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| 1 | Biochemical mechanisms in drug-induced liver injury:Certainties and doubts显示文摘Drug-induced liver injury is a significant and still unresolved clinical problem.Limitations to knowledge about the mechanisms of toxicity render incomplete the detection of hepatotoxic potential during preclinical development.Several xenobiotics are lipophilic substances and their transformation into hydrophilic compounds by the cytochrome P-450 system results in production of toxic metabolites.Aging,preexisting liver disease,enzyme induction or inhibition,genetic variances,local O2 supply and,above all,the intrinsic molecular properties of the drug may affect this process.Necrotic death follows antioxidant consumption and oxidation of intracellular proteins,which determine increased permeability of mitochondrial membranes,loss of potential,decreased ATP synthesis,inhibition of Ca2+-dependent ATPase,reduced capability to sequester Ca2+ within mitochondria,and membrane bleb formation.Conversely,activation of nucleases and energetic participation of mitochondria are the main intracellular mechanisms that lead to apoptosis.Non-parenchymal hepatic cells are inducers of hepatocellular injury and targets for damage.Activation of the immune system promotes idiosyncratic reactions that result in hepatic necrosis or cholestasis,in which different HLA genotypes might play a major role.This review focuses on current knowledge of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury and recent advances on newly discovered mechanisms of liver damage.Future perspectives including new frontiers for research are discussed. | Ignazio Grattagliano Leonilde Bonfrate Catia V Diogo Helen H Wang David QH Wang Piero Portincasa | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，39： | 30 |
| 2 | Hepatocellular carcinoma redirects to ketolysis for progression under nutrition deprivation stress显示文摘癌症房间以他们的能力著名给新陈代谢的小径换新电线在各种各样的压力条件下面支持幸存和增长。尽管在肝生产了,酉同类身体没在正常的成年的肝房间被消费。我们这里发现酉同类分解代谢或 ketolysis 在 hepatocellular 被重新激活在营养剥夺条件下面的癌(HCC ) 房间。机械学地, 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (OXCT1 ) ,其表情在正常的成年的肝纸巾被压制的限制率的 ketolytic 酶,被浆液重新导致被触发饥饿的 mTORC2-AKT-SP1 在 HCC 房间发信号。而且,我们观察到在 HCC 的那提高的 ketolysis 为 AMPK 激活的压抑是批评的并且保护 HCC 房间免受过多的 autophagy 的伤害,从而提高肿瘤生长。重要地,临床的 HCC 样品的分析表明那增加的 OXCT1 表情预言更高耐心的死亡。一起拿,我们这里揭开剥夺营养的 HCC 房间为精力由采用酉同类身体的新奇新陈代谢的改编供应和癌症前进。 | De Huang Tingting Li Lin Wang Long Zhang Ronghui Yan Kui Li Songge Xing Gongwei Wu Lan Hu Weidong Jia Sheng-Cai Lin Chi V Dang Libing Song Ping Gao Huafeng Zhang | 2016 | Cell Research2016，26，10： | 27 |
| 3 | Retrospective study on mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms from five European centres显示文摘BACKGROUND Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasm(MiNEN)is a rare diagnosis,mainly encountered in the gastro-entero-pancreatic tract.There is limited knowledge of its epidemiology,prognosis and biology,and the best management for affected patients is still to be defined.AIM To investigate clinical-pathological characteristics,treatment modalities and survival outcomes of a retrospective cohort of patients with a diagnosis of MiNEN.METHODS Consecutive patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of MiNEN were identified at 5 European centres.Patient data were retrospectively collected from medical records.Pathological samples were reviewed to ascertain compliance with the 2017 World Health Organisation definition of MiNEN.Tumour responses to systemic treatment were assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours 1.1.Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied to estimate survival outcomes.Associations between clinical-pathological characteristics and survival outcomes were explored using Log-rank test for equality of survivors functions(univariate)and Cox-regression analysis(multivariable).RESULTS Sixty-nine consecutive patients identified;Median age at diagnosis:64 years.Males:63.8%.Localised disease(curable):53.6%.Commonest sites of origin:colon-rectum(43.5%)and oesophagus/oesophagogastric junction(15.9%).The neuroendocrine component was;predominant in 58.6%,poorly differentiated in 86.3%,and large cell in 81.25%,of cases analysed.Most distant metastases analysed(73.4%)were occupied only by a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine component.Ninety-four percent of patients with localised disease underwent curative surgery;53%also received perioperative treatment,most often in line with protocols for adenocarcinomas from the same sites of origin.Chemotherapy was offered to most patients(68.1%)with advanced disease,and followed protocols for pure neuroendocrine carcinomas or adenocarcinomas in equal proportion.In localised cases,median recurrence free survival(RFS);14.0 months(95%CI:9.2-24.4),and median overall survival(OS):28.6 months(95%CI:18.3-41.1).On univariate analysis,receipt of perioperative treatment(vs surgery alone)did not improve RFS(P=0.375),or OS(P=0.240).In advanced cases,median progression free survival(PFS);5.6 months(95%CI:4.4-7.4),and median OS;9.0 months(95%CI:5.2-13.4).On univariate analysis,receipt of palliative active treatment(vs best supportive care)prolonged PFS and OS(both,P<0.001).CONCLUSION MiNEN is most commonly driven by a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine component,and has poor prognosis.Advances in its biological understanding are needed to identify effective treatments and improve patient outcomes. | Melissa Frizziero Xin Wang Bipasha Chakrabarty Alexa Childs Tu V Luong Thomas Walter Mohid S Khan Meleri Morgan Adam Christian Mona Elshafie Tahir Shah Annamaria Minicozzi Wasat Mansoor Tim Meyer Angela Lamarca Richard A Hubner Juan W Valle Mairéad G McNamara | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，39： | 13 |
| 4 | Q-switching of waveguide lasers based on graphene/WS_2 van der Waals heterostructure显示文摘We report on the operation of passively Q-switched waveguide lasers at 1 μm wavelength based on a graphene∕WS_2 heterostructure as a saturable absorber(SA). The gain medium is a crystalline Nd:YVO_4 cladding waveguide produced by femtosecond laser writing. The nanosecond waveguide laser operation at 1064 nm has been realized with the maximum average output power of 275 m W and slope efficiency of 37%. In comparison with the systems based on single WS_2 or graphene SA, the lasing Q-switched by a graphene∕WS_2 heterostructure SA possesses advantages of a higher pulse energy and enhanced slope efficiency, indicating the promisingapplications of van der Waals heterostructures for ultrafast photonic devices. | ZIQI LI CHEN CHENG NINGNING DONG CAROLINA ROMERO QINGMING LU JUN WANG JAVIER RODRíGUEZ VáZQUEZ DE ALDANA YANG TAN FENG CHEN | 2017 | Photonics Research2017，5，5： | 7 |
| 5 | Meta-analysis of single strain probiotics for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and prevention of adverse events显示文摘AIM:To assess the efficacy and safety of single strain probiotics for the:(1) eradication of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori);(2) prevention of adverse events;and(3) prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea associated with eradication therapy.METHODS:We searched Pub Med(1960-2014),EMBASE(1974-2014),Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(1990-2014),and ISI Web of Science(2000-2014).Additionally,we conducted a grey literature search including contact with National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry,abstracts from annual infectious disease and gastroenterology meetings,experts in the field and correspondence with authors.Randomized controlled trials of H.pylori positive adults or children treated with eradication therapy and assessing the adjunctive therapy with a single strain of probiotics were included.The primary outcomes were the rates of eradication of H.pylori and frequency of patients with adverse events or