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| 1 | Pathways of Influence of the Northern Hemisphere Mid–high Latitudes on East Asian Climate: A Review显示文摘This paper reviews recent progress made by Chinese scientists on the pathways of influence of the Northern Hemisphere mid-high latitudes on East Asian climate within the framework of a“coupled oceanic-atmospheric(land-atmospheric or seaice-atmospheric)bridge”and“chain coupled bridge”.Four major categories of pathways are concentrated upon,as follows:Pathway A—from North Atlantic to East Asia;Pathway B—from the North Pacific to East Asia;Pathway C—from the Arctic to East Asia;and Pathway D—the synergistic effects of the mid-high latitudes and tropics.In addition,definitions of the terms“combined effect”,“synergistic effect”and“antagonistic effect”of two or more factors of influence or processes and their criteria are introduced,so as to objectively investigate those effects in future research. | Jianping LI Fei ZHENG Cheng SUN Juan FENG Jing WANG | 2019 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2019，36，9： | 27 |
| 2 | Bi2O3晶体结构和氧缺陷协同作用:促进中间产物的吸附活化、转化途径和光催化反应效率显示文摘在两种不同晶体结构的Bi2O3表面构造了人工氧缺陷,采用实验与模拟计算相结合的方法,从分子层面证实了特定晶体结构和氧缺陷的协同作用可以提高光催化效率,并有效调控光催化转化NO的反应路径,进而加快了整个反应历程.优化后的α-Bi2O3-X可见光净化NO去除率从7.3%增长至20.1%,而β-Bi2O3-X可见光光催化性能从25.2%提高至52.0%,活性增强的差异与不同的晶体结构、氧缺陷有关. DFT计算和实验结果证实,α-Bi2O3和β-Bi2O3表面氧缺陷作为活化中心,促进反应物和中间产物的吸附活化.同时,晶体结构和氧缺陷协同调控电子传递途径,原子排布呈隧道结构的氧缺陷β-Bi2O3对反应物活化以及电荷转移效率比Z型原子排布的氧缺陷α-Bi2O3更高效,这归因于在α-Bi2O3和β-Bi2O3表面构建的缺陷结构不同.原位FT-IR揭示了光催化氧化NO的反应机理,不同晶相的Bi2O3光催化NO转换途径可以由不同的表面缺陷结构进行有效调控. | 雷奔 崔文 盛建平 王红 陈鹏 李解元 孙艳娟 董帆 | 2020 | Science Bulletin2020，65，6： | 9 |
| 3 | Promoting effect of tantalum and antimony additives on deNOx performance of Ce3Ta3SbOx for NH3-SCR reaction and DRIFT studies显示文摘A superior Ce-Ta-Sb composite oxide catalyst prepared using homogeneous precipitation method exhibited excellent deNOx efficiency and nearly 100% N_2 selectivity with broad operation temperature window and better resistance to higher space velocity, meanwhile strong resistance to H_2 O and SO_2. This catalyst was systematically characterized using XRD, N_2 adsorption, SEM, TEM, XPS, ESR, Raman, H_2-TPR,NH3-TPD and in situ DRIFTS. There exists a synergistic effect between Ce, Ta and Sb species. It is further indicated that the prominent deNOx performance of the Ce3 Ta3 SbOx catalyst is attributed to the elevated Ce3+ concentrations, abundant active surface oxygen species, as well as surface acidity and reducibility,which is closely linked with the synergistic effect between Ce, Sb and Ta species. Results from DRIFTS reveal that the reaction mechanism of surface-adsorbed NH3 and NO_x species is linked to temperature,the L-H mechanism mainly occurs at low temperature(<300 ℃),while the E-R mechanism occurs at high temperature(>300 ℃). Overall,these findings indicate that Ce3 Ta3 SbOx is promising for NO_x practical abatement. | Ning Liu Jingyu Wang Fengying Wang Jun Liu | 2018 | Journal of Rare Earths2018，36，6： | 7 |
| 4 | Ni/Co-based metal-organic frameworks as electrode material for high performance supercapacitors显示文摘A novel bimetallic Ni/Co-based metal-organic framework(Ni/Co-MOF) was successfully synthesized via a simple solvothermal method, and used as electrode material for high performance supercapacitors. After doping of Co element, the Ni/Co-MOF materials retain the original crystalline topology structure of Ni_3(BTC)_2·12H_2O.The as-obtained Ni/Co-MOF demonstrates an excellent specific capacitance of 1067 and 780 F/g at current density of 1 and 10 A/g, respectively, and can also retain 68.4% of the original capacitance after 2500 cycles. These results suggest that bimetallic Ni/Co-based MOFs are promising materials for the next generation supercapacitance,owing to their excellent electrochemical performance. The synthetic procedure can be applied to synthesize other bimetallic MOFs and enhance their conductive property. | Shaofei Zhao Lizhen Zeng Gao Cheng Lin Yu Huaqiang Zeng | 2019 | Chinese Chemical Letters2019，30，3： | 7 |
