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1A Brief Overview of ChatGPT:The History,Status Quo and Potential Future Development显示文摘ChatG PT,an artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) model developed by OpenAI,has attracted worldwide attention for its capability of dealing with challenging language understanding and generation tasks in the form of conversations.This paper briefly provides an overview on the history,status quo and potential future development of ChatGPT,helping to provide an entry point to think about ChatGPT.Specifically,from the limited open-accessed resources,we conclude the core techniques of ChatGPT,mainly including large-scale language models,in-context learning,reinforcement learning from human feedback and the key technical steps for developing ChatGPT.We further analyze the pros and cons of ChatGPT and we rethink the duality of ChatGPT in various fields.Although it has been widely acknowledged that ChatGPT brings plenty of opportunities for various fields,mankind should still treat and use ChatG PT properly to avoid the potential threat,e.g.,academic integrity and safety challenge.Finally,we discuss several open problems as the potential development of ChatGPT.Tianyu Wu Shizhu He Jingping Liu Siqi Sun Kang Liu Qing-Long Han Yang Tang 2023IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica2023,10,5:18
2Antisense MMP-9 RNA inhibits malignant glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo显示文摘The matrix-degrading metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-9, play important roles in the pathogenesis and development of malignant gliomas. In the present study, the oncogenic role of MMP-9 in malignant glioma cells was investigated via antisense RNA blockade in vitro and in vivo. TJ905 malignant glioma cells were transfected with pcDNA3.0 vector expressing antisense MMP-9 RNA (pcDNA-AS-MMP9), which significantly decreased MMP-9 expression, and cell proliferation was assessed. For in vivo studies, U251 cells, a human malignant glioma cell line, were implanted subcutaneously into 4-to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice. The mice bearing well-established U251 gliomas were treated with intratumoral pcDNA-AS-MMP9-Lipofectamine complex (AS-MMP-9-treated group), subcutaneous injection of endostatin (endostatin-treated group), or both (combined therapy group). Mice treated with pcDNA (empty vector)-Lipofectamine served as the control group. Four or eight weeks later, the volume and weight of tumor, MMP-9 expression, microvessel density and proliferative activity were assayed. We demonstrate that pcDNA-AS-MMP9 significantly decreased MMP-9 expression and inhibited glioma cell proliferation. Volume and weight of tumor, MMP-9 expression, microvessel density and proliferative activity in the antisense-MMP-9-treated and therapeutic alliance groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. The results suggest that MMP-9 not only promotes malignant glioma cell invasiveness, but also affects tumor cell proliferation. Blocking the expression of MMP-9 with antisense RNA substantially suppresses the malignant phenotype of glioma cells, and thus can be used as an effective therapeutic strategy for malignant gliomas.Cuiyun Sun Qian Wang Hongxu Zhou Shizhu Yu Alain R. Simard Chunsheng Kang Yanyan Li Yanling Kong Tongling An Yanjun Wen Fudong Shi Junwei Hao 2013Neuroscience Bulletin2013,29,1:14
3Assessing environmental factors associated with regional schistosomiasis prevalence in Anhui Province,Peoples’Republic of China using a geographical detector method显示文摘Background:Schistosomiasis is a water-borne disease caused by trematode worms belonging to genus Schistosoma,which is prevalent most of the developing world.Transmission of the disease is usually associated with multiple biological characteristics and social factors but also factors can play a role.Few studies have assessed the exact and interactive influence of each factor promoting schistosomiasis transmission.Methods:We used a series of different detectors(i.e.,specific detector,risk detector,ecological detector and interaction detector)to evaluate separate and interactive effects of the environmental factors on schistosomiasis prevalence.Specifically,(i)specific detector quantifies the impact of a risk factor on an observed spatial disease pattern,which were ranked statistically by a value of Power of Determinate(PD)calculation;(ii)risk detector detects high risk areas of a disease on the condition that the study area is stratified by a potential risk