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| 1 | Urban expansion in China and its effect on cultivated land before and after initiating'Reform and Open Policy'显示文摘Urbanization in China has expanded at an unprecedented speed since the declaration of 'Reform and Open Policy'and presented many challenges. Unbalanced regional development, appearance of super megacities and concomitant problems,and conflicts between urbanization and cultivated land protection are three critical problems that Chinese urbanization has to face. To develop new plans for foreseeable future urbanization in China, it is critical to understand the evolving history of cities across China. This study maps urban expansion of 60 typical Chinese cities based on large amount of remote sensing data and the labor-intensive image interpretation method, in order to understand the history of urban expansion from the 1970 s to 2013.Results showed that area of cities expanded 5.23 times compared to their area in the 1970 s. Urban expansion in China accelerated three times(1988–1996, 1999–2006, and 2009–2011) and decelerated three times(1997–1998, 2007–2008, and 2012–2013) over the 40 years. The urban area of South China expanded most significantly 9.42 times, while the urban area in Northeast China expanded only 2.37 times. The disparity among different administrative ranks of cities was even greater than(3.81 times) the differences among different regions. Super megacities have been continuously expanding at a fast rate(8.60-fold), and have not shown obvious signs of slowing down. The proportion of cultivated land among the land sources for urban expansion decreased to a small extent in the 1990 s, but cultivated land continues to be the major land source for urban expansion. Effective future urbanization needs controlling the expansion scale of large cities and reasonably developing medium and small cities, as well as balancing regional development. | ZHANG ZengXiang WEN QingKe LIU Fang ZHAO XiaoLi LIU Bin XU JinYong YI Ling HU ShunGuang WANG Xiao ZUO LiJun LI Na LI MinMin SHI LiFeng ZENG Tian JU HongRun | 2016 | Science China Earth Sciences2016，59，10： | 12 |
| 2 | Large aperture N31 neodymium phosphate laser glass for use in a high power laser facility显示文摘Large aperture Nd:phosphate laser glass is a key optical element for an inertial confinement fusion(ICF) facility. N31,one type of neodymium doped phosphate glasses, was developed for high peak power laser facility applications in China. The composition and main properties of N31 glass are given, together with those of LHG-8, LG-770, and KGSS-0180 Nd:phosphate laser glasses, from Hoya and Schott, and from Russia. The technologies of pot melting, continuous melting, and edge cladding of large size N31 phosphate laser glass are briefly described. The small signal gain profiles of N31 glass slabs from both pot melting and continuous melting at various values of the pumping energy of the xenon lamp are presented. N31 glass is characterized by a stimulated emission cross section of 3.8 × 10-20cm2 at 1053 nm,an absorption coefficient of 0.10–0.15% cm-1at laser wavelength, small residual stress around the interface between the cladding glass and the laser glass, optical homogeneity of ~2 × 10-6in a 400 mm aperture, and laser damage threshold larger than 42 J/cm2 for a 3 ns pulse width at 1064 nm wavelength. | Lili Hu Shubin Chen Jingping Tang Biao Wang Tao Meng Wei Chen Lei Wen Junjiang Hu Shunguang Li Yongchun Xu Yasi Jiang Junzhou Zhang Zhonghong Jiang | 2014 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2014，2，1： | 8 |
| 3 | Spatial Differences of Coastal Urban Expansion in China from 1970s to 2013显示文摘As the ′economic engines′ of China,coastal cities have developed and expanded considerably since the 1970 s.In this study,information on the urban expansion process of Chinese coastal cities from the 1970 s to 2013 was retrieved.Through the analysis of stage characteristics,spatial expansion modes,influences on land use,centroid shifts,and spatial morphological evolutions,the spatial differences of coastal urban expansion were revealed.Results indicate that 1) the expansion stages of southern coastal cities are more complex than those of northern coastal cities,and the expansion ranges and speeds of the former are far higher than those of the latter;2) the spatial expansion of southern coastal cities mostly adopt a single mode,whereas northern coastal cities mostly adopt a mixed mode;3) significant spatial differences in the occupations of different land sources exist between the south and the north along the coastline;4) the centroid of coastal cities tends to migrate toward the coastline,and the centroid shift distances of southern coastal cities are clearly higher than those of northern coastal cities;and 5) the spatial morphology of southern coastal cities tends to be compact,whereas that of northern coastal cities tends to be loose.Policies have a powerful significance in terms of guiding urban expansion and its spatial differences in coastal cities.Urban expansion in coastal cities will encounter new opportunities and challenges under the guidance of new types of urbanization strategies. | SHI Lifeng LIU Fang ZHANG Zengxiang ZHAO Xiaoli LIU Bin XU Jinyong WEN Qingke YI Ling HU Shunguang | 2015 | Chinese Geographical Science2015，25，4： | 7 |
