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1Isotopic evidence of TSR origin for natural gas bearing high H_2S contents within the Feixianguan Formation of the northeastern Sichuan Basin, southwestern China显示文摘The northeastern area of Sichuan Basin, southwestern China, is the area with the maximal reserve of natural gas containing higher hydrogen sulphide (H2S) that has been found among the petroliferous basins of China, with the proven and controlled gas reserve of more than 200 billion cubic meters. These gas pools, with higher H2S contents averaging 9%, some 17%, are mainly distributed on structural belts of Dukouhe, Tieshanpo, Luojiazhai, Puguang, etc., while the oolitic-shoal dolomite of the Triassic Feixianguan Fm. (T1f) is the reservoir. Although many scholars regard the plentiful accumulation of H2S within the deep carbonate reservoir as the re-sult of Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction (TSR), however, the process of TSR as well as its residual geological and geochemical evidence is still not quite clear. Based on the carbon iso-topic analysis of carbonate strata and secondary calcite, etc., together with the analysis of sulfur isotopes within H2S, sulphur, gypsum, iron pyrites, etc., as well as other aspects including the natural gas composition, carbon isotopes of hydrocarbons reservoir petrology, etc., it has been proved that the above natural gas is a product of TSR. The H2S, sulphur and calcite result from the participation of TSR reactions by hydrocarbon gas. During the process for hydrocarbons be-ing consumed due to TSR, the carbons within the hydrocarbon gas participate in the reactions and finally are transferred into the secondary calcite, and become the carbon source of secon-dary calcite, consequently causing the carbon isotopes of the secondary calcite to be lower (?18.2‰). As for both the intermediate product of TSR, i.e. sulfur, and its final products, i.e. H2S and iron pyrites, their sulfur elements are all sourced from the sulfate within the Feixianguan Fm. During the fractional processes of sulfur isotopes, the bond energy leads to the 32S being re-leased firstly, and the earlier it is released, the lower δ 34S values for the generated sulphide (H2S) or sulfur will be. However, for the anhydrite that participates in reactions, the higher the reaction degree, the more 32S is released, while the less 32S remains and the more δ 34S is increased. The testing results have proved the process of the dynamic fractionation of sulfur isotopes.ZHU Guangyou ZHANG Shuichang LIANG Yingbo DAI Jinxing LI Jian 2005Science China Earth Sciences2005,48,11:58
2Recovery of Iron From High-Iron Red Mud by Reduction Roasting With Adding Sodium Salt显示文摘Red mud is the waste generated during aluminum production from bauxite, containing lots of iron and other valuable metals. In order to recover iron from red mud, the technology of adding sodium carbonate-reduction roasting-magnetic separation to treat high-iron red mud was developed. The effects of sodium carbonate dosage, reduction temperature and reduction time on the qualities of final product and the phase transformations in reduction process were discussed in detail. The results showed that the final product (mass percent), assaying Fe of 90.87% and Al2O3 of 0.95% and metallization degree of 94.28% was obtained at an overall iron recovery of 95.76% under the following conditions of adding 8% sodium carbonate, reduction roasting at 1 050 ℃ for 80 min and finally magnetic separation of the reduced pellets by grinding up to 90% passing 0.074 mm at magnetic field intensity of 0.08 T. The XRD (X-ray diffraction) results indicated that the iron oxides were transformed into metallic iron. Most of aluminum mineral and silica mineral reacted with sodium carbonate during the reduction roasting and formed nonmagnetic materials.ZHU De-qing, CHUN Tie-jun, PAN Jian, HE Zhen (School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China) 2012Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International)2012,19,8:38