factor;(iii)ecological detector explores whether a risk factor is more significant than another in controlling the spatial pattern of a disease;(iv)interaction detector probes whether two risk factors when taken together weaken or enhance one another,or whether they are independent in developing a disease.Infection data of schistosomiasis based on conventional surveys were obtained at the county level from the health authorities in Anhui Province,China and used in combination with information from Chinese weather stations and internationally available environmental data.Results:The specific detector identified various factors of potential importance as follows:Proximity to Yangtze River(0.322)>Land cover(0.285)>sunshine hours(0.256)>population density(0.109)>altitude(0.090)>the normalized different vegetation index(NDVI)(0.077)>land surface temperature at daytime(LST_(day))(0.007).The risk detector indicated that areas of schistosomiasis high risk were located within a buffer distance of 50 km from Yangtze River.The ecological detector disclosed that the factors investigated have significantly different effects.The interaction detector revealed that interaction between the factors enhanced their main effects in most cases.Conclusion:Proximity to Yangtze River had the strongest effect on schistosomiasis prevalence followed by land cover and sunshine hours,while the remaining factors had only weak influence.Interaction between factors played an even more important role in influencing schistosomiasis prevalence than each factor on its own.High risk regions influenced by strong interactions need to be targeted for disease control intervention.Yi Hu Congcong Xia Shizhu Li Michael PWard Can Luo Fenghua Gao Qizhi Wang Shiqing Zhang Zhijie Zhang 2017Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017,6,1:9
4Nano-tribological properties and mechanisms of the liquid crystal as an additive显示文摘Under conditions of low speed, small viscosity and molecularly smooth tribe-surfaces, the behavior of lubricant film in the nano scale is different from that in elas-tohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) and boundary lubrication (BL). Due to the size effect, long-range ordered structure of liquid crystal (LC) has great effects on the tribological properties and film-forming mechanism of thin film in the nano scale. The technique of relative optical interference intensity (ROII) was used to investigate nano-tribological properties when cholesteryl LCs are added to hexadecane. The results indicate that the practical film thickness of hexadecane with liquid crystal is 3-5 times as large as that expected from EHL theory in the low speed region. The film thickness increases with the enhancement in polarity and concentration of LC in hexadecane, and external DC voltage. The effective viscosity of lubricant is related to the film thickness and the voltage and it varies from bulk viscosity to several times or tensMingwu Shen Jianbin Luo Shizhu Wen Junbin Yao 2001Chinese Science Bulletin2001,46,14:8
5PREPARATION OF NANOSIZED METAL-OXIDE ULTRAFINE POWDERS BY ATOMIZING-COMBUSTION TECHNIQUE显示文摘Thenanosizedmetal-oxideofTin(Sn),Indium(In),Bismuth(Bi)andsoonarehighqualityce-ramicmaterials.Asthelateststudieshaveshown,pro...Chen Shizhu Yin Zhimin (Department of Materials Science and Technology,Central South University of Technology,Changsha 410083,China) 1998Journal of Central South University1998,10,2:7
6Nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine:small change brings big difference显示文摘The physicist Richard Feynman put forward the concept of nanotechnology in his famous speech,'There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom,'at the annual meeting of the American Physical Society on December 29,1959.He began with a'bottom up'approach and proposed assembling from a single molecule or even an atom to meet the requirements of the design.He indicated that the laws of physics do not rule out the possibility of making an object by atom stackShizhu Chen Xing-Jie Liang 2018Science China(Life Sciences)2018,61,4:7