| 5 | Bimetallic nanostructures with magnetic and noble metals and their physicochemical applications显示文摘Bimetallic nanomaterials consisting of magnetic metals and noble metals have attracted much interest for their promising potentials in fields such as magnetic sensors, catalysts, optical detection and biomedical applications. Bimetallic nanomaterials synthesized by wet-chemical methods with different architectures including nanoparticles, nanowires or nanotubes and their assemblies are summarized in this review. The particular properties of bimetallic nanomaterials, especially their magnetic, catalytic and optical properties, are presented. The advance in electron microscopy makes it possible to understand the nanostructural materials at much higher level than before, which helps to disclose the relationship between the microstructures and properties qualitatively and quantitatively. | Sibin Duan Rongming Wang | 2013 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2013，23，2： | 7 |
| 6 | Co-pyrolysis of bituminous coal and biomass in a pressured fluidized bed显示文摘An experimental study on co-pyrolysis of bituminous coal and biomass was performed in a pressured fluidized bed reactor.The blend ratio of biomass in the mixture was varied between 0 and 100 wt%,and the temperature was over a range of 550–650℃ under 1.0 MPa pressure with different atmospheres.On the basis of the individual pyrolysis behavior of bituminous coal and biomass,the influences of the biomass blending ratio,temperature,pressure and atmosphere on the product distribution were investigated.The results indicated that there existed a synergetic effect in the co-pyrolysis of bituminous coal and biomass in this pressured fluidized bed reactor,especially when the condition of bituminous coal and biomass blend ratio of 70:30(w/w),600℃,and 0.3 MPa was applied.The addition of biomass influenced the tar and char yields and gas and tar composition during co-pyrolysis.The tar yields were higher than the calculated values from individual pyrolysis of each fuel,and consequently the char yields were lower.The experimental results showed that the composition of the gaseous products was not in accordance with those of their individual fuel.The improvement of composition in tar also indicated synergistic effect in the co-pyrolysis. | Yong Huang Ningbo Wang Qiaoxia Liu Wusheng Wang Xiaoxun Ma | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2019，27，7： | 7 |
| 7 | In vitro and in vivo activity of D-serine in combination with β-lactam antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus显示文摘As D-amino acids play important roles in the physiological metabolism of bacteria,combination of D-amino acids with antibiotics may provide synergistic antibacterial activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo activity of D-serine alone and in combination withβ-lactams against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains, and to explore the possible sensitization mechanisms. The activity of D-serine, β-lactams alone and in combinations was evaluated both in vitro by standard MICs, time–kill curves and checkerboard assays, and in vivo by murine systemic infection model as well as neutropenic thigh infection model. An in vitro synergistic effect was demonstrated with the combination of D-serine and β-lactams against MRSA standard and clinical strains.Importantly, the combinations enhanced the therapeutic efficacy in the animal models as compared toβ-lactam alone groups. Initial mechanism study suggested possible revision of D-alanine-D-alanine residue to D-alanine-D-serine in peptidoglycan by adding of D-alanine in the medium, which may cause decreased affinity to PBPs during transpeptidation. In conclusion, D-serine had synergistic activity in combination with β-lactams against MRSA strains both in vitro and in vivo. Considering the relatively good safety of D-serine alone or in combination with β-lactams, D-serine is worth following up as new anti-MRSA infection strategies. | Qing Wang Yuemeng Lv Jing Pang Xue Li Xi Lu Xiukun Wang Xinxin Hu Tongying Nie Xinyi Yang Yan Q.Xiong Jiandong Jiang Congran Li Xuefu You | 2019 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2019，9，3： | 6 |