3Leaching ion adsorption rare earth by aluminum sulfate for increasing efficiency and lowering the environmental impact显示文摘The leaching efficiency(LE) of ion adsorption rare earth(IARE) by the sulfate and chloride of ammonium,magnesium and aluminum were comparatively determined using column leaching method. It is found that at equal equivalent concentration of cation, the LE of IARE by aluminum sulfate is the highest, and the zeta potential of clay mineral particles in the tailing is near to zero, which means a lower risk of landslide and pollutant emission. Furthermore, the optimum concentration of aluminum sulfate is determined to be0.02 mol/L, which is much lower than that of ammonium sulfate and magnesium sulfate. To reduce the production cost and environmental impact, we proposed a multi-stage leaching process, which was firstly leaching with ammonium sulfate and then with aluminum sulfate, following by water washing and lime neutralizing. With the ratio of ammonium sulfate to aluminum sulfate varying from 1:0 to 0.5:0.5, the residual ammonium in tailing decreases from 11.2% to 0.6%, however, the LE of RE shows an optimum value at 0.8:0.2. By neutralizing the pH of tailing with lime water to over 6, the ion concentration in water rinsing solution can meet the requirement for water discharge. At the same time, the zeta potential of clay particles is found to be around-5 mV, means a relatively lower risk of landslide. These facts indicate that the LE of IARE can be increased and the danger caused by tailings landslides and pollutant emissions can be reduced by replacing ammonium sulfate with aluminum sulfate as leaching reagent.Lifen Yang Cuicui Li Dashan Wang Fengyang Li Yanzhu Liu Xuezhen Zhou Mingbiao Liu Xiufeng Wang Yongxiu Li 2019Journal of Rare Earths2019,37,4:19
4Bowel cleansing before colonoscopy:Balancing efficacy,safety,cost and patient tolerance显示文摘Effective colorectal cancer screening relies on reliable colonoscopy findings which are themselves dependent on adequate bowel cleansing. Research has consistently demonstrated that inadequate bowel preparation adversely affects the adenoma detection rate and leads gastroenterologists to recommend earlier follow up than is consistent with published guidelines. Poor preparation affects as many as 30% of colonoscopies and contributes to an increased cost of colonoscopies. Patient tolerability is strongly affected by the preparation chosen and manner in which it is administered. Poor tolerability is,in turn,associated with lower quality bowel preparations. Recently,several new developments in both agents being used for bowel preparation and in the timing of administration have brought endoscopists closer to achieving the goal of effective,reliable,safe,and tolerable regimens. Historically,large volume preparations given in a single dose were administered to patients in order to achieve adequate bowel cleansing. These were poorly tolerated,and the unpleasant taste of and significant side effects produced by these large volume regimens contributed significantly to patients' inability to reliably complete the preparation and to a reluctance to repeat the procedure. Smaller volumes,including preparations that are administered as tablets to be consumed with water,given as split doses have significantly improved both the patient experience and efficacy,and an appreciation of the importance of the preparation to colonoscopy interval have produced additional cleansing.Nicole M Harrison Michael C Hjelkrem 2016World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016,8,1:19