7Hydration-Enhanced Lubricating Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes Prevent Tissue Adhesion显示文摘Lubrication is the key to efficient function of human tissues and has significant impact on the comfort level.However,the construction of a lubricating nanofibrous membrane has not been reported as yet,especially using a one-step surface modification method.Here,bioinspired by the superlubrication mechanism of articular cartilage,we successfully construct hydration-enhanced lubricating nanofibers via one-step in situ grafting of a copolymer synthesized by dopamine methacrylamide(DMA)and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine(MPC)onto electrospun polycaprolactone(PCL)nanofibers.The zwitterionic MPC structure provides the nanofiber surface with hydration lubrication behavior.The coefficient of friction(COF)of the lubricating nanofibrous membrane decreases significantly and is approximately 65%less than that of pure PCL nanofibers,which are easily worn out under friction regardless of hydration.The lubricating nanofibers,however,show favorable wear-resistance performance.Besides,they possess a strong antiadhesion ability of fibroblasts compared with pure PCL nanofibers.The cell density decreases approximately 9-fold,and the cell area decreases approximately 12 times on day 7.Furthermore,the in vivo antitendon adhesion data reveals that the lubricating nanofiber group has a significantly lower adhesion score and a better antitissue adhesion.Altogether,our developed hydration-enhanced lubricating nanofibers show promising applications in the biomedical field such as antiadhesive membranes.Liang Cheng Yi Wang Guoming Sun Shizhu Wen Lianfu Deng Hongyu Zhang Wenguo Cui 2020Research2020,,1:6
8Estrogen and insulin synergistically promote endometrial cancer progression via crosstalk between their receptor signaling pathways显示文摘Objective: Despite evidence that estrogens and insulin are involved in the development and progression of many cancers, their synergistic role in endometrial carcinoma(EC) has not been analyzed yet.Methods: Here, we investigated how estrogens act synergistically with insulin to promote EC progression. Cell growth in vitro and in vivo, effects of estradiol and insulin on apoptosis and cell cycle distribution, and expression and activation of estrogen receptor(ER), insulin receptor(InsR), and key proteins in the PI3K and MAPK pathways were examined after combined stimulation with estradiol and insulin.Results: Compared to EC cells treated with estradiol or insulin alone, those treated with both estradiol and insulin exhibited stronger stimulation. Estradiol significantly induced phosphorylation of InsR-β and IRS-1, whereas insulin significantly induced phosphorylation of ER-α. In addition, treatment with both insulin and estradiol together significantly increased the expression and phosphorylation of Akt, MAPK, and ERK. Notably, InsR-β inhibition had a limited effect on estradiol-dependent proliferation,cell cycle, and apoptosis, whereas ER-α inhibition had a limited insulin-dependent effect, in EC cell lines. Insulin and estradiol individually and synergistically promoted EC xenograft growth in mice.Conclusions: Estrogen and insulin play synergistic roles in EC carcinogenesis and progression by activating InsR-β and ER-α,promoting a crosstalk between them, and thereby resulting in the activation of downstream PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways.Wenyan Tian Fei Teng Jinping Gao Chao Gao Guoyan Liu Yanfang Zhang Shizhu Yu Wei Zhang Yingmei Wang Fengxia Xue 2019Cancer Biology & Medicine2019,16,1:6
9Variation in Summer Surface Air Temperature over Northeast Asia and Its Associated Circulation Anomalies显示文摘This study investigates the interannual variation of summer surface air temperature over Northeast Asia(NEA) and its associated circulation anomalies.Two leading modes for the temperature variability over NEA are obtained by EOF analysis.The first EOF mode is characterized by a homogeneous temperature anomaly over NEA and therefore is called the NEA mode.This anomaly extends from southeast of Lake Baikal to Japan,with a central area in Northeast China.The second EOF mode is characterized by a seesaw pattern,showing a contrasting distribution between East Asia(specifically including the Changbai Mountains in Northeast China,Korea,and Japan) and north of this region.This mode is named the East Asia(EA) mode.Both modes contribute equivalently to the temperature variability in EA.The two leading modes are associated with different circulation anomalies.A warm NEA mode is associated with a positive geopotential height anomaly over NEA and thus a weakened upper-tropospheric westerly jet.On the other hand,a warm EA mode is related to a positive height anomaly over EA and a northward displaced jet.In addition,the NEA mode tends to be related to the Eurasian teleconnection pattern,while the EA mode is associated with the East Asia-Pacific/PacificJapan pattern.Wei CHEN Xiaowei HONG Riyu LU Aifen JIN Shizhu JIN Jae-Cheol NAM Jin-Ho SHIN Tae-Young GOO Baek-Jo KIM 2016Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2016,33,1:6
