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| 1 | 美国临床肿瘤学会IV期非小细胞肺癌化疗的临床实践指南更新显示文摘本文旨在为IV期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗提供更新版推荐。本文资料检索源自2002年以来公布的相关随机试验文献。此指南范围限于化疗与生物治疗。更新委员会对这些文献进行了总结并提供了推荐更新。162篇文献符合标准被纳入参考。本推荐基于可改善总生存期的治疗方法。仅改善无进展生存期的治疗方法推动了对毒性及生存质量的监测。对于体力状态评分为0分或1分患者的一线治疗,可推荐以铂类为基础的细胞毒性药物的两药联用。对铂类治疗有禁忌的患者,可采用非铂类细胞毒性两药联合。对于体力状态评分为2分的患者,单一细胞毒性药物即可。对于疾病进展或经过4个周期的治疗仍对治疗无反应的患者,应停止一线细胞毒性化疗。即使在6个周期后患者对治疗仍有反应,亦应停止两药细胞毒性化疗。对于伴有明确的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变的患者,可推荐一线采用吉非替尼治疗;对于EGFR突变为阴性或不明确的患者,细胞毒性化疗更佳。除具有特定临床特征的患者外,可推荐贝伐单抗与卡铂-紫杉醇联用。对于通过免疫组化证实EGFR阳性的肿瘤患者,可推荐西妥昔单抗与顺铂-长春瑞滨联用。多西紫杉醇、厄洛替尼、吉非替尼或培美曲塞被推荐作为二线治疗。对于未曾接受过厄洛替尼或吉非替尼治疗的患者,可推荐厄洛替尼作为三线治疗。现有数据不足以推荐常规三线采用细胞毒性药物。已有的证据也不足以推荐常规应用分子标记物选择化疗。 | Christopher G. AZZOLI Sherman Baker JR Sarah TEMIN William PAO Timothy ALIFF Julie BRAHMER David H. JOHNSON Janessa L. LASKIN Gregory MASTERS Daniel MILTON Luke NORDQUIST David G. PFISTER Steven PIANTADOSI Joan H. SCHILLER Reily SMITH Thomas J. SMITH John R. STRAWN David TRENT Giuseppe GIACCONE 丁燕(翻译) 南娟(翻译) 刘谦(翻译) 周清华(校对) 陈军(校对) | 2010 | 中国肺癌杂志2010，13，3： | 43 |
| 2 | Design of 16S rRNA gene primers for 454 pyrosequencing of the human foregut microbiome显示文摘AIM:To design and validate broad-range 16S rRNA primers for use in high throughput sequencing to classify bacteria isolated from the human foregut microbiome.METHODS:A foregut microbiome dataset was constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from oral,esophageal,and gastric microbiomes produced by Sanger sequencing in previous studies represented by 219 bacterial species.Candidate primers evaluated were from the European rRNA database.To assess the effect of sequence length on accuracy of classification,16S rRNA genes of various lengths were created by trimming the full length sequences.Sequences spanning various hypervariable regions were selected to simulate the amplicons that would be obtained using possible primer pairs.The sequences were compared with full length 16S rRNA genes for accuracy in taxonomic classification using online software at the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP).The universality of the primer set was evaluated using the RDP 16S rRNA database which is comprised of 433 306 16S rRNA genes,represented by 36 phyla.RESULTS:Truncation to 100 nucleotides(nt)downstream from the position corresponding to base 28 in the Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene caused misclassification of 87(39.7%)of the 219 sequences,compared with misclassification of only 29(13.2%)sequences with truncation to 350 nt.Among 350-nt sequence reads within various regions of the 16S rRNA gene,the reverse read of an amplicon generated using the 343F/798R primers had the least(8.2%)effect on classification.In comparison,truncation to 900 nt mimicking single pass Sanger reads misclassified 5.0%of the 219 sequences.The 343F/798R amplicon accurately assigned 91.8%of the 219 sequences at the species level.Weighted by abundance of the species in the esophageal dataset,the 343F/798R amplicon yielded similar classification accuracy without a significant loss in species coverage(92%).Modification of the 343F/798R primers to 347F/803R increased their universality among foregut species.Assuming that a typicalpolymerase chain reaction can tolerate 2 mismatches between a primer and a template,the modified 347F and 803R primers should be able to anneal 98%and 99.6%of all 16S rRNA genes in the RDP database.CONCLUSION:347F/803R is the most suitable pair of primers for classification of foregut 16S rRNA genes but also possess universality suitable for analyses of other complex microbiomes. | Carlos W Nossa William E Oberdorf Jφrn A Aas Bruce J Paster Todd Z DeSantis Eoin L Brodie Daniel Malamud Michael A Poles Zhiheng Pei | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，33： | 16 |