5TSR promotes the formation of oil-cracking gases: Evidence from simulation experiments显示文摘TSR is an interaction between sulfate and hydrocarbons, occurring widely in carbonate reservoirs. Because this process can produce a large amount of noxious acidic gases like H2S, it has drawn seri- ous concern recently. This paper reports an experiment that simulated an interaction between different minerals and hydrocarbon fluids under different temperature and time using a confined gold-tube system. The results showed that the main mineral that initiates TSR is MgSO4, and adding a certain amount of NaCl into the reactive system can also promote TSR and yield more H2S. The H2S produced in TSR is an important incentive for the continuous oxidative degradation of crude oils. For instance, the yield of oil-cracking gases affected by TSR was twice of that not affected by TSR while the yield of TSR-affected methane was even higher, up to three times of that unaffected by TSR. The carbon iso- topes of wet gases also became heavier. All of the above illustrated that TSR obviously motivates the oxidative degradation of crude oils, which makes the gaseous hydrocarbon generation sooner and increases the gas dryness as well. The study on this process is important for understanding the TSR mechanism and the mechanism of natural gas generation in marine strata.ZHANG ShuiChang SHUAI YanHua ZHU GuangYou 2008Science China Earth Sciences2008,51,3:18
6葡聚糖硫酸钠结肠炎模型的制作方法、特点和影响因素显示文摘张艳丽 王承党 2006胃肠病学2006,11,1:15
7Isolation and identification of bacteria responsible for simultaneous anaerobic ammonium and sulfate removal显示文摘Sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation is a novel biological reaction,in which ammonium is oxidized with sulfate as the electron acceptor under anoxic conditions.Ammonium and sulfate are cosmopolitan chemical species which are an integral part of the global nitrogen and sulfur cycles.A detailed exploration of sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation is quite practical.In this work,a bacterial strain named ASR has been isolated from an anaerobic ammonia and sulfate removing reactor working under steady-state.On the basis of electron microscopy,physiological tests and 16S rDNA phylogenetic sequence analysis,the strain ASR is found to be related to Bacillus benzoevorans.According to the biological carbon source utilization test,the strain ASR could use many carbon sources.Its optimum pH value and temperature were 8.5 and 30 °C,respectively.The test proves that the strain ASR is able to use sulfate to oxidize ammonia anaerobically.The maximum ammonia and sulfate removal rates were 44.4% and 40.0%,respectively.The present study provided biological evidence for the confirmation and development of sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation and brought new insights into the global nitrogen and sulfur cycles.Cai, Jing Jiang, Jian Xiang Zheng, Ping 2010Science China Chemistry2010,53,3:12
8Roles of Lewis and Brnsted acid sites in NO reduction with ammonia on CeO_2-ZrO_2-NiO-SO_4^(2-) catalyst显示文摘Nickel and sulfate co-modified CeO2-ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR, XPS, NH3 chemisorption and NH3-SCR activity tests. The results showed that the enhanced acidity of CeO2-ZrO2 catalysts by nickel and sulfate co-modification was responsible for the broadened temperature window and improved the selectivity to N2 in NH3-SCR deNOx. The introduction of nickel to CeO2-ZrO2 solid solutions resulted in more Ce3+ on surface of catalyst, leading to an increased Lewis acidity of catalyst. Higher Lewis acidity of catalyst facilitated ammonia activation at low temperature (<300 oC) and thereby improved the NH3-SCR activity. The enhanced high-temperature (>300 oC) activity and selectivity of catalysts arose from the introduction of Brnsted acid sites (less oxidative than Lewis acid sites) by sulfate modification.司知蠢 翁端 吴晓东 江洋 2010Journal of Rare Earths2010,28,5:12
9Characterization and precipitation mechanism of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate growing out of FGD gypsum in salt solution显示文摘Alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-HH) has been prepared from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum with salt solution method under atmospheric pressure. X-ray diffraction (XRD),thermogra-vimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC),optical micrograph,X-ray photoelectron spec-troscopy (XPS),energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS),and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been employed to characterize the α-HH crystals,based on which the formation and growth mecha-nisms of the α-HH crystals have been discussed. The results show that FGD gypsum can be success-fully transformed into high purity α-HH in salt solution under mild conditions,and that a dissolu-tion-recrystallization route is most probably adopted by this transition. The growth of α-HH crystals in salt solution demonstrates a preferred direction along [001] and results in a bundle-of-sheets or bun-dle-of-raphide texture. The characteristics revealed in this study can help to understand and control the growth of the α-HH crystal from solution.YANG LiuChun GUAN BaoHong WU ZhongBiao 2009Science China(Technological Sciences)2009,52,9:11
10Aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid sclerotherapy for Goligher Grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids: Results from a multicenter study显示文摘AIM: To show that aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid(ALTA) sclerotherapy has a high success rate for Grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids.METHODS: This study was based on the clinical data of 604 patients with hemorrhoids who underwent ALTA sclerotherapy between January 2009 and February 2015. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of this treatment for Grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids. Preoperative and postoperative symptoms, complications and success rate were all assessed retrospectively. Follow-up consisted of a simple questionnaire, physical examination and an anoscopy. Patients were followed-up at one day, one week, two weeks, one month, one year, two years, three years, four years and five years after the ALTA sclerotherapy.RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-nine patients were diagnosed with Grade Ⅱ hemorrhoids and 435 patients were diagnosed with Grade Ⅲ hemorrhoids. The one year, three year and five year cumulative success rates of ALTA sclerotherapy for Grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemo-rrhoids were 95.9% and 93.1%; 89.3% and 83.7%; and 89.3% and 78.2%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the cumulative success rates after ALTA sclerotherapy between Grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids(P = 0.09). There were forty-seven post-operative complications(low grade fever; anal pain; urinary retention; rectal ulcer; and others). No serious or life-threatening complications occurred and all cases improved through conservative treatment. At univariate analysis there were no predictive factors of failure.CONCLUSION: ALTA sclerotherapy has had a high success rate for Grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids during five years of post-operative treatment. However, additional studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this ALTA sclerotherapy in the management of hemorrhoidal disease.Hidenori Miyamoto Takenori Hada Gentaro Ishiyama Yoshito Ono Hideo Watanabe 2016World Journal of Hepatology2016,8,20:10
11黏多糖病的诊断及防治策略显示文摘郭奕斌 2009中华临床医师杂志(电子版)2009,3,10:10
12联合检测血清软骨寡聚基质蛋白和硫酸软骨素-846在膝骨关节炎早期诊断中的作用研究显示文摘目的检测初诊无伴发疾病的膝骨关节炎患者血清软骨寡聚基质蛋白(COMP)和硫酸软骨素846(CS-846)水平,及其与疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和关节间隙狭窄程度之间的相关性,探讨血清COMP和CS-846在膝骨关节炎早期诊断中的作用。方法按世界卫生组织(WHO)社区控制风湿病规划(COPCORD)程序在山西省进行骨关节炎流行病学调查,在确诊骨关节炎患者中选取50例膝骨关节炎患者进行生物学标志物监测。采用t检验对2组患者COMP、CS-846含量进行比较;采用相关分析对生物学标志物水平与VAS评分和关节间隙狭窄的相关性进行分析。结果膝骨关节炎组血清COMP[男性(521±73)ng/L,女性(598±95)ng/L]、CS-846含量[男性(423±23)ng/L,女性(476±46)ng/L]明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义;血清COMP水平与关节间隙狭窄程度之间存在相关性(r=0.216,P=0.039);血清CS-846水平与疼痛VAS评分(r=0.334,P=0.027)及关节间隙狭窄程度存在相关性(r=0.415,P<0.001)。结论血清COMP和CS-846与膝骨关节炎患者VAS评分和关节间隙狭窄程度之间具有相关性,联合检测血清COMP和CS-846在膝骨关节炎早期诊断中具有一定的临床价值。张军锋 宋玲花 魏俊妮 董海原 刘桂芬 2014中国药物与临床2014,14,4:10
13塔里木盆地塔中Ⅰ号断裂带西缘奥陶系油气成藏与主控因素研究显示文摘塔中低凸起是塔里木盆地油气资源最丰富的地区之一,而塔中I号断裂带西缘也在多个层系中见到了不同程度的油气显示,并在上奥陶统良里塔格组获得了高产工业油气流,在下奥陶统鹰山组获得了低产油气流。本文通过油源对比、油气水物性对比、包裹体均一温度分析等方法并结合前人的研究成果,探讨了塔中I号断裂带西缘塔中86井区—塔中45井区奥陶系的油气成藏过程,认为该区奥陶系有过三期油气充注,即晚加里东期、晚海西期和燕山期—喜马拉雅期。晚加里东期的油气来自于寒武系—下奥陶统烃源岩,晚海西期的油气来自于中—上奥陶统烃源岩,两期油气均自塔中88井沿碳酸盐岩岩溶储层侧向运移而来;燕山期—喜马拉雅期主要以天然气为主,成因复杂。另外,认为该区油气富集的主控因素主要有3点:多源多期油气充注、优质的碳酸盐岩岩溶储层及各种成藏要素的优质配置。武芳芳 朱光有 张水昌 金强 韩剑发 陈志伟 孟书翠 2010地质论评2010,56,3:10