antibiotic-associated diarrhea.Outcomes were pooled using fixed or random-effects models to calculate the relative risk and corresponding 95%CI and weighted on study size.To explore possible explanations for heterogeneity,a priori subgroup analyses were conducted on daily probiotic dose,study population,and quality of the study.The overall quality of the evidence for each probiotic strain was assessed using the GRADE criteria.RESULTS:A total of 25 randomized controlled trials(28 treatment arms,with a total of 3769 participants) assessed one of six single probiotic strains as adjunctive treatments to standard eradication therapy.Only one probiotic strain significantly improved H.pylori eradication rates:Saccharomyces boulardii(S.boulardii) CNCM I-745 [pooled relative risks(p RR) = 1.11,95%CI:1.07-1.16].Only one probiotic strain(S.boulardii CNCM I-745) significantly prevented any adverse events(p RR = 0.42,95%CI:0.28-0.62).Both S.boulardii CNCM I-745 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG significantlyreduced antibiotic-associated diarrhea(p RR = 0.47,95%CI:0.37-0.60 and p RR = 0.29,95%CI:0.17-0.48,respectively) associated with H.pylori eradication therapy.Meta-regression of sub-groups did not detect significant differences by dose,adult vs pediatric,symptom status,or study quality,but did find significant differences by the strain of probiotic.Potential mild publication bias was found for antibiotic-associated diarrhea,but not for eradication or adverse event outcomes.Analysis of the study quality illuminated areas for improvement in future studies(use of placebos,study size calculations,attrition reasons and discussion of limitations and generalizability).CONCLUSION:The pooled evidence suggests that the adjunctive use of a few probiotic strains may improve H.pylori eradication rates and prevent the development of adverse events and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in those treated with standard eradication therapies.The type of probiotic strain was the most important factor in predicting efficacy. | Lynne V McFarland Peter Malfertheiner Ying Huang Lin Wang | 2015 | World Journal of Meta-Analysis2015，3，2： | 6 |
| 6 | A silybin-phospholipids complex counteracts rat fatty liver degeneration and mitochondrial oxidative changes显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effectiveness of antioxidant compounds in modulating mitochondrial oxidative alterations and lipids accumulation in fatty hepatocytes.METHODS:Silybin-phospholipid complex containing vitamin E(Realsil) was daily administered by gavage(one pouch diluted in 3 mL of water and containing 15 mg vitamin E and 47 mg silybin complexed with phospholipids) to rats fed a choline-deprived(CD) or a high fat diet [20% fat,containing 71% total calories as fat,11% as carbohydrate,and 18% as protein,high fat diet(HFD)] for 30 d and 60 d,respectively.The control group was fed a normal semi-purified diet containing adequate levels of choline(35% total calories as fat,47% as carbohydrate,and 18% as protein).Circulating and hepatic redox active and nitrogen regulating molecules(thioredoxin,glutathione,glutathione peroxidase),NO metabolites(nitrosothiols,nitrotyrosine),lipid peroxides [malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric(MDA-TBA)],and pro-inflammatory keratins(K-18) were measured on days 0,7,14,30,and 60.Mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins and the extent of hepatic fatty infiltration were evaluated.RESULTS:Both diet regimens produced liver steatosis(50% and 25% of liver slices with CD and HFD,respectively) with no signs of necro-inflammation:fat infiltration ranged from large droplets at day 14 to disseminated and confluent vacuoles resulting in microvesicular steatosis at day 30(CD) and day 60(HFD).In plasma,thioredoxin and nitrosothiols were not significantly changed,while MDA-TBA,nitrotyrosine(from 6 ± 1 nmol/L to 14 ± 3 nmol/L day 30 CD,P < 0.001,and 12 ± 2 nmol/L day 60 