| 3 | 关于沉降物中汞来源的进展和不确定性的综合分析显示文摘作为第八届全球污染物汞问题国际会议的一部分,一组国际汞问题专家于2005年在威斯康星的麦迪逊召开会议。会议的任务是讨论汞来源的科学依据研究现状。具体讲我们的关键问题是:对某一个指定地点,我们是否有把握确定局地、区域和全球的汞来源的相对份额,自然的相对于人为因素的汞排放和沉降。专家组综合分析了在过去10年来所发表的关于这个问题的最新研究情况,重点在以下4个主要研究课题:长期的人类活动影响的变化,当前的排放和沉降趋势,化学转换与循环,模拟与不确定性。在每一个课题中,专家组都得出一系列的结论,本文对此进行了描述。这些结论同时使得我们对问题的回答是'性质上是',而这种资格取决于所愿意接受的不确定性水平。我们同意这种不确定性主要取决于尺度,以及我们所提出的问题在位于主要点源很近和很远的地方均可得到比较有信心的回答,假设'全球汞库'是被承认的'来源'。从生态系统暴露这个角度来看,很多感兴趣的区域则处于中间地带,带有最大程度的不确定性。 | Steve Lindberg Russell Bullock Ralf Ebinghaus Daniel Engstrom 冯新斌 William Fitzgerald Nicola Pirrone Eric Prestbo Christian Seigneur 赵绪才(译) | 2007 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2007，36，1： | 13 |
| 4 | Assessment of widely used methods to derive depositional ages from detrital zircon populations显示文摘The calculation of a maximum depositional age(MDA)from a detrital zircon sample can provide insight into a variety of geological problems.However,the impact of sample size and calculation method on the accuracy of a resulting MDA has not been evaluated.We use large populations of synthetic zircon dates(N≈25,000)to analyze the impact of varying sample size(n),measurement uncertainty,and the abundance of neardepositional-age zircons on the accuracy and uncertainty of 9 commonly used MDA calculation methods.Furthermore,a new method,the youngest statistical population is tested.For each method,500 samples of n synthetic dates were drawn from the parent population and MDAs were calculated.The mean and standard deviation of each method ove r the 500 trials at each n-value(50-1000,in increments of 50)were compa red to the known depositional age of the synthetic population and used to compare the methods quantitatively in two simulation scenarios.The first simulation scenario varied the proportion of near-depositional-age grains in the synthetic population.The second scenario varied the uncertainty of the dates used to calculate the MDAs.Increasing sample size initially decreased the mean residual error and standard deviation calculated by each method.At higher n-values(>~300 grains),calculated MDAs changed more slowly and the mean resid ual error increased or decreased depending on the method used.Increasing the p roportion of near-depositional-age grains and lowering measurement uncertainty decreased the number of measurements required for the calculated MDAs to stabilize and decreased the standard deviation in calculated MDAs of the 500 samples.Results of the two simulation scenarios show that the most successful way to increase the accuracy of a calculated M DA is by acquiring a large number of low-uncertainty measurements(300300)approach is used if the calculation of accurate MDAs are key to research goals.Other acquisition method s,such as high-to moderate-precision measurement methods(e.g.,1%-5%,2σ)acquiring low-to moderate-n datasets(50300).Additionally,they are most susceptible to producing erroneous MDAs due to contamination in the field or laboratory,or through disturbances of the youngest zircon’s U-Pb systematics(e.g.,lead loss).More conservative methods that still produce accurate MDAs and are less susceptible to contamination or lead loss include:youngest grain cluster at 1σunce rtainty(YGC 1σ),youngest grain clusterat 2σuncertainty(YGC 2σ),and youngest statistical population(YSP).The ages calculated by these methods may be more useful and appealing when fitting calculated MDAs in to pre-existing chronostratigraphic frameworks,as they are less likely to be younger than the true depositional age.From the results of our numerical models we illustrate what geologic processes(i.e.,tectonic or sedimentary)can be resolved using MDAs derived from strata of different ages. | Daniel S.Coutts William A.Matthews Stephen M.Hubbard | 2019 | Geoscience Frontiers2019，10，4： | 12 |
| 5 | Crohn’s disease显示文摘 | Daniel C Baumgart William J Sandborn | 2012 | The Lancet2012，，9853： | 8 |