| 4 | Urban Expansion in China Based on Remote Sensing Technology:A Review显示文摘Urban areas and its evolution are important anthropogenic indicators and human ecological footprints, and play decisive roles in environmental change analysis, global geo-conditional monitoring, and sustainable development. China has the highest rate of urban expansion and has emerged as an urban expansion hotspot worldwide. In this paper, the progress of studies on Chinese urban expansion based on remote sensing technology are summarized and analyzed from the aspects of urban area definition, remotely sensed imagery applied in urban expansion, monitoring methods of urban expansion, and urban expansion applications. Existing issues and future directions of Chinese urban expansion are discussed and proposed. Results indicate that: 1) The fusion of multi-source remotely sensed imagery is imperative to meet the needs of urban expansion with various monitoring terms and frequencies on different scales and dimensions. 2) To guarantee the classification accuracy and efficiency and describe urban expansion and its influences on local land use simultaneously, the combination of visual interpretation and automatic classification is the tendency of future monitoring methods of urban areas. 3) Urban expansion data have become the prerequisite for recognizing the urban development process, excavating its driving forces, simulating and predicting the future development directions, and also is conducive to revealing and explaining urban ecological and environmental issues. 4) In the past decades, Chinese scholars have promoted the application of remote sensing technology in the urban expansion field, with data construction, methods and models developing from the quotation stage to improvement and innovation stage; however, an independent and consistent urban expansion data on the national scale with long-term and high-frequency(such as annual monitoring) monitoring is still lacking. | ZHANG Zengxiang LIU Fang ZHAO Xiaoli WANG Xiao SHI Lifeng XU Jinyong YU Sisi WEN Qingke ZUO Lijun YI Ling HU Shunguang LIU Bin | 2018 | Chinese Geographical Science2018，28，5： | 6 |
| 5 | Extraction of Basic Trends of Urban Expansion in China over Past 40 Years from Satellite Images显示文摘If urban sprawl is to be avoided in China in the next ten years, it is not only crucial to understand the overall history, current status, and future trends of urban expansion there, but also these differences, and this is presently lacking. In this study, remotely sensed images with approximately 30 m spatial resolution were used to quantitatively assess the spatial and temporal patterns of urban expansion of 60 Chinese cities(1973–2013). Urban-expansion-process curves of the cities studied were drawn using annual expansion area as an indicator. Curve similarity analysis generated four basic process modes of urban expansion in China. These included cities that: 1) peaked around 2004 and then decelerated; 2) peaked around 2010 and then decelerated; 3) showed sustained acceleration, and 4) showed continued deceleration. Four basic process modes represented cities under different levels of development stage. Geographic location was found to be the most related characteristic to urban expansion process. Regional development policies at the national level in each region also showed highly temporal consistency with fluctuation characteristics of urban expansion process. Urban characteristic such as population size and administrative level were not found to be significantly related to urban expansion-process modes. Understanding the basic process-mode categories well is extremely important for future regional-balance planning and development of macroeconomic policies. | WEN Qingke ZHANG Zengxiang SHI Lifeng ZHAO Xiaoli LIU Fang XU Jinyong YI Ling LIU Bin WANG Xiao ZUO Lijun HU Shunguang LI Na LI Minmin | 2016 | Chinese Geographical Science2016，26，2： | 4 |