HFD,P < 0.001),and K-18(from 198 ± 20 to 289 ± 21 U/L day 30 CD,P < 0.001,and 242 ± 23 U/L day 60 HFD,P < 0.001) levels increased significantly with ongoing steatosis.In the liver,glutathione was decreased(from 34.0 ± 1.3 to 25.3 ± 1.2 nmol/mg prot day 30 CD,P < 0.001,and 22.4 ± 2.4 nmol/mg prot day 60 HFD,P < 0.001),while thioredoxin and glutathione peroxidase were initially increased and then decreased.Nitrosothiols were constantly increased.MDA-TBA levels were five-fold increased from 9.1 ± 1.2 nmol/g to 75.6 ± 5.4 nmol/g on day 30,P < 0.001(CD) and doubled with HFD on day 60.Realsil administration significantly lowered the extent of fat infiltration,maintained liver glutathione levels during the first half period,and halved its decrease during the second half.Also,Realsil modulated thioredoxin changes and the production of NO derivatives and significantly lowered MDA-TBA levels both in liver(from 73.6 ± 5.4 to 57.2 ± 6.3 nmol/g day 30 CD,P < 0.01 and from 27.3 ± 2.1 nmol/g to 20.5 ± 2.2 nmol/g day 60 HFD,P < 0.01) and in plasma.Changes in mitochondrial respiratory complexes were also attenuated by Realsil in HFD rats with a major protective effect on Complex Ⅱ subunit CII-30.CONCLUSION:Realsil administration effectively contrasts hepatocyte fat deposition,NO derivatives formation,and mitochondrial alterations,allowing the liver to maintain a better glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant activity. | Ignazio Grattagliano Catia V Diogo Maria Mastrodonato Ornella de Bari Michele Persichella David QH Wang Adriana Liquori Domenico Ferri Maria Rosaria Carratù Paulo J Oliveira Piero Portincasa | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，20： | 6 |
| 7 | Advances in endovascular aneurysm management: coiling and adjunctive devices显示文摘Endovascular coil embolisation continues to evolve and remains a valid modality in managing ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms.Technological advances in coil properties,adjunctive devices and interventional techniques continue to improve long-term aneurysm occlusion rates.This review elaborates on the latest advances in next-generation endovascular coils and adjunctive coiling techniques for treating cerebral aneurysms. | Jessica K Campos Brian V Lien Alice S Wang Li-Mei Lin | 2020 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2020，5，1： | 5 |
| 8 | Distribution and their pollution assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of the Yalu River Estuary and its adjacent coastal waters显示文摘The present paper deals with the distribution patterns of heavy metals and the associated influencing factors in the Yalu River Estuary and its adjacent coastal waters.Based upon the analysis of the surficial and core sediments measurements,the pollution of heavy metal and potential ecological risk were evaluated.The burial flux and contents of heavy metals(except for copper) have been continuously increasing since the 1920s.Therefore,the gross potential ecological risk for the sedi-ments was high or very high,and the study area was endangered by heavy metals contamination.Heavy metals originated mainly from upstream pollutant input,correlation analysis showed that chromium,nickel,zinc,cadmium,lead,arsenic,and mercury in the sediments of the middle and west channels as well as the sea area of the western Yalu River Estuary concentrations were most probably derived from similar sources.In contrast,the metal of copper most probably originated from sources different from the other metals.Preliminary studies indicate that copper contamination was most likely the result of emission from mining activities situated at the upstream of the river.The contents of heavy metals in the sediments of estuarine turbidity maximum zone of Yalu River were larger than those of any other areas in the middle channel.With large portion of fine sediments,weaker hydrodynamics,and richer sources of heavy metals,the sediments of the west channel,were even more enriched with heavy metals than those of the middle channel. | GAO Jianhua LI Jun Wang Harry V WANG Yaping WANG Zhenyan BAI Fenglong GAO Shu CHENG Yan | 2009 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2009，28，6： | 4 |