14Performance of sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation显示文摘The performance of sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation was studied.The results showed that both SO42-and NH4+ were chemically stable under anaerobic conditions.They did not react with each other in the absence of biological catalyst(sludge).The anaerobic digested sludge cultivated in an anaerobic reactor for three years took on the ability of oxidizing ammonium with sulfate anaero-bically.The average reduction of sulfate and ammonium was 71.67 mg.L-1 and 56.82 mg.L-1 at high concentrations.The reaction between SO42-and NH4+ was difficult,though feasible,due to its low standard Gibbs free energy change.The experiment demonstrated that high substrate concentrations and low oxidation-reduction potential(ORP) may be favourable for the biological reaction.ZHANG Lei ZHENG Ping HE YuHui JIN RenCun 2009Science China Chemistry2009,52,1:9
15Model analysis of aerosol optical depth distributions over East Asia显示文摘Based on simulated major aerosol concentrations (e.g., sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic carbon, black carbon, and sea salt) over East Asia during the year 2005 by using the Multi-scale Air Quality modeling system (RAMS-CMAQ), the aerosol optical depth (AOD) was calculated by the reconstruction mass-extinction method and then analyzed to explore its characteristics in temporal-spatial distributions. For evaluating the model performances, simulated AOD values were compared against observations at stations of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network (CSHNET). The comparison shows that the model can well reproduce observed temporal and spatial features of AOD, especially in natural en- vironment. However, the simulated AOD values are underestimated over urban and suburban regions with dense human activities. Analysis of simulation results indicates that AOD varies significantly in time and space, and generally, AOD values are lower in summer and higher in winter. Excluding the contribution from soil dust aerosols, high AOD values (over 0.8) are found over the Sichuan Basin, South China, and Central China in several months, while low values (less than 0.2) are over northern and western areas of East Asia and southern sea regions. Analysis also shows that aerosols such as sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium are main contributors to AOD in East Asia, and their contributions are over 80% in most high AOD areas, while black carbon aerosols play an important role in northern China where dense human activities exist, especially in the winter time.HAN Xiao ZHANG MeiGen HAN ZhiWei XIN JinYuan WANG LiLi QIU JinHuan LIU YanJu 2010Science China Earth Sciences2010,53,7:9
16Proteoglycans in liver cancer显示文摘Proteoglycans are a group of molecules that contain at least one glycosaminoglycan chain,such as a heparan,dermatan,chondroitin,or keratan sulfate,covalently attached to the protein core.These molecules arecategorized based on their structure,localization,and function,and can be found in the extracellular matrix,on the cell surface,and in the cytoplasm.Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans,such as syndecans,are the primary type present in healthy liver tissue.However,deterioration of the liver results in overproduction of other proteoglycan types.The purpose of this article is to provide a current summary of the most relevant data implicating proteoglycans in the development and progression of human and experimental liver cancer.A review of our work and other studies in the literature indicate that deterioration of liver function is accompanied by an increase in the amount of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans.The alteration of proteoglycan composition interferes with the physiologic function of the liver on several levels.This article details and discusses the roles of syndecan-1,glypicans,agrin,perlecan,collagen XVIII/endostatin,endocan,serglycin,decorin,biglycan,asporin,fibromodulin,lumican,and versican in liver function.Specifically,glypicans,agrin,and versican play significant roles in the development of liver cancer.Conversely,the presence of decorin could potentially provide protective effects.Kornélia Baghy Péter Tátrai Eszter Regős Ilona Kovalszky 2016World Journal of Gastroenterology2016,22,1:8
