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| 1 | A bi-directional gap model for simulating the directional thermal radiance of row crops显示文摘Row crops are a kind of typical vegetation canopy between discrete canopy and continuous canopy. Kimes et al. studied the directional thermal radiation of row crops using the geometrical optical model, which simplified row structure as 'box' and neglected the gap among foliage and did not consider the emissivity effects. In this work we take account of the gaps along illumination and viewing directions and propose a bi-direction gap model on the basis of the idea of gap probability of discrete vegetation canopy introduced by 'Li-Strahler' and inter-correlation of continuous vegetation developed by Kuusk. It can be used to explain 'hot spot' effects in thermal infrared region. The gap model has been validated by field experiment on winter wheat planted in shape of rows and results show that the gap model is better than Kimes' model in describing the directionality of thermal infrared emission for row crops. | CHEN Liangfu (陈良富) LIU Qinhuo (柳钦火) FAN Wenjie (范闻捷) LI Xiaowen (李小文) XIAO Qing (肖青) YAN Guangjian (闫广建) TIAN Guoliang (田国良) | 2002 | Science China Earth Sciences2002，45，12： | 12 |
| 2 | Modeling the land surface reflectance for optical remote sensing data in rugged terrain显示文摘A model for topographic correction and land surface reflectance estimation for optical remote sensing data in rugged terrian is presented.Considering a directional-directional reflectance that is used for direct solar irradiance correction and a hemispheric-directional reflectance that is used for atmospheric diffuse irradiance and terrain background reflected irradiance correction respectively,the directional reflectance-based model for topographic effects removing and land surface reflectance calculation is developed by deducing the directional reflectance with topographic effects and using a radiative transfer model.A canopy reflectance simulated by GOMS model and Landsat/TM raw data covering Jiangxi rugged area were taken to validate the performance of the model presented in the paper.The validation results show that the model presented here has a remarkable ability to correct topography and estimate land surface reflectance and also provides a technique method for sequently quantitative remote sensing application in terrain area. | WEN JianGuang LIU QinHuo XIAO Qing LIU Qiang LI XiaoWen | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，8： | 11 |
| 3 | Land cover mapping using time series HJ-1 / CCD data显示文摘It is very difficult to have remote sensing data with both high spatial resolution and high temporal frequency; thus, two categories of land-use mapping methodology have been developed separately for coarser resolution and finer resolution data. The first category uses time series of data to retrieve the variation of land surface for classification, which are usually used for coarser resolution data with high temporal frequency. The second category uses fine spatial resolution data to classify different land surface. With the launch of Chinese satellite constellation HJ-1in 2008, four 30 m spatial resolution CCDs with about 360 km coverage for each one onboard two satellites made a revisit period of two days, which brought a new type of data with both high spatial resolution and high temporal frequency. Therefore, by taking the spatiotemporal advantage of HJ-1/CCD data we propose a new method for finer resolution land cover mapping using the time series HJ-1/CCD data, which can greatly improve the land cover mapping accuracy. In our two study areas, the very high resolution remote sensing data within Google Earth are used to validate the land cover mapping results, which shows a very high mapping accuracy of 95.76% and 83.78% and a high Kappa coefficient of 0.9423 and 0.8165 in the Dahuofang area of Liaoning Province and the Heiquan area of Gansu Province respectively. | ZHONG Bo MA Peng NIE AiHua YANG AiXia YAO YanJuan Lü WenBo ZHANG Hang LIU QinHuo | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，8： | 9 |