| 6 | City Size Distribution and Its Spatiotemporal Evolution in China显示文摘Based on the National Land Use/Cover Database of China(NLUD-C) in the end of the 1980s(the 1980s,hereafter), 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010, 665 cities were selected to study the size distribution and its changes of urban lands in China. In this study, the spatiotemporal evolutions of urban land size distribution as well as the influence of administrative-level on these cities were explored by combining urban spatial positions and administrative-levels. Results indicate that: 1) City size distribution using urban lands was more practical and reasonable than using non-agricultural population. 2) In the 1980s, cities with ascending urban land rank were centralized in Eastern China, specially the Changjiang(Yangtze) River Delta, the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Cities in Central, Western, and Northeast China mainly indicated descending urban land rank. 3) The transfer of national development focus resulted in cities with ascending urban land rank becoming evenly distributed nationwide; however, this trend was slightly centralized around Chengdu, Chongqing, and Wuhan in different periods. 4) During the 1980s to 2010, the proportion of cities with ascending urban land rank in provincial capitals, municipalities, and special administrative regions(high-level cities, hereafter) was consistently higher than those in prefecture- and county-level cities except for 2005–2010. The ranks of the majority of the prefecture- and county-level cities were mainly descending, supported by ascending; the proportion of cities with unchanged rank is small. This study breaks through the bottleneck of traditional research in the area of city size distribution by examining urban land replacing the non-agricultural population. The current study also provides scientific explanation for the healthy and reasonable development of urban land as well as the coordinated development of population urbanization and land urbanization. | SHI Lifeng ZHANG Zengxiang LIU Fang ZHAO Xiaoli WANG Xiao LIU Bin HU Shunguang WEN Qingke ZUO Lijun YI Ling XU Jinyong | 2016 | Chinese Geographical Science2016，26，6： | 4 |
| 7 | Urban Expansion of China from the 1970s to 2020 Based on Remote Sensing Technology显示文摘Based on Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) technology,urban expansion of 75 cities in China from the 1970s to 2020 was reconstructed by visual-interpretation method,which described the growing process of urban lands and its influences on local land use structures synchronously.By employing annual expansion area per city and urban expansion density,spatial-temporal characteristics and macro patterns of urban expansion were analyzed from the aspects of regional-distributions,administrative-levels and population-sizes comprehensively.Results indicate that:1) urban expansion in China was universal,distinct,persistent,periodic and fluctuating.In the past five decades,urban lands of 75 monitored cities in China expanded dramatically from 3606.26 km2 to 30 521.13 km2.2) Though urban expansion presented significant differences from the aspects of regional distribution,administrative levels,and population sizes,it exhibited a deceleration trend in the 13th Five-Year Plan among all kinds of cities.3) Cultivated lands were the first land resource for urban expansion,and 55.17% of newly-expanded urban lands appeared by encroaching this land use type.China’s urban expansion has caused sustained pressure on cultivated land protection,especially in super megacities,and the contradiction between urban expansion and cultivated land protection will always exist.4) The compactness of urban lands in China increased before 1987 and reduced in the next three decades,which was consistent with the implementation of major policies and the deployment of national strategies,and is expected to become compact with a stopping declining or even rebounding after the 13th Five-Year Plan. | LIU Fang ZHANG Zengxiang ZHAO Xiaoli LIU Bin WANG Xiao YI Ling ZUO Lijun XU Jinyong HU Shunguang SUN Feifei WANG Yafei | 2021 | Chinese Geographical Science2021，31，5： | 2 |
| 8 | Spectral and Lasing Properties of Er^(3+0/Yb^(3+) Co-Doped Phosphate Glasses Pumped by LD显示文摘Er~ 3+/Yb~ 3+ phosphate glasses were fabricated. According to McCumber theory, the stimulated emission cross-section of Er~ 3+ ions at 1533 nm was calculated on the basis of absorption spectrum, and 0.84×10~ -20 cm^2 is derived, the fluorescence lifetime of ~4I_ 13/2 level is 8.5 ms. An Er~ 3+/Yb~ 3+ co-doped phosphate glass CW laser pumped by LD was demonstrated at room temperature. The maximum output power is 80 mW and slope efficiency is 16.5%. | Zhao Shilong Xu Shiqing Li Shunguang Chen Baoyu Hu Lili | 2005 | Journal of Rare Earths2005，23，5： | 2 |