| 6 | Operative complications and economic outcomes of cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis显示文摘BACKGROUND Recent management of acute cholecystitis favors same admission(SA)or emergent cholecystectomy based on overall shorter hospital stay and therefore cost savings.We adopted the practice of SA cholecystectomy for the treatment of acute cholecystitis at our tertiary care center and wanted to evaluate the economic benefit of this practice.We hypothesized that the existence of complications,particularly among patients with a higher degree of disease severity,during SA cholecystectomy could negate the cost savings.AIM To compare complication rates and hospital costs between SA vs delayed cholecystectomy among patients admitted emergently for acute cholecystitis.METHODS Under an IRB-approved protocol,complications and charges for were obtained for SA,later after conservative management(Delayed),or elective cholecystectomies over an 8.5-year period.Patients were identified using the acute care surgery registry and billing database.Data was retrieved via EMR,operative logs,and Revenue Cycle Operations.The severity of acute cholecystitis was graded according to the Tokyo Guidelines.TG18 categorizes acute cholecystitis by Grades 1,2,and 3 representing mild,moderate,and severe,respectively.Comparisons were analyzed withχ2,Fisher’s exact test,ANOVA,ttests,and logistic regression;significance was set at P<0.05.RESULTS Four hundred eighty-six(87.7%)underwent a SA while 68 patients(12.3%)received Delayed cholecystectomy.Complication rates were increased after SA compared to Delayed cholecystectomy(18.5%vs 4.4%,P=0.004).The complication rates of patients undergoing delayed cholecystectomy was similar to the rate for elective cholecystectomy(7.4%,P=0.35).Mortality rates were 0.6%vs 0%for SA vs Delayed.Patients with moderate disease(Tokyo 2)suffered more complications among SA while none who were delayed experienced a complication(16.1%vs 0.0%,P<0.001).Total hospital charges for SA cholecystectomy were increased compared to a Delayed approach($44500±$59000 vs$35300±$16700,P=0.019).The relative risk of developing a complication was 4.2x[95%confidence interval(CI):1.4-12.9]in the SA vs Delayed groups.Among eight patients(95%CI:5.0-12.3)with acute cholecystitis undergoing SA cholecystectomy,one patient will suffer a complication.CONCLUSION Patients with Tokyo Grade 2 acute cholecystitis had more complications and increased hospital charges when undergoing SA cholecystectomy.This data supports a selective approach to SA cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. | Christopher P Rice Krishnamurthy B Vaishnavi Celia Chao Daniel Jupiter August B Schaeffer Whitney R Jenson Lance W Griffin William J Mileski | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，48： | 8 |
| 7 | The discovery and reporting of internal control deficiencies prior to SOX-mandated audits显示文摘 | Hollis Ashbaugh-Skaife Daniel W. Collins William R. Kinney | 2006 | Journal of Accounting and Economics2006，，1： | 8 |
| 8 | Ferroptosis as a novel form of regulated cell death:Implications in the pathogenesis,oncometabolism and treatment of human cancer显示文摘The treatment of cancer mainly involves surgical excision supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Chemotherapy drugs act by interfering with tumor growth and inducing the death of cancer cells.Anti-tumor drugs were developed to induce apoptosis,but some patient’s show apoptosis escape and chemotherapy resistance.Therefore,other forms of cell death that can overcome the resistance of tumor cells are important in the context of cancer treatment.Ferroptosis is a newly discovered iron-dependent,non-apoptotic type of cell death that is highly negatively correlated with cancer development.Ferroptosis is mainly caused by the abnormal increase in iron-dependent lipid reactive oxygen species and the imbalance of redox homeostasis.This review summarizes the progression and regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis in cancer and discusses its possible clinical applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment. | Feifei Pu Fengxia Chen Zhicai Zhang Deyao Shi Binlong Zhong Xiao Lv Andrew Blake Tucker Jiaming Fan Alexander J.Li Kevin Qin Daniel Hu Connie Chen Hao Wang Fang He Na Ni Linjuan Huang Qing Liu William Wagstaff Hue H.Luu Rex C.Haydon Le Shen Tong-Chuan He Jianxiang Liu Zengwu Shao | 2022 | Genes & Diseases2022，9，2： | 6 |