| 9 | Immunogenetic factors driving formation of ultralong VH CDR3 in Bos taurus antibodies显示文摘The antibody repertoire of Bos taurus is characterized by a subset of variable heavy(VH)chain regions with ultralong third complementarity determining regions(CDR3)which,compared to other species,can provide a potent response to challenging antigens like HIV env.These unusual CDR3 can range to over seventy highly diverse amino acids in length and form uniqueβ-ribbon‘stalk’and disulfide bonded‘knob’structures,far from the typical antigen binding site.The genetic components and processes for forming these unusual cattle antibody VH CDR3 are not well understood.Here we analyze sequences of Bos taurus antibody VH domains and find that the subset with ultralong CDR3 exclusively uses a single variable gene,IGHV1-7(VHBUL)rearranged to the longest diversity gene,IGHD8-2.An eight nucleotide duplication at the 3′end of IGHV1-7 encodes a longer V-region producing an extended Fβ-strand that contributes to the stalk in a rearranged CDR3.A low amino acid variability was observed in CDR1 and CDR2,suggesting that antigen binding for this subset most likely only depends on the CDR3.Importantly a novel,potentially AID mediated,deletional diversification mechanism of the B.taurus VH ultralong CDR3 knob was discovered,in which interior codons of the IGHD8-2 region are removed while maintaining integral structural components of the knob and descending strand of the stalk in place.These deletions serve to further diversify cysteine positions,and thus disulfide bonded loops.Hence,both germline and somatic genetic factors and processes appear to be involved in diversification of this structurally unusual cattle VH ultralong CDR3 repertoire. | Thaddeus C Deiss Melissa Vadnais Feng Wang Patricia L Chen Ali Torkamani Waithaka Mwangi Marie-Paule Lefranc Michael F Criscitiello Vaughn V Smider | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，1： | 4 |
| 10 | Plant Growth-Promoting Traits in Rhizobacteria of Heavy Metal-Resistant Plants and Their Effects on Brassica nigra Seed Germination显示文摘Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses plants and their associated microbes to clean up pollutants from the soil, water, and air. In order to select the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) for phytoremediation of heavy metal contamination, 60 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of two endemic plants, Prosopis laevigata and Spharealcea angustifolia, in a heavy metal-contaminated zone in Mexico. These rhizobacterial strains were characterized for the growth at different pH and salinity, extracellular enzyme production, solubilization of phosphate, heavy metal resistance, and plant growth-promoting(PGP) traits, including production of siderophores and indol-3-acetic acid(IAA). Overall, the obtained rhizobacteria presented multiple PGP traits. These rhizobacteria were also resistant to high levels of heavy metals(including As as a metalloid)(up to 480 mmol L(-1)As(V), 24 mmol L(-1)Pb(Ⅱ), 21 mmol L(-1)Cu(Ⅱ), and 4.5 mmol L(-1)Zn(Ⅱ)). Seven rhizobacterial strains with the best PGP traits were identified as members of Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Curtobacterium, and Microbacterium, and were selected for further bioassay.The inoculation of Brassica nigra seeds with Microbacterium sp. CE3R2, Microbacterium sp. NE1R5, Curtobacterium sp. NM1R1,and Microbacterium sp. NM3E9 facilitated the root development; they significantly improved the B. nigra seed germination and root growth in the presence of heavy metals such as 2.2 mmol L(-1)Zn(Ⅱ). The rhizobacterial strains isolated in the present study had the potential to be used as efficient bioinoculants in phytorremediation of soils contaminated with multiple heavy metals. | Brenda ROMN-PONCE Diana Miryel REZA-VZQUEZ Sonia GUTIRREZ-PAREDES María de Jesús DE HARO-CRUZ Jessica MALDONADO-HERNNDEZ Yanely BAHENA-OSORIO Paulina ESTRADA-DE LOS SANTOS En Tao WANG María Soledad VSQUEZ-MURRIETA | 2017 | Pedosphere2017，27，3： | 4 |