10Assessment of the Transmission Risk of Schistosomiasis after Flooding-North Poyang Lake,Jiangxi Province,China,2020显示文摘What is already known about this topic?Over 90%of Oncomelania snails,the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum,are distributed in the middle and low reaches of Yangtze River.Flooding can extend the distribution of Oncomelania snails and hence accelerate the transmission of schistosomiasis.What is added by this report?Although the dispersal of Oncomelania snails was negligible in north Poyang Lake after flooding in 2020,2 samples of cattle feces with Schistosoma egg and 2 infected snails samples were indeed found.All four risk sites were distributed in Lushan County.Cattle feces were observed in the six out of seven field sites in Lushan County.What are the implications for public health practice?The present national control strategy focusing on control of infection source should be reinforced in Lushan and other schistosomiasis endemic areas.Overlaps of infected snails and cattle feces with Schistosoma egg were not observed,which called for intensive surveillance in Lushan County.Shan Lv Fan Yang Zhiqiang Qin Chunli Cao Jing Xu Shizhu Li Xiao-nong Zhou 2021China CDC weekly2021,3,5:5
11Rapid Assessment on Potential Risks of Schistosomiasis Transmission—7 PLADs,China,2019 and 2021显示文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Oncomelania hupensis(O.hupensis)and livestock are main infection sources of schistosomiasis.The schistosome infected O.hupensis and livestock’s feces are important risk factors in the transmission of schistosomiasis.What is added by this report?The potential risks of schistosomiasis transmission remain prevalent,giving an early warning to local government with information on existing transmission risks.It is expected that the effectiveness and efficiency of schistosomiasis surveillance could be improved by conducting rapid risk assessment at the beginning of transmission season.Junyi He Hongqing Zhu Ziping Bao Lijuan Zhang Yinlong Li Ting Feng Suying Guo Wangping Deng Can Wang Hui Dang Tiewu Jia Chao Lyu Zhiqiang Qin Chunli Cao Jing Xu Shizhu Li Xiaonong Zhou 2021China CDC weekly2021,3,51:5
12Visceral Leishmaniasis--China,2015−2019显示文摘What is already known about this topic?Visceral leishmaniasis(VL)is an important vectorborne disease in rural areas of western China.The spreading of VL made its prevention and control become more complicated.What is added by this report?The number of VL cases decreased from 2015(n=498)to 2019(n=166).However,the mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(MT-ZVL)cases increased from 2015(n=82,16.5%)to 2019(n=122,73.5%).In addition,both number and proportion of imported cases increased from 2015(n=18,3.6%)to 2019(n=41,24.7%).The re-emergence of MT-ZVL was considerable;13 historically-endemic counties reported 48 indigenous cases.Infants and young children were the high risk population of VL(848,62.4%)followed by farmers(303,22.3%).What are the implications for public health practice?Both MT-ZVL and imported cases showed an increasing trend in China.Therefore,two actions are needed to control VL:1)to prevent re-emergence and spreading of MT-ZVL;and 2)to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment to avoid fatal VL cases,especially in non-endemic areas.Zhengbin Zhou Shan Lyu Yi Zhang Yuanyuan Li Shizhu Li Xiao-nong Zhou 2020China CDC weekly2020,2,33:4
13Study of lubrication behavior of pure water for hydrophobic friction pair显示文摘The perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane molecular layer was self-assembled on glass plate. The tribological properties of the molecular layer in water were studied with the method of ball on disk. An interesting phenomenon was found that low friction coefficients of 0.02―0.08 were obtained when the friction pair was lubricated with only a water droplet. Whereas, when the friction pair was encircled with large amount of water or fully immersed in water, the friction coefficient was higher than that under a droplet lubrication. A mechanism of water droplet lubrication was proposed that the surface tension caused by the solid-liquid-air three-phase interface makes water molecules enter into the contact zone, which separates the two friction surfaces and provides a low friction coefficient. However, water film can hardly form when more water encircles the friction pair, due to the attraction between water molecules.MA ZhiZuo ZHANG ChenHui LIU ShuHai LUO JianBin LU XinChun WEN ShiZhu 2009Science China(Technological Sciences)2009,52,11:4