| 8 | RIP3/MLKL-mediated neuronal necroptosis induced by methamphetamine at 39℃显示文摘Methamphetamine is one of the most prevalent drugs abused in the world.Methamphetamine abusers usually present with hyperpyrexia (39℃),hallucination and other psychiatric symptoms.However,the detailed mechanism underlying its neurotoxic action remains elusive.This study investigated the effects of methamphetamine + 39℃ on primary cortical neurons from the cortex of embryonic Sprague-Dawley rats.Primary cortex neurons were exposed to 1 mM methamphetamine + 39℃.Propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase release detection showed that methamphetamine + 39℃ triggered obvious necrosis-like death in cultured primary cortical neurons,which could be partially inhibited by receptor-interacting protein-1 (RIP1) inhibitor Necrostatin-1 partially.Western blot assay results showed that there were increases in the expressions of receptor-interacting protein-3 (RIP3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) in the primary cortical neurons treated with 1 mM methamphetamine + 39℃ for 3 hours.After pre-treatment with RIP3 inhibitor GSK’872,propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase release detection showed that neuronal necrosis rate was significantly decreased;RIP3 and MLKL protein expression significantly decreased.Immunohistochemistry staining results also showed that the expressions of RIP3 and MLKL were up-regulated in brain specimens from humans who had died of methamphetamine abuse.Taken together,the above results suggest that methamphetamine + 39℃ can induce RIP3/MLKL regulated necroptosis,thereby resulting in neurotoxicity.The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,China (approval numbers: 2017-S026 and 2017-S033) on March 7,2017. | Li-Min Guo Zhen Wang Shi-Ping Li Mi Wang Wei-Tao Yan Feng-Xia Liu Chu-Dong Wang Xu-Dong Zhang Dan Chen Jie Yan Kun Xiong | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，5： | 5 |
| 9 | Co-Co304@carbon core-shells derived from metal-organic framework nanocrystals as efficient hydrogenevolution catalysts显示文摘Controllable pyrolysis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in confined spacesis a promising strategy for the design and development of advanced functionalmaterials. In this study, Co-C0304@carbon composites were synthesized viapyrolysis of a Co-MOFs@glucose polymer (Co-MOFs@GP) followed by partialoxidation of Co nanoparticles (NPs). The pyrolysis of Co-MOFs@GP generated acore-shell structure composed of carbon shells and Co NPs. The controlled partialoxidation of Co NPs formed Co-Co304 heterojunctions confined in carbon shells.Compared with Co-MOFs@GP and Co@carbon-n (Co@C-n), Co-C0304@carbon-n(Co-Co304@C-n) exhibited higher catalytic activity during NaBH4 hydrolysis.Co-C0304@C-II provided a maximum specific H2 generation rate of5,360 mL.min-l.gco-1 at room temperature due to synergistic interactionsbetween Co and C0304 NPs. The Co NPs also endowed Co-C0304@C-n with theferromagnetism needed to complete the magnetic momentum transfer process. | Yanyan Liu Guosheng Han Xiaoyu Zhang Congcong Xing Chenxia Du Huaqiang Cao Baojun Li | 2017 | Nano Research2017，10，9： | 5 |
| 10 | Synergistic Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Molybdate and Phosphate Ions for Anodic Oxidation Film Formed on 2024 Aluminum Alloy显示文摘In order to effectively improve the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys, anodic oxidation technique was used to generate the oxide film. We investigated the influences of two inorganic corrosion inhibitors(ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium molybdate) on the corrosion resistance of anodic oxidation films on 2024 aluminum alloy, and studied the synergistic effect of two corrosion inhibitors. The corrosion resistance of anodic oxidation film in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curves. Results show that, after adding the single ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or sodium molybdate of 0.01 M to oxalic acid electrolyte, inhibition efficiencies of the anodized samples are 10% and 47%, respectively. However, in the presence of two inhibitors with the same concentration of 0.01 M, inhibition efficiency can be as high as 92%. Therefore, we observed the significantly synergistic corrosion inhibition effect of molybdate and phosphate ions for anodic oxidation film formed on 2024 aluminum alloy. | 王文博 DONG Peng WANG Haiyun 程杰 刘胜利 | 2019 | Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)2019，34，2： | 5 |