| 11 | ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) and subfamily C member 10(ABCC1O) are not primary resistance factors for cabazitaxel显示文摘Introduction:ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1(ABCB1) and subfamily C member 10(ABCCIO) proteins are efflux transporters that couple the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to the translocation of toxic substances and chemotherapeutic drugs out of cells.Cabazitaxel is a novel taxane that differs from paclitaxel by its lower affinity for ATP-binding cassette(ABC) transporters.Methods:We determined the effects of cabazitaxel,a novel tubulin-binding taxane,and paclitaxel on paclitaxelresistant,ABCB1-overexpressing KB-C2 and LLC-MDR1-WT cells and paclitaxel-resistant,ABCC10-overexpressing HEK293/ABCC10 cells by calculating the degree of drug resistance and measuring ATPase activity of the ABCB1 transporter.Results:Decreased resistance to cabazitaxel compared with paclitaxel was observed in KB-C2,LLC-MDR1-WT,and HEK293/ABCC10 cells.Moreover,cabazitaxel had low efficacy,whereas paclitaxel had high efficacy in stimulating the ATPase activity of ABCB1,indicating a direct interaction of both drugs with the transporter.Conclusion:ABCB1 and ABCC10 are not primary resistance factors for cabazitaxel compared with paclitaxel,suggesting that cabazitaxel may have a low affinity for these efflux transporters. | Rishil J Kathawala Yi-Jun Wang Suneet Shukla Yun-Kai Zhang Saeed Alqahtani Amal Kaddoumi Suresh V Ambudkar Charles R Ashby Jr Zhe-Sheng Chen | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2015，34，3： | 4 |
| 12 | MicroRNA profile in neosquamous esophageal mucosa following ablation of Barrett's esophagus显示文摘AIM To investigate the micro RNA expression profile in esophageal neosquamous epithelium from patients who had undergone ablation of Barrett's esophagus.METHODS High throughput screening using Taq Man~ Array Human Micro RNA quantitative PCR was used to determine expression levels of 754 micro RNAs in distal esophageal mucosa(1 cm above the gastro-esophageal junction) from 16 patients who had undergone ablation of non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus using argon plasma coagulation vs pretreatment mucosa, posttreatment proximal normal non-treated esophageal mucosa, and esophageal mucosal biopsies from 10 controls without Barrett's esophagus. Biopsies of squamous mucosa were also taken from 5 cm above the pre-ablation squamo-columnar junction. Predicted m RNA target pathway analysis was used to investigate the functional involvement of differentially expressed micro RNAs.RESULTS Forty-four micro RNAs were differentially expressed between control squamous mucosa vs post-ablation neosquamous mucosa. Nineteen micro RNAs were differentially expressed between post-ablation neosquamous and post-ablation squamous mucosa obtained from the more proximal non-treated esophageal segment. Twelve microRNAs were differentially expressed in both neosquamous vs matched proximal squamous mucosa and neosquamous vs squamous mucosa from healthy patients. Nine micro RNAs(mi R-424-5p, mi R-127-3p, mi R-98-5p, mi R-187-3p, mi R-495-3p, mi R-34c-5p, mi R-223-5p, mi R-539-5p, mi R-376a-3p, mi R-409-3p) were expressed at higher levels in post-ablation neosquamous mucosa than in matched proximal squamous and healthy squamous mucosa. These micro RNAs were also more highly expressed in Barrett's esophagus mucosa than matched proximal squamous and squamous mucosa from controls. Target prediction and pathway analysis suggests that these micro RNAs may be involved in the regulation of cell survival signalling pathways. Three