| 4 | Forest NPP estimation based on MODIS data under cloudless condition显示文摘Based on light-use efficiency model, an MODIS-derived daily net primary production (NPP) model was developed. In this model, a new model for the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation (FPAR) is developed based on leaf area index (LAI) and albedo parameters, and a pho- tosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is calculated from the combination of Bird's model with aerosol optical thickness and water vapor derived from cloud free MODIS images. These two models are inte- grated into our predicted NPP model, whose most parameters are retrieved from MODIS data. In order to validate our NPP model, the observed NPP in the Qianyanzhou station and the Changbai Mountains station are used to compare with our predicted NPP, showing that they are in good agreement. The NASA NPP products also have been downloaded and compared with the measurements, which shows that the NASA NPP products underestimated NPP in the Qianyanzhou station but overestimated in the Changbai Mountains station in 2004. | CHEN LiangFu GAO YanHua LI Li LIU QinHuo GU XingFa | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，3： | 7 |
| 5 | Multi-scale validation strategy for satellite albedo products and its uncertainty analysis显示文摘Coarse-resolution satellite albedo products are important for climate change and energy balance research because of their capability to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of land surface parameters at both the regional and global scales. The accuracy of coarse-resolution products is usually assessed via comparison with in situ measurements. The key issue in the comparison of remote sensing observations with in situ measurements is scaling and uncertainty. This paper presents a strategy for validating 1-km-resolution remote sensing albedo products using field measurements and high-resolution remote sensing observations. Field measurements were collected to calibrate the high-resolution(30 m) albedo products derived from HJ-1a/b images. Then, the calibrated high-resolution albedo maps were resampled(i.e., upscaled) to assess the accuracy of the coarse-resolution albedo products. The samples of field measurements and high-resolution pixels are based on an uncertainty analysis. Two types of coarse-resolution albedo datasets, from global land surface satellite(GLASS) and moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS), are validated over the middle reaches of the Heihe River in China. The results indicate that the upscaled HJ(Huan Jing means environment in Chinese and this refers to a satellite constellation designed for environment and disaster monitoring by China) albedo, which was calibrated using field measurements, can provide accurate reference values for validating coarse-resolution satellite albedo products. However, the uncertainties in the upscaled HJ albedo should be estimated, and pixels with large uncertainties should be excluded from the validation process. | PENG JingJing LIU Qiang WEN JianGuang LIU QinHuo TANG Yong WANG LiZhao DOU BaoCheng YOU DongQin SUN ChangKui ZHAO XiaoJie FENG YouBin SHI Jian | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，4： | 5 |
| 6 | Estimation of clear-sky longwave downward radiation from HJ-1B thermal data显示文摘To satisfy the requirement of surface energy budget research on the meso-and micro-scale,a parameterization is developed to calculate high spatial resolution,clear-sky downward longwave radiation(DLR)from HJ-1B thermal data.The DLR algorithm is established based on extensive radiative transfer simulation and statistical analysis.To address the problem that HJ-1B has a single thermal channel and lacks atmospheric information,the brightness temperature of HJ-1B and water vapor content are used in the algorithm.An accuracy evaluation and error analysis for the algorithm is conducted using a simulated radiation dataset.The result shows that the algorithm performs well in most circumstances,but there is obvious underestimation when water vapor content is greater than 4g/cm2 .Error analysis indicates the accuracy of estimated DLRs is affected by uncertainties in input parameters,including water vapor content and top-of-atmosphere radiance.It is also affected by the difference between ground and near-surface air temperature.The algorithm is applied to actual HJ-1B data,and validated by ground data from six stations in the Heihe River and Haihe River basins.The estimated DLRs have good consistency with measured data except at Huazhaizi,and root mean square errors at most sites are around 20W/m2 ,which is slightly better than the result of MODIS. There is significant overestimation of DLR at Huazhaizi during summer,which is mainly produced by the large ground-air temperature difference.A correction process based on temperature difference is proposed and applied at Huazhaizi.The result shows that the positive bias is largely diminished after correction. | YU ShanShan XIN XiaoZhou LIU QinHuo | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，5： | 5 |