| 11 | 可控碳化废弃聚丙烯制备镍/碳纳米材料用于高效光蒸气转换显示文摘利用太阳能实现光蒸气转化是一项极具前景的技术,可应用于海水脱盐和淡水制备等领域.然而,从工业的角度来看,制备低成本、高效率的光热材料仍具有挑战性.本文利用聚离子液体(PIL)和氧化镍(Ni O)作为复合催化剂,实现了聚丙烯(PP)的可控碳化,并制备了镍/碳纳米材料(Ni/CNM).研究结果表明,加入微量的PIL可实现对Ni/CNM形貌和织态结构的调控.Ni/CNM由杯状碳纳米管(CS-CNT)和梨形镍纳米颗粒组成,二者在太阳光吸收上的协同作用使得Ni/CNM具有优异的光热转换性能.此外,Ni/CNM具有较高的比表面积和丰富的微/介/大孔,其构建的三维多孔网络可为水和蒸气的高效传输提供通道.光吸收高、水传输快和热导率低等优势,使Ni/CNM的水蒸发速率高达1.67 kg m^-2h^-1,光-蒸气转换效率高达94.9%,且重复使用10次后性能依然保持稳定.该材料同时适用于染料废水、海水和油/水乳化液等水质的纯化.其中,海水中金属离子的去除效率高达99.99%,染料去除率>99.9%.更重要的是,材料的光蒸气转换性能优于最新报道的碳基光热材料.此工作不仅提出了一种可将废弃聚合物转化为先进的金属/碳杂化物的可持续方法,同时也有助于太阳能利用和海水淡化领域的进一步研究. | 宋长远 郝亮 张博易 董志月 唐清泉 闵嘉康 赵强 牛冉 龚江 唐涛 | 2020 | Science China Materials2020，63，5： | 4 |
| 12 | Homoharringtonine synergy with oridonin in treatment of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia显示文摘Collaboration of c-KIT mutations with AML1-ETO (AE) has been demonstrated to induce t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Targeted therapies designed to eliminate AE and c-KIT oncoproteins may facilitate effective treatment of t(8;21) AML.Homoharringtonine (HHT) features activity against tumor cells harboring c-KIT mutations,whereas oridonin can induce t(8;21) AML cell apoptosis and AE cleavage.Therefore,studies should explore the efficacy of combination therapy with oridonin and HHT in t(8;21) AML.In this study,we investigated the synergistic effects and mechanism of oridonin combined with HHT in t(8;21) AML cell line and mouse model.The two drugs synergistically inhibited cell viability and induced significant mitochondrial membrane potential loss and apoptosis.Oridonin and HHT induced significant downregulation of c-KIT and its downstream signaling pathways and promoted AE cleavage.HHT increased intracellular oridonin concentration by modulating the expressions of MRP1 and MDR1,thus enhancing the effects of oridonin.The combination of oridonin and HHT prolonged t(8;21) leukemia mouse survival.In conclusion,oridonin and HHT exert synergistic effects against t(8;21) leukemia in vivo and in vitro,thereby indicating that their combination may be an effective therapy for t(8;21) leukemia. | Weina Zhang Ying Lu Tao Zhen Xinjie Chen Ming Zhang Ping Liu Xiangqin Weng Bing Chen Yueying Wang | 2019 | Frontiers of Medicine2019，13，3： | 4 |
| 13 | Protic ionic liquid-promoted synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from ethylene carbonate and methanol显示文摘In this work,the protic ionic liquid[DBUH][Im](1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undeceniumimidazolide)was developed as an efficient catalyst for the transesterification of ethylene carbonate with methanol to produce dimethyl carbonate.At 70℃,up to 97%conversion of ethylene carbonate and 91%yield of dimethyl ca rbonate were obtained with 1 mol%[DBUH][Im](relative to ethylene carbonate)as catalyst in 2 h.Even at room temperature,the conversion of ethylene carbonate can reach 94%and the yield of dimethyl carbonate can approach 81%for 6 h.Catalytic mechanism investigation showed the high catalytic efficiency of this ionic liquid results from the synergistic activation effect,wherein the cation can activate ethylene carbonate and the anion can activate methanol through hydrogen bond formatio n.Although the reusability of the ionic liquid need to be further improved,high efficiency and comme rcial availability of[DBUH][Im]render it a promising catalyst for the preparation of dimethyl carbonate. | Yu Song Xing He Bing Yu Hong-Ru Li Liang-Nian He | 2020 | Chinese Chemical Letters2020，31，3： | 4 |
