurrently increasing grain yield and nutrient use efficiency for sustainable intensification with integrated nutrient management after 2020. This paper provides a perspective on further agricultural developments and challenges, and useful knowledge of our valuable experiences for other developing countries. | JIAO Xiao-qiang Nyamdavaa Mongol ZHANG Fu-suo | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，4： | 19 |
| 8 | Preliminary results of environmental monitoring of the natural gas hydrate production test in the South China Sea显示文摘Natural gas hydrate (NGH)is considered as one of the new clean energy sources of the 21st century with the highest potential.The environmental issues of NGH production have attracted the close attention of scientists in various countries.From May 10 to July 9,2017,the first offshore NGH production test in the South China Sea (SCS)was conducted by the China Geological Survey.In addition,environmental security has also been effectively guaranteed via a comprehensive environmental monitoring system built during the NGH production test.The monitoring system considered sea-surface atmosphere methane and carbon dioxide concentrations,dissolved methane in the sea water column,and the seafloor physical oceanography and marine chemistry environment.The whole process was monitored via multiple means, in multiple layers,in all domains,and in real time.After the production test,an environmental investigation was promptly conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of the NGH production test. The monitoring results showed that the dissolved methane concentration in seawater and the near-seabed environment characteristics after the test were consistent with the background values,indicating that the NGH production test did not cause environmental problems such as methane leakage. | Jian-liang Ye Xu-wen Qin Hai-jun Qiu Qian-yong Liang Yi-fei Dong Jian-gong Wei Hai-long Lu Jing-an Lu Yao-hong Shi Chao Zhong Zhen Xia | 2018 | China Geology2018，1，2： | 19 |
| 9 | Estimations of primary production and export production in the South China Sea based on sediment trap experiments显示文摘The results of time series sediment trap experiments in the South China Sea show that particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes are influenced by the monsoons. The increase of productivity in the northern South China Sea is mainly due to northeast monsoon while in the central South China Sea the influence of southwest monsoon becomes more prominent. The annual primary production and export production calculated based on POC fluxes are 53 0-63 4 and 10 32-12 93 gC·m -2·a -1, respectively. The enhancement of POC flux during monsoon period suggest that higher palaeoproductivity or organic carbon accumulation rate in glacial age in the South China Sea might be the result of strengthening of the monsoons. | Jianfang Chen Lianfu Zheng M. G. Wiesner Ronghua Chen Yulong Zheng H. K. Wong | 1998 | Chinese Science Bulletin1998，43，7： | 18 |
| 10 | Some Performance Measures of Transfer Line Consisting of Two Unreliable Machines with Reprocess Rule | LI Wei CAO Jinhua Institute of Applied Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100080 | 1998 | Systems Science and Systems Engineering1998，8，3： | 18 |
| 11 | Characterization and normalization factors of abiotic resource depletion for life cycle impact assessment in China显示文摘The availability of resources for economic activities differs between regions, and the importance of the resources is consequently observed to be different within regions compared to a global scale. With the current situation in Chinese mining industry and its statistic characteristics, the characterization procedures of abiotic resource in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) have demonstrated certain limita-tions in the Chinese materials industry. The aim of this paper is to propose new characterization and normalization factors for abiotic resource depletion categories such as metals and non-renewable en- ergy resources in a Chinese context. The actual production of abiotic resources calculated by a modi- fied model is compared to the reserve base in line with the new national standard to determine char- acterization factors in equivalence units, with antimony as the reference mineral. The normalization factors are based on the total base reserves of the most important minerals in China. A case study on primary magnesium production using the Pidgeon process is used to compare LCIA results for abiotic resource categories that are between current LCIA factors and the new Chinese factors. These factors not only reflect the importance of abiotic resource with respect to region-specific resource depletion, but also can compare with the global factors. | GAO Feng NIE ZuoRen WANG ZhiHong GONG XianZheng ZUO TieYong | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，1： | 17 |
| 12 | Effect of manganese oxide-modified biochar addition on methane production and heavy metal speciation during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge显示文摘Low organic matter content and high heavy metal levels severely inhibit the anaerobic digestion(AD) of sewage sludge. In this study, the effect of added manganese oxidemodified biochar composite(MBC) on methane production and heavy metal fractionation during sewage sludge AD was examined. The MBC could increase the buffering capacity,enhance the methane production and degradation of intermediate acids, buffer the pH of the culture, and stabilize the sewage sludge AD process. The application of MBC positively impacted methane production and the cumulative methane yield increased up to 121.97%,as compared with the control. The MBC addition can improve metal stabilization in the digestate. An optimum MBC dose of 2.36 g was recommended, which would produce up to 121.1 L/kg volatile solids of methane. After the AD process, even though most of the metals accumulated in the residual solids, they could be transformation from the bio-available fractions to a more stable fraction. The total organic-and sulfide-bound and residual fraction content at a 3 g dose of MBC that is 0.12 g/g dry matter were 51.06% and 35.11% higher than the control, respectively. The results indicated that the application of MBC could improve the performance of AD and promote stabilization of heavy metals in sewage sludge post the AD process. | Jianhua Li Min Zhang Zhiyin Ye Changming Yang | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，2： | 17 |