14T-S Fuzzy Remote Sensing Monitoring Model of Snail Distribution by Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 Data显示文摘Approximately half of the world’s population is at the risk of at least one vector-borne parasitic disease.The survival of intermediate hosts of vector-borne parasitic diseases is governed by various environmental factors,and remote sensing can be used to characterize and monitor environmental factors related to intermediate host breeding and reproduction,and become a powerful means to monitor the vector-borne parasitic diseases.Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that menaces human health.Oncomelaniahupensis(snail)is the unique intermediate host of Schistosoma,so monitoring and controlling the number of snail is key to reduce the risk of schistosomiasis transmission.In this paper,Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel 2 MSI data had been used to obtain the environmental factors(vegetation,soil,temperature,terrain et al.),which are related to the multiplying and transmission of intermediate host.Then this study used T-S(Takagi-Sugeno)Fuzzy RS model to establish a new suitable index membership function due to the different RS data,and a long time series monitoring of snail distribution in Dongting Lake from 2014 to 2018 was achieved.A comparative analysis was performed to validate the predicted results against the field survey data.The results demonstrated the accuracy of the developed model in predicting the distribution of snails.Zhaoyan LIU Lingli TANG Chuanrong LI Shang XIA Jingbo XUE Shizhu LI Xiaonong ZHOU 2020Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science2020,3,4:4
15Reappearance of Risk of Schistosomiasis Transmission and the Response After 27 Years of Interrupted Transmission—Guangdong Province,China,2019显示文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?No live specimens of the snail Oncomelania hupensis(O.hupensis)and indigenous infected cases of schistosomiasis japonicum have been found in Guangdong Province since 1993,but live O.hupensis was found again in 2019.This study conducted O.hupensis identification and elimination.What is added by this report?In 2019,live O.hupensis specimens were detected by routine surveillance in areas in Qujiang of Shaoguan City and Yingde of Qingyuan City,and an emergency response was launched immediately.Shaoyu Huang Qiang Mao Qili Zhong Xiuhong Fan Weiquan Li Yonghua Rao Fuquan Pei Shizhu Li Zhuohui Deng 2021China CDC weekly2021,3,51:4
16Study on hydrodynmic lubrication with second-order thed (Ⅰ)——Basic equations显示文摘First, the basic equations for solving one dimensional lubrication problem are derivedfrom the full second-order fluid constitutive equations. Then, the Reynolds’ boundary conditionsare introduced to solve the problems of a journal bearing and the solution with Reynolds boundarycondition for the second-order fluid is given to compare with the solution with Sommerfeld bound-ary condition. Finally, the equations for the slider and journal bearing lubrication are presented.HUANG Ping Li Zhiheng MENG Yonggang WEN Shizhu 1. Mechatronic Engineering Department, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China 2. National Tribology Laboratory, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2001Science China Mathematics2001,44,S1:4
17Study on hydrodynamic lubrication with second-order fluid (Ⅱ)——Numerical Analysis显示文摘The basic lubrication equations are used to calculate two kinds of lubrications examples,a plane inclined slider and a journal bearing respectively. In the calculation of the journal bearing,the Reynolds’ boundary conditions are used. In the calculation, it is found that the load carryingcapacities of the slider and the journal are of different tendencies with increase in Deborah number.Furthermore, the results show that with decrease in the film thickness the increase in the normalstress of second-order fluid is greater than that of Newtonian fluid. Finally, it is found that the dis-tribution of the normal stress changes significantly at a certain thickness.Li Zhiheng HUANG Ping MENG Yonggang WEN Shizhu 1. Mechatronic Engineering Department, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China 2. National Tribology Laboraory, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2001Science China Mathematics2001,44,S1:4
