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| 1 | Gastro-duodenal disease in Africa: Literature review and clinical data from Accra, Ghana显示文摘Gastroduodenal disease(GDD)was initially thought to be uncommon in Africa.Amongst others,lack of access to optimal health infrastructure and suspicion of conventional medicine resulted in the reported prevalence of GDD being significantly lower than that in other areas of the world.Following the increasing availability of flexible upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy,it has now become apparent that GDD,especially peptic ulcer disease(PUD),is prevalent across the continent of Africa.Recognised risk factors for gastric cancer(GCA)include Helicobater pylori(H.pylori),diet,Epstein-Barr virus infection and industrial chemical exposure,while those for PUD are H.pylori,non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID)-use,smoking and alcohol consumption.Of these,H.pylori is generally accepted to be causally related to the development of atrophic gastritis(AG),intestinal metaplasia(IM),PUD and distal GCA.Here,we perform a systematic review of the patterns of GDD across Africa obtained with endoscopy,and complement the analysis with new data obtained on premalignant gastric his-topathological lesions in Accra,Ghana which was compared with previous data from Maputo,Mozambique.As there is a general lack of structured cohort studies in Africa,we also considered endoscopy-based hospital or tertiary centre studies of symptomatic individuals.In Africa,there is considerable heterogeneity in the prevalence of PUD with no clear geographical patterns.Furthermore,there are differences in PUD within-country despite universally endemic H.pylori infection.PUD is not uncommon in Africa.Most of the African tertiary-centre studies had higher prevalence of PUD when compared with similar studies in western countries.An additional intriguing observation is a recent,ongoing decline in PUD in some African countries where H.pylori infection is still high.One possible reason for the high,sustained prevalence of PUD may be the significant use of NSAIDs in local or over-the-counter preparations.The prevalence of AG and IM,were similar or modestly higher over rates in western countries but lower than those seen in Asia..In our new data,sampling of 136 patients in Accra detected evidence of pre-malignant lesions(AG and/or IM)in 20 individuals(14.7%).Likewise,the prevalence of pre-malignant lesions,in a sample of 109 patients from Maputo,were 8.3%AG and 8.3%IM.While H.pylori is endemic in Africa,the observed prevalence for GCA is rather low.However,cancer data is drawn from country cancer registries that are not comprehensive due to considerable variation in the availability of efficient local cancer reporting systems,diagnostic health facilities and expertise.Validation of cases and their source as well as specificity of outcome definitions are not explicit in most studies further contributing to uncertainty about the precise incidence rates of GCA on the continent.We conclude that evidence is still lacking to support(or not)the African enigma theory due to inconsistencies in the data that indicate a particularly low incidence of GDD in African countries. | Timothy N Archampong Richard H Asmah Cathy J Richards Vicki J Martin Christopher D Bayliss Edília Botao Leonor David Sandra Beleza Carla Carrilho | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，26： | 3 |
| 2 | 未处理或上游法处理后精子的DNA碎片能否预测使用赠卵ICSI后的妊娠?显示文摘本研究比较了未处理的精子和上游法处理后精子中的DNA碎片值(SDF)预测使用赠卵ICSI后妊娠的可能性。总共81例不孕女性接受通过夫精和赠卵ICSI后的胚胎移植。这种方式排除了目前公认的影响精子DNA修复的女方因素。在ICSI受精时,同时使用DNA碎片率检测试剂盒(Halosperm)进行盲法检测未处理的和上游法处理后精液中的精子DNA碎片。经上游法处理后的精液样本中SDF值呈显著下降。有趣的是,未处理的或上游法处理后精液样本中的SDF值均能预测妊娠。通过ROC曲线和其衍生的约登指数计算得出未处理前和上游法处理后精子sDF的临界值分别是24.8%和17.5%。未处理精子SDF预测妊娠的敏感性和特异性分别为75%和69%,而上游法处理后的精子SDF预测妊娠的敏感性和特异性分别是78%和73%。虽然SDF值增高与生育呈负相关,但我们发现在精子筛选降低sDF值后再与赠卵进行ICSI并不能保证获得妊娠。这表明目前的技术手段对于一些DNA损伤仍无法探及,从而相对影响辅助生殖成功的机率。因此,我们认为对目前的“冰山模式”作一些修饰后可以用来解释SDF在生育中的作用。 | Jaime Gosálvez Pedro Caballero Carmen López-Fernández Leonor Ortega José Andrés Guijarro José Luís FernAndez Stephen D Johnston Rocio Nufiez-Calonge | 2013 | Asian Journal of Andrology2013，15，6： | 3 |
| 3 | α-Tocopherol may influence cellular signaling by modulating jasmonic acid levels in plants显示文摘 | Sergi Munné-Bosch Elmar W. Weiler Leonor Alegre Maren Müller Petra Düchting Jon Falk | 2007 | Planta2007，，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Glutathione level in antigen-presenting cells modulate Th1 versus Th2 response patterns 显示文摘 | Jeffrey D P Leonore A H Kristine V | 1998 | Immunology1998，9，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Absorption coefficient of bulk and thin film Cu 2 O显示文摘 | Claudia Malerba Francesco Biccari Cristy Leonor Azanza Ricardo Mirco D’Incau Paolo Scardi Alberto Mittiga | 2011 | Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells2011，，10： | 1 |
| 6 | 11-color, 13-parameter flow cytometry: Identification of human naive T cells by phenotype, function, and T-cell receptor diversity显示文摘 | Stephen C D leonard A H Leonore A H | 2001 | Nature Medicine2001，7，： | 1 |
| 7 | Female Control of Male Gamete Delivery during Fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana显示文摘 | Nicolas Rotman Frédérique Rozier Leonor Boavida Christian Dumas Frédéric Berger Jean-Emmanuel Faure | 2003 | Current Biology2003，，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Glutathione level in antigen-presenting cells modulate Th1 versus Th2 response patterns显示文摘 | JEFFEREY D P LEONORE A H KRISTINE V | 1998 | Immunology1998，95，： | 1 |
| 9 | Vascular invasion in thyroid and gastric carcinomas显示文摘 | Patricia C Leonor D Paula S | 2003 | Ultra Pathol2003，27，1： | 1 |
| 10 | α-Tocopherol may influence cellular signaling by modulating jasmonic acid levels in plants显示文摘 | Sergi Munné-Bosch Elmar W. Weiler Leonor Alegre Maren Müller Petra Düchting Jon Falk | 2007 | Planta2007，，3： | 1 |
| 11 | α-Tocopherol may influence cellular signaling by modulating jasmonic acid levels in plants显示文摘 | Sergi Munné-Bosch Elmar W. Weiler Leonor Alegre Maren Müller Petra Düchting Jon Falk | 2007 | Planta2007，，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Nitrogen doped Cu2 O: A possible material for intermediate band solar cells显示文摘 | Claudia Malerba Cristy Leonor Azanza Ricardo Mirco D' Incau | 2012 | Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells2012，105，： | 1 |
| 13 | Water deficit and exogenous ABA significantly affect grape and wine phenolic composition under in field and in-vitro conditions显示文摘 | Leonor D Bruno C Ruben B | 2011 | Plant Growth Regulation2011，65，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Glutathione level in antigen-presenting cells modulate Th1 versus Th2 response patterns 显示文摘 | JEFFREY D P LEONORE A H KRISTINE V | 1998 | Immunology1998，95，： | 1 |
| 15 | Glutathione level in antigen-presenting cells modulate Th1 versus Th2 response patterns 显示文摘 | JEFFEREY D P LEONORE A H KRISTINE V | 1998 | Immunology1998，95，： | 1 |
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