| 9 | Controlling spatiotemporal chaos via small external forces显示文摘 | He Kaifen Huang Zuqia | 1999 | Phys Lett1999，260，： | 1 |
| 10 | 1.3 μm Emission from Nd^(3+)-doped Tellurite Glass Fiber显示文摘1 wt pct Nd2O3-doped tellurite bulk glass and fiber with the same composition of 75TeO2-15ZnO-5Na2O-5Li2O (molfraction, %) were fabricated. Judd-Ofelt analysis was carried out for the bulk. The emission from the 4F3/2→4I13/2 transition in fiber is at 1.33 μm wavelength with a spectral bandwidth of 55 nm, which is similar to that in bulk. In the case of the fiber, the lifetime of 4F3/2 level is 164μs, and the quantum efficiency is ~100%. The figure-of-merit for gain (σoT0) for Nd3+-doped tellurite glass is about 2.8×10-24 cm2.s, which is quite comparable with that in Nd3+-doped fluoroaluminate glasses, and is an order of magnitude larger than pr3+-doped fluoride glasses. | Shixun DAI, Junjie ZHANG, Shunguang LI, Jianhu YANG, Shiqing XU, Guonian WANG and Lili HUShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China | 2004 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2004，20，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Preparation and ASE Spectrum of a Single-Mode Erbium Doped Tellurite Glass Fiber with D-type Cladding Geometry显示文摘Based on the host of tellurite glasses, the glass formation, preform manufacture, and fiber fabrication are described. The characterization of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from this newly fabricated single-mode Er3+-dopedtellurite fibers is also presented. When pumped at 980 nm, a very broad erbium ASE around 1.53μm was observed. The variations of ASE with fiber length and pumping power are measured and discussed. The output of 2 mW from Er3+-doped tellurite fiber ASE source was obtained under the pump power of 660 mW. | Junjie ZHANG, Shixun DAI, Guonian WANG, Shiqing XU, Shunguang LI and Lili HUShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China | 2004 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2004，20，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel 4-Phenoxyquinoline Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents显示文摘 | HU Hao JIANG Mingyan XIE Lijun HU Gang ZHANG Cuirong ZHANG Lixia ZHOU Shunguang ZHANG Meihui GONG Ping | 2015 | Chemical Research in Chinese Universities2015，31，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Controlling spatiotemporal chaos via small external forces显示文摘 | Wu Shunguang He Kaifen Huang Zuqia | 1999 | Phys Lett A1999，260，： | 1 |
| 14 | 显示文摘 | Dai Shixun Yang Jianhu Li Shunguang | 2003 | ACTA OPTICA SINICA2003，23，1： | 1 |
| 15 | 显示文摘 | Li Jiacheng Hu Hefeng Li Shunguang | 2003 | Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society2003，21，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Controlling spatiotemporal chaos via small external forces显示文摘 | Wu Shunguang He Kaifen Huang Zuqia | 1999 | Phys Lett1999，260，： | 1 |
| 17 | Enhanced 2<ce:hsp sp='0.25'/>μm emission of Yb–Ho doped fluorophosphates glass显示文摘 | Meng Wang Chunlei Yu Dongbing He Suya Feng Shunguang Li Liyan Zhang Junjie Zhang Lili Hu | 2010 | Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids2010，，11： | 1 |
| 18 | Effect of Tb 3+ concentration and sensitization of Ce 3+ on luminescence properties of terbium doped phosphate scintillating glass显示文摘 | Dongbing He Chunlei Yu Jimeng Cheng Shunguang Li Lili Hu | 2010 | Journal of Alloys and Compounds2010，，5： | 1 |
| 19 | 显示文摘 | Liu Zhengwei Yang Jianhu Li Shunguang | 2003 | Spectroscopy and Spectral Ananlysis2003，23，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Emission Properties of Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+) Doped TeO_2-WO_3-ZnO Glasses for Broadband Optical Amplifiers显示文摘The YbS+/Er3+ doped TeO2-WO3-ZnO glasses were prepared. The absorption spectra, emission spectra and fluorescence lifetime of Era+ at 1.5μm, excited by 970 nm were measured. The influence of Er2Oa, Yb2Oa and Ohcontents on emission properties of Era+ at 1.5 μm was investigated. The optimum doping concentrations for Era+and Yba+ is around 3.34× 1020 ions/cma and 6.63×1020 ions/cma, respectively. The peak emission cross section is 0.83~0.87 pm2. With the increasing concentration of Yba+, the FWHM of Era+ emission at 1.5 μm in the glass increases from 77 nm to 83 nm. The results show that Yba+/Era+ doped meO2-Woa-ZnO glasses are promising candidate for Era+-doped broadband optical amplifier. | Jiacheng LP, Shunguang LI, Hefang HU and Fuxi GANShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O.Box 800-211, Shanghai 201800, China | 2004 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2004，20，2： | 0 |
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