| 7 | HEIHE WATERSHED ALLIED TELEMETRY EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH (HiWATER): Scientific Objectives and Experimental Design显示文摘 | Li Xin Cheng Guodong Liu Shaomin Xiao Qing Ma Mingguo Jin Rui Che Tao Liu Qinhuo Wang Weizhen Qi Yuan Wen Jianguang Li Hongyi Zhu Gaofeng Guo Jianwen Ran Youhua Wang Shuoguo Zhu Zhongli Zhou Jian Hu Xiaoli Xu Ziwei | 2013 | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society2013，，8： | 3 |
| 8 | RAPID: A Radiosity Applicable to Porous IndiviDual Objects for directional reflectance over complex vegetated scenes显示文摘 | Huaguo Huang Wenhan Qin Qinhuo Liu | 2013 | Remote Sensing of Environment2013，，： | 3 |
| 9 | Correlation-based temperature and emissivity separation algorithm显示文摘Based on analyzing the relationship between the atmospheric downward radiance and surface emis- sivity, this paper proposes a correlation criterion to optimize surface temperature during the process of temperature and emissivity separation from thermal infrared hyperspectral data, and puts forward the correlation-based temperature and emissivity separation algorithm (CBTES). The algorithm uses the correlation between the atmospheric downward radiance and surface emissivity to optimize surface temperature, and obtains surface emissivity with this temperature. The accuracy of CBTES was evalu- ated by the simulated thermal infrared hyperspectral data. The simulated results show that the CBTES can achieve high accuracy of temperature and emissivity inversion. CBTES has been compared with the iterative spectrally smooth temperature/emissivity separation (ISSTES), and the comparison results show that they have relative accuracy. Besides, CBTES is insensitive to the instrumental random noise and the change of atmospheric downward radiance during the measurements. As regards the noniso- thermal pixel, its radiometric temperature changes slowly with the wavenumber when its emissivity is defined as r-emissivity. The CBTES can be used to derive the equivalent temperature of nonisothermal pixel in a narrow spectral region when we assumed that the radiometric temperature is invariable in the narrow spectral region. The derived equivalent temperatures in multi-spectral regions in 714―1250 cm?1 can characterize the change trend of nonisothermal pixel's radiometric temperature. | CHENG Jie LIU QinHuo LI XiaoWen XIAO Qing LIU Qiang DU YongMing | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，3： | 2 |
| 10 | A method to estimate crop effects at higher frequencies by modeling and microwave radiometric data显示文摘To use the Oth-order τ-ω model to retrieve soil moisture from radiometric data at frequencies higher than the C band,the characteristics of the effective single scattering albedo ω and the opacity of vegetation must be studied.In this paper,the ω and τ values of corn for the C,X,and Ku bands were retrieved by matching the simulations of a high-order matrix-doubling model to the τ-ω model.First,the brightness temperature of the matrix-doubling was validated by a truck-mounted radiometer in a field experiment,where the vegetation emission contributions were validated with aluminum foil to mask the soil emission.Then an emissivity database of corn fields for different growing seasons was established for a variety of soil conditions.With the transmissivity of corn determined from the database,the effective single scattering albedos of corn for different heights at the C,X,and Ku bands and at a 55° viewing angle were derived.To verify the accuracy of the derived ω and τ values,we used SMEX02/PSR aircraft data and the Q p model to retrieve the soil moisture;the RMSE between the retrieval and the measurements was 4.76% at the C band and 5.36% at the X band. | ZHANG ZhongJun ZHANG LiXin SUN GuoQing LIU QinHuo | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，7： | 2 |
| 11 | Remote sensing and GIS - based integrated analysis of coastal changes and their environmen- tal impacts in Lingding Bay,Pearl River Estuary, south China显示文摘 | CHEN ShuiSen CHEN Liangfu LIU Qinhuo | 2005 | Ocean & Coastal Management2005，48，： | 1 |
| 12 | Synchronous retrieval of land surface temperature and emissivity显示文摘 | Liu Qinhuo Chen Jiayi | 1998 | Science in China Series D1998，41，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research显示文摘 | Li Xin Li Xiaowen Li Zengyuan Ma Mingguo Wang Jian Xiao Qing Liu Qiang Che Tao Chen Erxue Yan Guangjian Hu Zeyong Zhang Lixin Chu Rongzhong Su Peixi Liu Qinhuo Liu Shaomin Wang Jindi Niu Zheng Chen Yan Jin Rui Wang Weizhen Ran Youhua | 2009 | Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres2009，，22： | 1 |