18Investigation of X-1P coating on magnetic head to enhance the stubility of head/disk interface显示文摘Stable lubrication is essential to slider/disk interface of computer hard disk drive. Inertlubricant perfluoropolyether (PFPE) on magnetic hard disk in computer is still prone to catalyticdecomposition by Al2O3, which is one of the materials in slider. A partial fluorinated hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene chemical, X-1 P, was analyzed to research on its function to reduce the cata-lytic decomposition of lubricant. The surface free energy of X-1 P coated on head surface was alsoinvestigated. Contact start-stop (CSS) tester was employed to investigate the reflow effective ofX-1 P on lubricant PFPE. Results indicate that thermal stability and reflow of lubricant will be im-proved in the presence of X-1 P on the slider.YANG Mingchu LUO Jianbin WEN Shizhu ZHANG Xiaoqing LI Yu I. Yagi TIAN Hong 1. State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, China 2. Material & Tribology Engineering Department, SAE Magnetics (H. K.) Ltd, Hong Kong, China 2001Science China Mathematics2001,44,S1:4
19Internet-based collaborative pseudo-dynamic testing of multi-span bridge structure显示文摘In this paper, the first Internet-based collaborative pseudo-dynamic testing of a multi-span bridge system in China's Mainland is presented in detail, which has been carried out by the collaboration of Hunan University (HNU), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) and Tsinghua University (TU) in China's Mainland, and the University of Southern California (USC) in the USA. The prototype system of Russion River Bridge at Southern California in America is illustrated. Different testing specimens, testing equipments and substructure boundary conditions at HNU and HIT laboratories are described. A network protocol platform for collaborative pseudo-dynamic testing, called NetSLab, and some function modules developed on the use of its standardized interface are introduced. Aiming at the MTS system widely used in structural testing, two approaches are presented to implement the communication interface between NetSLab and testing equipment, respectively, studied by HNU and HIT. The integrated networked testing system and collaborative testing procedures are presented. The testing results manifest that the networked collaborative testing system with powerful capability provides a testing platform with good coordination for complex models or actual structures, and achieves remote sharing of testing equipments.Dapeng Wang a, Shizhu Tiana, Xinjiang Caia, Yunlei Fan b, Yan Xiaob,c a School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China b School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China c Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA 2009Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2009,19,5:4
20Cyanobacteria-based near-infrared light-excited self-supplying oxygen system for enhanced photodynamic therapy of hypoxic tumors显示文摘Tumor hypoxia has been considered to induce tumor cell resistance to radiotherapy and anticancer chemotherapy,as well as predisposing for increased tumor metastases.Therefore,strategies for the eradication of the hypoxic tumor are highly desirable.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is a new technique that can be used to treat tumors using laser irradiation to photochemically activate a photosensitizer.Compared to traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy,photodynamic therapy has many advantages,such as good selectivity,low toxicity,and less trauma and resistance.However,PDT is oxygen-dependent,and the lack of oxygen in hypoxic tumors renders photodynamic therapy ineffective.Cyanobacteria,the earliest photosynthetic oxygen-generating organisms,can utilize water as an electron donor to reduce CO_(2) into organic carbon compounds along with continuously releasing oxygen under sunlight.Inspired by this,herein,cyanobacteria were used as a living carrier of photosensitizer conjugated upconversion nanoparticles(UCNP)to construct a self-supplying oxygen PDT system.Improvement in the PDT efficiency for hypoxic tumors can be achieved as a result of in situ oxygen production by cyanobacteria under near-infrared(NIR)light using UCNP as a light harvesting antenna.A successful demonstration of this concept would be of great significance and could open the door to a new generation of carrier systems in the field of hypoxia-targeted drug transport platforms.Yinghua Zhang Huifang Liu Xinyue Dai Hang Li Xiaohan Zhou Shizhu Chen Jinchao Zhang Xing-Jie Liang Zhenhua Li 2021Nano Research2021,14,3:4
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