| 9 | Polymeric biomaterials for biophotonic applications显示文摘With the growing importance of optical techniques in medical diagnosis and treatment,there exists a pressing need to develop and optimize materials platform for biophotonic applications.Particularly,the design of biocompatible and biodegradable materials with desired optical,mechanical,chemical,and biological properties is required to enable clinically relevant biophotonic devices for translating in vitro optical techniques into in situ and in vivo use.This technological trend propels the development of natural and synthetic polymeric biomaterials to replace traditional brittle,nondegradable silica glass based optical materials.In this review,we present an overview of the advances in polymeric optical material development,optical device design and fabrication techniques,and the accompanying applications to imaging,sensing and phototherapy. | Dingying Shan Ethan Gerhard Chenji Zhang John William Tierney Daniel Xie Zhiwen Liu Jian Yang | 2018 | Bioactive Materials2018，3，4： | 6 |
| 10 | Ulcerative colitis显示文摘 | Ingrid Ordás Lars Eckmann Mark Talamini Daniel C Baumgart William J Sandborn | 2012 | The Lancet2012，，9853： | 5 |
| 11 | Screw dislocation structure and mobility in body centered cubic Fe predicted by a Gaussian Approximation Potential显示文摘The plastic flow behavior of bcc transition metals up to moderate temperatures is dominated by the thermally activated glide of screw dislocations,which in turn is determined by the atomic-scale screw dislocation core structure and the associated kink-pair nucleation mechanism for glide.Modeling complex plasticity phenomena requires the simulation of many atoms and interacting dislocations and defects.These sizes are beyond the scope of first-principles methods and thus require empirical interatomic potentials.Especially for the technological important case of bcc Fe,existing empirical interatomic potentials yield spurious behavior.Here,the structure and motion of the screw dislocations in Fe are studied using a new Gaussian Approximation Potential(GAP)for bcc Fe,which has been shown to reproduce the potential energy surface predicted by density-functional theory(DFT)and many associated properties.The Fe GAP predicts a compact,non-degenerate core structure,a single-hump Peierls potential,and glide on{110},consistent with DFT results.The thermally activated motion at finite temperatures occurs by the expected kink-pair nucleation and propagation mechanism.The stress-dependent enthalpy barrier for screw motion,computed using the nudgedelastic-band method,follows closely a form predicted by standard theories with a zero-stress barrier of~1 eV,close to the experimental value of 0.84 eV,and a Peierls stress of~2 GPa consistent with DFT predictions of the Peierls potential. | Francesco Maresca Daniele Dragoni Gábor Csányi Nicola Marzari William A.Curtin | 2018 | npj Computational Materials2018，，1： | 5 |
| 12 | Discovery of high-entropy ceramics via machine learning显示文摘Although high-entropy materials are attracting considerable interest due to a combination of useful properties and promising applications,predicting their formation remains a hindrance for rational discovery of new systems.Experimental approaches are based on physical intuition and/or expensive trial and error strategies.Most computational methods rely on the availability of sufficient experimental data and computational power.Machine learning(ML)applied to materials science can accelerate development and reduce costs.In this study,we propose an ML method,leveraging thermodynamic and compositional attributes of a given material for predicting the synthesizability(i.e.,entropy-forming ability)of disordered metal carbides. | Kevin Kaufmann Daniel Maryanovsky William M.Mellor Chaoyi Zhu Alexander S.Rosengarten Tyler J.Harrington Corey Oses Cormac Toher Stefano Curtarolo Kenneth S.Vecchio | 2020 | npj Computational Materials2020，，1： | 5 |