micro RNAs(mi R-187-3p, mi R-135b-5p and mi R-31-5p) were expressed at higher levels in postablation neosquamous mucosa than in matched proximal squamous and healthy squamous mucosa. These mi RNAs were expressed at similar levels in preablation Barrett's esophagus mucosa, matched proximal squamous and squamous mucosa from controls. Target prediction and pathway analysis suggests that these micro RNAs may be involved in regulating the expression of proteins that contribute to barrier function.CONCLUSION Neosquamous mucosa arising after ablation of Barrett's esophagus expresses micro RNAs that may contribute to decreased barrier function and micro RNAs that may be involved in the regulation of survival signaling pathways. | Loveena Sreedharan George C Mayne David I Watson Timothy Bright Reginald V Lord Alfiya Ansar Tingting Wang Jakob Kist David StJ Astill Damian J Hussey | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，30： | 3 |
| 13 | Thermal Response of Mould in High Speed Casting of Stainless Steel Billet显示文摘An industrial trial was conducted on a billet-casting machine at Atlas Steel, Canada, during which a mould was instrumented with 52 thermocouples. The measured data of ten heats were collected to determine mould wall temperature profiles for different steel grades at different casting speeds. Based on these data, heat fluxes were calculated with inverse heat conduction model. Heat fluxes for different operating parameters were compared and analyzed. | WANG Bao-feng SAMARASEKERA I V | 2002 | Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International)2002，9，2： | 3 |
| 14 | SPH-BEM simulation of underwater explosion and bubble dynamics near rigid wall显示文摘A process of underwater explosion of a charge near a rigid wall includes three main stages: charge detonation, bubble pulsation and jet formation. A smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) method has natural advantages in solving problems with large deformations and is suitable for simulation of processes of charge detonation and jet formation. On the other hand, a boundary element method(BEM) is highly efficient for modelling of the bubble pulsation process. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm, fully utilizing advantages of both SPH and BEM, was applied to simulate the entire process of free and near-field underwater explosions. First, a numerical model of the free-field underwater explosion was developed, and the entire explosion process–from the charge detonation to the jet formation–was analysed. Second, the obtained numerical results were compared with the original experimental data in order to verify the validity of the presented method. Third, a SPH model of underwater explosion for a column charge near a rigid wall was developed to simulate the detonation process. The results for propagation of a shock wave are in good accordance with the physical observations. After that, the SPH results were employed as initial conditions for the BEM to simulate the bubble pulsation. The obtained numerical results show that the bubble expanded at first and then shrunk due to a differences of pressure levels inside and outside it. Here, a good agreement between the numerical and experimental results for the shapes, the maximum radius and the movement of the bubble proved the effectiveness of the developed numerical model. Finally, the BEM results for a stage when an initial jet was formed were used as initial conditions for the SPH method to simulate the process of jet formation and its impact on the rigid wall. The numerical results agreed well with the experimental data, verifying the feasibility and suitability of the hybrid algorithm. Besides, the results show that, due to the effect of the Bjerknes force, a jet with a high speed was formed that may cause local damage to underwater structures. | ZHANG ZhiFan WANG Cheng ZHANG A-Man Silberschmidt Vadim V WANG LongKan | 2019 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2019，62，7： | 3 |