| 14 | Structural engineering of transition metal-based nanostructured electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting显示文摘Water splitting is a highly promising approach for the generation of sustainable,clean hydrogen energy. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to exploring highly efficient and abundant metal oxide electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions to lower the energy consumption in water splitting.In this review,we summarize the recent advances on the development of metal oxide electrocatalysts with special emphasis on the structural engineering of nanostructures from particle size,composition,crystalline facet,hybrid structure as well as the conductive supports.The special strategies relay on the transformation from the metal organic framework and ion exchange reactions for the preparation of novel metal oxide nanostructures with boosting the catalytic activities are also discussed.The fascinating methods would pave the way for rational design of advanced electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting. | Yueqing Wang Jintao Zhang | 2018 | Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering2018，12，4： | 4 |
| 15 | Study of the Synergistic Effect Between Corrosion Inhibitors by Using Fractional Free Volume显示文摘The fractional free volumes(FFVs)of the adsorption films formed with different ratios of dipropargyl methoxythiourea imidazoline(DPFTAI)and pyridine quaternary ammonium salt(16BD)were calculated by simulation to determine their synergistic corrosion inhibition effect.The results suggest that the composite corrosion inhibitor at the molar ratio between DPFTAI and 16BD of 4:1 gives the best corrosion inhibition effect.This simulation method to predict the synergistic effect between corrosion inhibitors was further validated by mass loss and electrochemical experiments.This finding delivers valuable understandings of inhibition mechanism of corrosion inhibitors. | LU Yuan ZHANG Chen WANG Wei ZHAO Jingmao | 2019 | Chemical Research in Chinese Universities2019，35，6： | 3 |
| 16 | Tribological study of N-containing borate derivatives and their synergistic antioxidation effects with T531显示文摘Two N-containing borates, BTES and BMES, were synthesized with dodecyl phenol, 2-(N-containing heterocyclic) ethan-1-ol, boric acid, and dibutylamine, and their tribological properties in rapeseed oil(RSO) were investigated using a four-ball tester. The results showed that the load-carrying ability(P_B value) of RSO can be improved by 40.9% and 67.9%, respectively, when using 0.5 wt% BTES and BMES. Moreover, the antiwear and friction-reducing performances of the additive-containing oils increased with the additive concentration. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results of the worn steel ball surfaces showed that BTES and BMES formed protective films, which contained boron oxide, iron oxide, ferrous sulfate, ferrous sulfide(for BMES), and other organic nitrogen compounds, on the metal surfaces. The better load-carrying and antiwear performances of BMES than those of BTES might be due to their different sulfur contents, which result in different tribochemical reaction films on the contact surfaces. The oxidation stability tests showed that BTES and BMES possessed synergistic antioxidation activity with N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine(T531), and consequently, the oxidation activation energy of the oil sample increased by 77.85% and 82.19%, respectively, compared with that of RSO when the oil sample contained 0.05 wt% BTES/BMES and 0.25% T531. | Liping XIONG Zhongyi HE Jian LIU Jianqiang HU Xu XIN Sheng HAN Yinglei WU Shaoming YANG | 2019 | Friction2019，7，5： | 3 |
| 17 | Stepwise Fabrication of Co-Embedded Porous Multichannel Carbon Nanofibers for High-Efficiency Oxygen Reduction显示文摘A novel nonprecious metal material consisting of Coembedded porous interconnected multichannel carbon nanofibers(Co/IMCCNFs) was rationally designed for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysis.In the synthesis,ZnCo2O4 was employed to form interconnected mesoporous channels and provide highly active Co3O4/Co core–shell nanoparticle-based sites for the ORR.The IMC structure with a large synergistic effect of the N and Co active sites provided fast ORR electrocatalysis kinetics.The Co/IMCCNFs exhibited a high half-wave potential of 0.82 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode) and excellent stability with a current retention up to 88% after 12,000 cycles in a current–time test,which is only 55% for 30 wt% Pt/C. | Zeming Tang Yingxuan Zhao Qingxue Lai Jia Zhong Yanyu Liang | 2019 | Nano-Micro Letters2019，11，2： | 3 |