| 13 | Relationship between HER-2 overexpression and brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients显示文摘AIM:To study if HER-2 overexpression by locally advanced esophageal cancers increase the chance of brain metastasis following esophagectomy.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 2000 and 2010.Data analyzed consisted of demographic and clinical variables.The brain metastasis tissue was assayed for HER-2 overexpression utilizing the FDA approved DAKO Hercept Test.RESULTS:One hundred and forty two patients were reviewed.Median age was 64 years(36-86 years).Eighty eight patients(62%) received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Pathological complete and partial responses were achieved in 17(19%) and 71(81%) patients.Cancer relapsed in 43/142(30%) patients.The brain was the first site of relapse in 9/43 patients(21%,95% CI:10%-36%).HER-2 immunohistochemistry testing of the brain metastasis tissue showed that 5/9(56%) cases overexpressed HER-2(3+ staining).CONCLUSION:HER-2 overexpression might be associated with increased risk of brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients following esophagectomy.Further studies will be required to validate this observation. | Taher Abu Hejleh Barry R DeYoung Eric Engelman Jeremy M Deutsch Bridget Zimmerman Thorvardur R Halfdanarson Daniel J Berg Kalpaj R Parekh William R Lynch Mark D Iannettoni Sudershan Bhatia Gerald Clamon | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2012，4，5： | 5 |
| 14 | 开窗畸形之基底动脉并发颅内多发性动脉瘤显示文摘 | 李文彬 李明华 H Grady Daniel Dee H Wu L.Tytle Rifat Karatas Yasemin Karatas William TC Yuh | 2003 | 实用放射学杂志2003，19，9： | 4 |
| 15 | Uptake and mitochondrial dysfunction of alpha-synuclein in human astrocytes, cortical neurons and fibroblasts显示文摘The accumulation and aggregation of alpha-synuclein(α-syn)in several tissue including the brain is a major pathological hallmark in Parkinson’s disease(PD).In this study,we show that α-syn can be taken up by primary human cortical neurons,astrocytes and skin-derived fibroblasts in vitro.Our findings that brain and peripheral cells exposed to α-syn can lead to impaired mitochondrial function,leading to cellular degeneration and cell death,provides additional evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction as a mechanism of toxicity of α-syn in human cells. | Nady Braidy Wei-Ping Gai Ying Hua Xu Perminder Sachdev Gilles J Guillemin Xing-Mai Jiang J William O Ballard Martin P Horan Zhi Ming Fang Beng H Chong Daniel Kam Yin Chan | 2013 | Translational Neurodegeneration2013，2，1： | 4 |
| 16 | Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure显示文摘 | Aram V. Chobanian George L. Bakris Henry R. Black William C. Cushman Lee A. Green Joseph L. Izzo Daniel W. Jones Barry J. Materson Suzanne Oparil Jackson T. Wright Edward J. Roccella | 2003 | Hypertension: Journal of The American Heart Association2003，，6： | 4 |
| 17 | The Impact of Psychological Contract Violations on Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect显示文摘 | William H. Turnley Daniel C. Feldman | 1999 | Human Relations1999，，7： | 4 |
| 18 | Ulcerative colitis显示文摘 | Ingrid Ordás Lars Eckmann Mark Talamini Daniel C Baumgart William J Sandborn | 2012 | 2012 (9853)2012，，9853： | 3 |
| 19 | A multi‐institutional phase 2 study of neoadjuvant gemcitabine and oxaliplatin with radiation therapy in patients with pancreatic cancer显示文摘 | Edward J. Kim Edgar Ben‐Josef Joseph M. Herman Tanios Bekaii‐Saab Laura A. Dawson Kent A. Griffith Isaac R. Francis Joel K. Greenson Diane M. Simeone Theodore S. Lawrence Daniel Laheru Christopher L. Wolfgang Terence Williams Mark Bloomston Malcolm J. Moo | 2013 | Cancer2013，，15： | 3 |
| 20 | Metastatic Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma to Liver: Surgical Treatment and Outcomes显示文摘 | Daniel Cusati Lizhi Zhang William S. Harmsen Amy Hu Michael B. Farnell David M. Nagorney John H. Donohue Florencia G. Que Kaye M. Reid-Lombardo Michael L. Kendrick | 2012 | Journal of the American College of Surgeons2012，，1： | 3 |
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