| 15 | Gigabit ethernet switches using a shared buffer architecture显示文摘 | Lau M V Shieh S Wang Peifeng | 2003 | IEEE Communications Magazine2003，41，： | 2 |
| 16 | 全颗粒饲料对奶牛生产性能的影响显示文摘饲料中的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量和饲料颗粒直径是影响瘤胃功能的重要因素。试验评估了以颗粒饲料为主的奶牛瘤胃健康情况、NDF消化率和生产性能。选取8头荷斯坦母牛(336±30 d,体重346±35 kg),随机分配到交叉重复试验组中,奶牛安置于牛栏,自由采食。试验期为3周,前两周是适应期,最后一周为数据收集期。各组饲粮原料相同,但物理形式不同,分为全混合日粮(TMR)和颗粒料(直径=8 mm)。两组间物理有效NDF(pe NDF)不同,TMR组为39.8%,颗粒料组为11.8%。在试验过程中,干物质采食量(DMI)、饮水量、瘤胃反刍时间、瘤胃温度和pH情况均记录。3周后收集粪样,确定潜在的可消化NDF总消化率(pdNDF)。每阶段结束后计算平均日增重和饲料转化率。颗粒料组的DMI、DMI/体重和饮水量更高。而两组间平均日增重和饲料转化率无显著差异。颗粒料组的瘤胃反刍时间为241 min·d-1低于TMR组的507 min·d-1。饲料的不同物理外形对瘤胃温度、瘤胃pH无显著影响。TMR组的pdNDF总消化率为90.25%高于颗粒料组的86.82%。试验结果表明,动物易接受完整的颗粒饲料,DMI较高,且反刍时间减少,但瘤胃pH无显著变化。TMR组的pdNDF消化率显著增加。尽管两组奶牛在DMI和纤维消化方面表现不同,但总体表现相似,两组饲料的保存时间与其物理形式有关。在短期内,提供能满足NDF需求的完全颗粒饲料可改善瘤胃健康状况和动物生产性能,而较长时间的数据则需要进一步试验。 | Wang J Yang M Cao M Lin Y Che L Q Duraipandiyan V Al-Dhabi N A Fang Z F Xu S Y Feng B Liu G Wu D Bonfante E Palmonari A Mammi L Canestrari G Fustini M Formigoni A | 2016 | 饲料博览2016，0，12： | 2 |
| 17 | Global surveillance of cancer survival 1995–2009: analysis of individual data for 25 676 887 patients from 279 population-based registries in 67 countries (CONCORD-2)显示文摘 | Claudia Allemani Hannah K Weir Helena Carreira Rhea Harewood Devon Spika Xiao-Si Wang Finian Bannon Jane V Ahn Christopher J Johnson Audrey Bonaventure Rafael Marcos-Gragera Charles Stiller Gulnar Azevedo e Silva Wan-Qing Chen Olufemi J Ogunbiyi Bernard R | 2015 | The Lancet . 2015 (9972)2015，，： | 2 |
| 18 | Tenecteplase Reperfusion therapy in Acute ischaemic Cerebrovascular Events-Ⅱ (TRACE Ⅱ): rationale and design显示文摘Background and purpose Tenecteplase(TNK)is a promising agent for treatment of acute ischaemic stroke(AIS).We hypothesised that recombinant human TNK tissue-type plasminogen activator(rhTNK-tPA)is non-inferior to rt-PA in achieving excellent functional outcome at 90 days,when administered within 4.5 hours of ischaemic stroke onset.Methods and design Tenecteplase Reperfusion therapy in Acute ischemic Cerebrovascular Events(TRACE)is a phase Ⅲ,multicentre,prospective,randomised,open-label,blinded-end point non-inferiority study.Patients eligible for intravenous thrombolysis therapy are randomised to rhTNK-tPA 0.25 mg/kg(single bolus)to a maximum of 25 mg or rt-PA 0.9 mg/kg(10%bolus+90%infusion/1 hour)to a maximum of 90 mg.Medications considered necessary for the patient’s health may be given at the discretion of the investigator during 90-day follow-up.Study outcomes The primary study outcome is excellent functional outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale(mRS)0–1 at 90 days.Secondary efficacy outcomes include favourable functional outcome defined as mRS≤2 at 90 days,ordinal distribution of mRS and major neurological improvement on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.Safety outcomes are symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage within 36 hours and death from any cause.Discussion There is no completed registration study of TNK in AIS worldwide.TRACE Ⅱ strives to provide evidence for a new drug application for rhTNK-tPA in AIS within 4.5 hours through a well-designed and rigorously executed randomised trial in China. | Shuya Li Bruce C V Campbell Lee H Schwamm Marc Fisher Mark Parsons Hao Li Yuesong Pan Yongjun Wang | 2022 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2022，7，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Ozone and related gaseous pollutants in the boundary layer of eastern China:Overview of the recent measurements at a rural site显示文摘 | Wang T Cheung V T F Anson M | 2001 | Geophysical Research Letters2001，28，12： | 2 |
| 20 | Emission characteristics of CO,NOx,SO2 and indications of biomass burning observed at a rural site in eastern China显示文摘 | Wang T Cheung V T F Li Y S | | J Geophys Res0，107，12： | 2 |
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