| 13 | The minimum heat consumption for heat-driven binary separation processes with linear phenomenological heat transfer law显示文摘The optimal performance of heat-driven binary separation processes with linear phenomenological heat transfer law(q∝△(T-1)) is analyzed by taking the processes as heat engines which work between high-and low-temperature reservoirs and produce enthalpy and energy flows out of the system,and the temperatures of the heat reservoirs are assumed to be time-and space-variables.A numerical method is employed to solve convex optimization problem and Lagrangian function is employed to solve the average optimal control problem.The dimensionless entropy production rate coefficient and dimensionless enthalpy flow rate coefficient are adopted to indicate the major influence factors on the performance of the separation process,such as the properties of different materials and various separation requirements for the separation process.The dimensionless minimum average entropy production rate and dimensionless minimum average heat consumption of the heat-driven binary separation processes are obtained.The obtained results are compared with those obtained with the Newtonian heat transfer law(q∝△(T)). | SHU LiWei CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2009 | Science China Chemistry2009，52，8： | 17 |
| 14 | Biological productivity and carbon cycling in the Arctic Ocean显示文摘Primary production, bacterial production, par-ticulate organic carbon fluxes and organic carbon burial rates were quantified during the summer period of 1999 in the Arctic Ocean via 14C uptake, 3H uptake, 234Th/238U disequilibrium and 210Pbex dating, respectively. The integrated primary production in the water column was as high as 197 mmolC/(m2·d) in the Chukchi shelf and was 3.8 mmolC/(m2·d) in the Canada Basin. These rates are higher than those reported previously. The ratios of bacterial production to primary production in the study region were higher than 0.5, indicating that microbial activity is not depressed but important in cold Arctic waters. 234Th/238U dis-equilibria were evident at the station in the Canada Basin. The presence of significant 234Th deficiency suggested that scavenging and removal processes are also important to bio-geochemical cycles of trace elements in the Arctic Ocean. Particulate organic carbon export flux was estimated to be 1.0 mmolC/(m2·d). Measurements of sediment | CHEN Min HUANG Yipu GUO Laodong CAI Pinghe YANG Weifeng LIU Guangshan QIU Yusheng | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，12： | 17 |
| 15 | Farm size and fertilizer sustainable use: An empirical study in Jiangsu, China显示文摘Inefficient use of fertilizer has caused serious environmental problems and unsustainable development of agriculture in China.To meet the increasing food demand in the future without damaging the ecological environment,Chinese government officially launched the Action Plan for the Zero Growth of Fertilizer Use in 2015.At the same time,China released a series of policies aiming explicitly at expanding farm size and a great number of large scale farmers emerged recently.However,whether the expansion of farm size will be beneficial for the increase of fertilizer use efficiency still remains to be investigated.In this study,we comprehensively explored the relationship between fertilizer use efficiency and farm size.Based on the 4281 farm households’survey data collected by the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)of China from 2004 to 2016 in Jiangsu Province,China,this paper applies a stochastic frontier production function to estimate fertilizer use efficiency across farm size and uses a regression model to analyze the influence of farm size on fertilizer use efficiency.The results show that:(1)the average fertilizer use efficiency of whole samples was only 0.60,much lower than the average technical efficiency,indicating that on average half of the fertilizer utilized are excessive in China;and(2)the smallest farm size group get the highest fertilizer use efficiency score.We also provide some possible explanations for the inverse relationship between farm size and fertilizer use efficiency. | HU Ling-xiao ZHANG Xiao-heng ZHOU Ying-heng | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，12： | 17 |
| 16 | Data envelopment analysis显示文摘This review introduces the history and present status of data envelopment analysis (DEA) research, particularly the evaluation process. And extensions of some DEA models are also described. It is pointed out thatmathematics, economics and management science are themain forces in the DEA development, optimization provides the fundamental method for the DEA research, and the wide range of applications enforces the rapid development ofDEA. | WEI Quanling Institute of Operations Research and Mathematical Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，16： | 16 |