17The Form of Sulfate in Pseudo-Boehmite and Its Effect on Properties of Pseudo-Boehmite显示文摘A series of pseudo-boehmite samples with their sulfate radicals(SO2-4) concentration ranging from 0.9% to 3.0% were prepared by the reaction of Na Al O2 solution on Al2(SO4)3 solution. The existing form of sulfate radicals was investigated. Results have shown that sulfates in pseudo-boehmite included two parts, the soluble sulfate radicals and the insoluble sulfate radicals, which accounted for 99% of the total amount of sulfate radicals. XRD, low-temperature N2-adsorption, and TEM were used to characterize the properties of these pseudo-boehmite samples. Results have shown that the relative crystallinity and crystal size of pseudo-boehmite decreased with the increase of sulfate radicals in the support. In the meanwhile, the bound water content in pseudo-boehmite increased. The TEM images of pseudo-boehmite indicated that the pseudoboehmite was prone to become amorphous hydrated alumina. However, the effect of sulfate content on the specific surface area and pore structure of aluminium oxide was insignificant.Zou Sumeng Yang Qinghe Zeng Shuangqin Nie Hong 2014China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2014,16,4:7
18Thermal simulation experiments of saturated hydrocarbons with calcium sulfate and element sulfur: Implications on origin of H_2S显示文摘Temperature-programmed simulation experiments of saturated hydrocarbons with calcium sulfate and element sulfur were compared in this study. Based on the variation analysis of the yields and evolvement features of gaseous hydrocarbon (C1-C5) and inorganic gaseous CO2, H2 and H2S, the reaction mechanisms were analyzed and discussed. In the calcium sulfate-saturated hydrocarbon system, H2S was produced by a small quantity, which indicates this reaction belongs to the low-degreed thermal sulfate reduction (TSR) and is featured of self-pyrolysis. In the sulfur-saturated hydrocarbon system, the heated sulfur becomes sulfur radical, which has strong catalysis capability and can fasten the cracking of C―H bond in the alkyl group in the saturated hydrocarbons. As a result, the cracking of C―H bond leads to the yields enhancement of CO2 and H2, and at the same time, H2S was produced since the cracked hydrogen can be instantly combined with sulfur radical. Therefore, this reaction in the sulfur-hydrocarbon system belongs to the catalysis of sulfur radical. Furthermore, the promoted pyrolysis effects of C6+ hydrocarbons by sulfur radical in the low-temperature stage in the sul- fur-hydrocarbon system, together with the consumption effects of gaseous hydrocarbon in the high-temperature stage in the calcium-hydrocarbon system, result in the crossed phenomenon of the gaseous hydrocarbon yields curves.CHEN TengShui1,2, HE Qin1, LU Hong1, PENG PingAn1 & LIU JinZhong1 1 State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China 2 Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China 2009Science China Earth Sciences2009,52,10:6
19多糖硫酸酯的药理作用研究进展显示文摘张娴 盛玉青 2006山西医药杂志2006,35,5:6
20Effect of Sulfate Ions on YAG Powders Synthesized by Microwave Homogeneous Precipitation显示文摘Using Al(NO3)3·9H2O, NH4Al(SO4)2·12H2O, Y(NO3)3 as mother salts, and urea as precipitant, YAG nano-powders were synthesized by microwave homogeneous precipitation. The composition, morphology, and phase transformation of precursor were analyzed by IR, XRD and TEM. The size distribution of YAG powders was characterized using laser diffraction method. The results show that sulfate ions influence the dispersion, composition and morphology of the YAG precursors. The addition of moderate sulfate ions can produce YAG powders with nano size and excellent dispersion at 1100 ℃.王介强 徐红燕 王勇 岳云龙 2006Journal of Rare Earths2006,24,z2:6
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