| 14 | Fine scale optical remote sensing experiment of mixed stand over complex terrain(FOREST)in the Genhe Reserve Area:objective,observation and a case study显示文摘Optical remote sensing allows to efficiently monitor forest ecosystems at regional and global scales.However,most of the widely used optical forward models and backward estimation methods are only suitable for forest canopies in flat areas.To evaluate the recent progress in forest remote sensing over complex terrain,a satellite-airborne-ground synchronous Fine scale Optical Remote sensing Experiment of mixed Stand over complex Terrain(FOREST)was conducted over a 1 km×1 km key experiment area(KEA)located in the Genhe Reserve Areain 2016.Twenty 30 m×30 m elementary sampling units(ESUs)were established to represent the spatiotemporal variations of the KEA.Structural and spectral parameters were simultaneously measured for each ESU.As a case study,we first built two 3D scenes of the KEA with individual-tree and voxel-based approaches,and then simulated the canopy reflectance using the LargE-Scale remote sensing data and image Simulation framework over heterogeneous 3D scenes(LESS).The correlation coefficient between the LESS-simulated reflectance and the airborne-measured reflectance reaches 0.68-0.73 in the red band and 0.56-0.59 in the near-infrared band,indicating a good quality of the experiment dataset.More validation studies of the related forward models and retrieval methods will be done. | Biao Cao Jianbo Qi Erxue Chen Qing Xiao Qinhuo Liu Zengyuan Li | 2021 | International Journal of Digital Earth2021，14，10： | 1 |
| 15 | Parametrized BRDF for atmospheric and topographic correction and albedo estimation in Jiangxi rugged terrain, China显示文摘 | Jianguang Wen Qinhuo Liu Qiang Liu Qing Xiao Xiaowen Li | 2009 | International Journal of Remote Sensing2009，，11： | 1 |
| 16 | Study on the law of radiant directionality of row crops显示文摘 | Chen Liangfu Zhuang Jiali Liu Qinhuo Xu Xiru Tian Guoliang | 2000 | Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences2000，，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Estimating Surface Energy Fluxes Using A Simplified Two-layer Model and Radiometric Surface Temperature Observations显示文摘 | Xiaozhou XIN Qinhuo LIU Guoliang TIAN | 2002 | Journal of Remote Sensing2002，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Study on the law of radiant directionality of row crops显示文摘 | Chen Liangfu Zhuang Jiali Liu Qinhuo Xu Xiru Tian Guoliang | 2000 | Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences2000，，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Clear-sky land surface upward longwave radiation dataset derived from the ABI onboard the GOES-16 satellite显示文摘Surface upward longwave radiation(SULR)is one of the four components of the surface radiation budget,which is defined as the total surface upward radiative flux in the spectral domain of 4-100μm.The SULR is an indicator of surface thermal conditions and greatly impacts weather,climate,and phenology.Big Earth data derived from satellite remote sensing have been an important tool for studying earth science.The Advanced Baseline Imager(ABI)onboard the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite(GOES-16)has greatly improved temporal and spectral resolution compared to the imager sensor of the previous GOES series and is a good data source for the generation of high spatiotemporal resolution SULR.In this study,based on the hybrid SULR estimation method and an upper hemisphere correction method for the SULR dataset,we developed a regional clear-sky land SULR dataset for GOES-16 with a half-hourly resolution for the period from 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2020.The dataset was validated against surface measurements collected at 65 Ameriflux radiation network sites.Compared with the SULR dataset of the Global LAnd Surface Satellite(GLASS)longwave radiation product that is generated from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)onboard the polar-orbiting Terra and Aqua satellites,the ABI/GOES-16 SULR dataset has commensurate accuracy(an RMSE of 15.9 W/m2 vs 19.02 W/m2 and an MBE of−4.4 W/m2 vs−2.57 W/m2),coarser spatial resolution(2 km at nadir vs 1 km resolution),less spatial coverage(most of the Americas vs global),fewer weather conditions(clear-sky vs all-weather conditions)and a greatly improved temporal resolution(48 vs 4 observations a day).The published data are available at http://www.dx.doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.j00076.00062. | Boxiong Qin Biao Cao Zunjian Bian Ruibo Li Hua Li Xueting Ran Yongming Du Qing Xiao Qinhuo Liu | 2021 | Big Earth Data2021，5，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Synchronous retrieval of land surface temperature and emissivity显示文摘 | Liu Qinhuo Chen Jiayi | 1998 | Science in China(Series D)1998，41，6： | 1 |
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