| 17 | Mnk kinase pathway: Cellular functions and biological outcomes显示文摘The mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) interacting protein kinases 1 and 2(Mnk1 and Mnk2) play important roles in controlling signals involved in mRNA translation. In addition to the MAPKs(p38 or Erk), multiple studies suggest that the Mnk kinases can be regulated by other known kinases such as Pak2 and/or other unidentified kinases by phosphorylation of residues distinct from the sites phosphorylated by the MAPKs. Several studies have established multiple Mnk protein targets, including PSF, heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, Sprouty 2 and have lead to the identification of distinct biological functions and substrate specificity for the Mnk kinases. In this review we discuss the pathways regulating the Mnk kinases, their known substrates as well as the functional consequences of engagement of pathways controlled by Mnk kinases. These kinases play an important role in mRNA translation via their regulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E(eIF4E) and their functions have important implications in tumor biology as well as the regulation of drug resistance to anti-oncogenic therapies. Other studies have identified a role for the Mnk kinases in cap-independent mRNA translation, suggesting that the Mnk kinases can exert important functional effects independently of the phosphorylation of eIF4 E. The role of Mnk kinases in inflammation and inflammationinduced malignancies is also discussed. | Sonali Joshi Leonidas C Platanias | 2014 | World Journal of Biological Chemistry2014，5，3： | 16 |
| 18 | Biotechnology Applications of Plant Callus Cultures显示文摘In ethnopharmacology, and especially in traditional Chinese medicine, medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years. Similarly, agricultural plants have been used throughout the history of mankind. The recent development of the genetic engineering of plants to produce plants with desirable features adds a new and growing dimension to humanity’s usage of plants. The biotechnology of plants has come of age and a plethora of bioengineering applications in this context have been delineated during the past few decades. Callus cultures and suspension cell cultures offer a wide range of usages in pharmacology and pharmacy (including Chinese medicine), as well as in agriculture and horticulture. This review provides a timely overview of the advancements that have been made with callus cultures in these scientific fields. Genetically modified callus cultures by gene technological techniques can be used for the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites and for the generation of plants with improved resistance against salt, draft, diseases, and pests. Although the full potential of callus plant culture technology has not yet been exploited, the time has come to develop and market more callus culture-based products. | Thomas Efferth | 2019 | Engineering2019，5，1： | 16 |
| 19 | Hydrogen and syngas production from two-step steam reforming of methane over CeO_2-Fe_2O_3 oxygen carrier显示文摘Two-step steam reforming of methane (SRM) is a novel chemical looping process towards the production of pure hydrogen and syngas (synthesis gas), consisting of a syngas production step and a water-splitting step. Renewable energy can be used to drive this process for hydrogen production, especially solar energy. CeO2-Fe2O3 complex oxide oxygen carrier was prepared by the impregnation method and characterized by means of X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (Raman) and hydrogen programmed reduction (H2-TPR). CH4 temperature programmed and isothermal reactions were adopted to test syngas production reactivity, and water splitting reaction was employed to investigate water-splitting activity. Moreover, two-step SRM performance was evaluated by a successive redox cycle. The results showed that CO-uncontaminated H2 and highly selective syngas (with H2/CO ratio close to 2) could be respectively obtained from two steps, and CeFeO3 formation was found in the first redox cycle and proved to be enhanced by the redox treatment. After 10 successive cycles, obvious CeFeO3 phase was detected, which may be responsible for favorable successive redox cycle performances. | 祝星 王华 魏永刚 李孔斋 程显名 | 2010 | Journal of Rare Earths2010，28，6： | 15 |
| 20 | ZmMs30 Encoding a Novel GDSL Lipase Is Essential for Male Fertility and Valuable for Hybrid Breeding in Maize显示文摘Genic male sterility (GMS) is very useful for hybrid vigor utilization and hybrid seed production. Although a large number of GMS genes have been identified in plants, little is known about the roles of GDSL lipase members in anther and pollen development. Here, we report a maize GMS gene, ZmMs30, which encodes a novel type of GDSL lipase with diverged catalytic residues. Enzyme kinetics and activity assays show that ZmMs30 has lipase activity and prefers to substrates with a short carbon chain. ZmMs30 is specifically expressed in maize anthers during stages 7-9. Loss of ZmMs30 function resulted in defective anther cuticle, irregular foot layer of pollen exine, and complete male sterility. Cytological and lipidomics analyses demonstrate that ZmMs30 is crucial for the aliphatic metabolic pathway required for pollen exine formation and anther cuticle development. Furthermore, we found that male sterility caused by loss of ZmMs30 function was stable in various inbred lines with different genetic background, and that it didn't show any negative effect on maize heterosis and production, suggesting that ZmMs30 is valuable for crossbreeding and hybrid seed production. We then developed a new multi-control sterility system using ZmMs30 and its mutant line, and demonstrated it is feasible for generating desirable GMS lines and valu. able for hybrid maize seed production. Taken together, our study sheds new light on the mechanisms of anther and pollen development, and provides a valuable male-sterility system for hybrid breeding maize. | Xueli An Zhenying Dong Youhui Tian Ke Xie Suowei Wu Taotao Zhu Danfeng Zhang Van Zhou Canfang Niu Biao Ma Quancan Hou Jianxi Bao Simiao Zhang Ziwen Li Yanbo Wang Tingwei Yan Xiaojing Sun Yuwen Zhang Jinping Li Xiangyuan Wan | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，3： | 15 |
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