| 18 | The Effect of Adjuvants on Penetration of beta-cypermethrin Through the Epidermis of Cabbage Leaf显示文摘The effects of three types of adjuvant (mineral oil, higher aliphatic acid and nonionic surfactant) on the penetration of beta-cypermethrin through the cabbage leaf surface were studied. The results showed that the penetration was positively correlated with both the concentration of adjuvant and the time after application, in a given range of treatment. A synergistic effect of two types of adjuvant on the penetration was found. Some physical properties of emulsions were determined. The change of the structures of the cabbage leaf surface by these adjuvants was observed from photomicrographs. The mechanism concerned with the effect of these adjuvants on the penetration of beta-cypermethrin through the cabbage leaf surface was tentatively discussed. | WANG Yi, ZHANG Li-ta, ZHENG Fei-neng, CHEN Fu-liang and LIANG Wen-ping( Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100094 Center for Molecular Science , Institute of Chemistry , The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 ) | 2002 | Agricultural Sciences in China2002，1，3： | 3 |
| 19 | Ultra-microporous Metal-organic Framework with High Concentration of Free Carboxyl Groups and Lewis Basic Sites for CO_2 Capture at Ambient Conditions显示文摘How to rationally design effective and practical CO_2 adsorbent is a great challenge. Herein, an ultra-microporous metal-organic framework(FJI-H19) with high concentration of free carboxyl groups and uncoordinated Lewis basic sites has been synthesized from a multi-dental ligand with a high proportion of polar CO_2-philic atoms. FJI-H19 displays a relatively high CO_2 volumetric uptake(120 cm^3?cm^(–3)) with high selectivity under practical atmosphere(298 K and 1 bar). Further researches demonstrate that such high adsorption results from an unusual synergistic effect from free carboxyl group and uncoordinated N atoms. This result will provide a potential strategy for developing more effective and pratical CO_2 adsorbent based on MOFs. | 梁林锋 江飞龙 陈其辉 袁大强 洪茂椿 | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry2019，38，4： | 3 |
| 20 | Influence of the Arctic on the Predictability of Eurasian Winter Extreme Weather Events显示文摘The linkage between the Arctic and midlatitudes has received much attention recently due to the rapidly changing climate.Many investigations have been conducted to reveal the relationship between the Arctic and Eurasian extreme events from the perspective of climatological statistics.As a prediction source for extreme events in Eurasia,Arctic conditions are crucial for extreme event predictions.Therefore,it is urgent to explore the Arctic influence on the predictability of Eurasian extreme events due to the large uncertainties in Arctic conditions.Considering the sensitivity and nonlinearity of the atmospheric circulations in midlatitude to Arctic conditions,it is necessary to investigate the Arctic influences on Eurasian extreme weather events in case studies at weather time scales.Previous studies indicate that only perturbations in specific patterns have fast growth.Thus,the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation approach is recommended for exploring the uncertainties in Arctic initial and boundary conditions and their synergistic effect on Eurasian extreme events.Moreover,the mechanism for extreme event formation may differ in different cases.Therefore,more extreme cases should be investigated to reach robust conclusions. | Guokun DAI Mu MU | 2020 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2020，37，4： | 3 |
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